BACKGROUND Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitors are immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)that have demonstrated significant efficacy in treating various advanced malignant tumors.While most patients tolerate treatment ...BACKGROUND Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitors are immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)that have demonstrated significant efficacy in treating various advanced malignant tumors.While most patients tolerate treatment well,several adverse drug reactions,such as fatigue,myelosuppression,and ICI-associated colitis,have been reported.CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 57-year-old male patient with ulcerative colitis complicated by hepatocarcinoma who underwent treatment with tirelizumab(a PD-1 inhibitor)for six months.The treatment led to repeated life-threatening lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage.The patient received infliximab,vedolizumab,and other salvage procedures but ultimately required subtotal colectomy due to uncontrollable massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding.Currently,postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding has stopped,the patient’s stool has turned yellow,and his full blood cell count has returned to normal.CONCLUSION This case highlights the necessity of early identification,timely and adequate treatment of ICI-related colitis,and rapid escalation to achieve the goal of improving prognosis.展开更多
The characteristics and formation mechanisms of the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate reservoirs of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the central Bohai Sea were examined based on polarized light microscopy and scanning ...The characteristics and formation mechanisms of the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate reservoirs of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the central Bohai Sea were examined based on polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffrac- tometry, carbon and oxygen stable isotope geochemistry, and integrated fluid inclusion analysis. High-quality reservoirs are mainly distributed in Type I and Type II mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments, and the dominant pore types include residual primary intergranular pores and intrafossil pores, feldspar dissolution pores mainly devel- oped in Type II sediments. Type I mixed sediments are characterized by precipitation of early pore-lining dolo- mite, relatively weak mechanical compaction during deep burial, and the occurrence of abundant oil inclusions in high-quality reservoirs. Microfacies played a critical role in the formation of the mixed reservoirs, and high-quality reservoirs are commonly found in high-energy environ- ments, such as fan delta underwater distributary channels, mouth bars, and submarine uplift beach bars. Abundant intrafossil pores were formed by bioclastic decay, and secondary pores due to feldspar dissolution further enhance reservoir porosity. Mechanical compaction was inhibited by the precipitation of pore-lining dolomite formed during early stage, and oil emplacement has further led to the preservation of good reservoir quality.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cell cycle-regulatory proteins in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: One hundred and two surgically obtained spec...AIM: To investigate the correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cell cycle-regulatory proteins in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: One hundred and two surgically obtained specimens of ESCC were randomly collected. All specimens were obtained from patients who had not received chemoor radiotherapy prior to surgical resection.Twenty-eight specimens of normal squamous epithelium served as controls. The expression of COX-2, Ki-67, cyclin A and p27 was examined by immunohistochemistry. The Pearson test was used to analyze the relationship between groups. RESULTS: The protein level of COX-2, Ki-67 and cyclin A was significantly higher in ESCC than in normal squamous epithelium (74.7±61.2 vs 30.2 ± 43.4, 64.0 ± 51.6 vs 11.6 ± 2.3, 44.2 ± 32.2 vs 11.7 ± 5.0, respectively, all P<0.01). In contrast, the protein level of p27 was signifi cantly lower in ESCC than in normal squamous epithelium (182.0 ±69.0 vs 266.4±28.0, P<0.01). In ESCC, COX-2 expression was correlated with T stage, the score of T1-T2 stage was lower than that of T3-T4 stage (55.0±42.3 vs 83.0 ± 66.5, P<0.05), and Ki-67, cyclin A and p27 expressions were correlated with the tumor differentiation (43.8±31.7 vs 98.4± 84.8, 32.0 ± 19.0 vs 54.1 ±53.7,206.2±61.5 vs 123.5±68.3, respectively, all P<0.01). COX-2 expression was positively correlated to Ki-67, cyclin A and negatively correlated to p27 expression in ESCC (r=0.270, 0.233 and-0.311, respectively, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of COX-2 is correlated with tumor cell invasion and is closely related to the cell proliferation in patients with ESCC.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the expression of thymidylate synthase （TS） and glutathione-s-transferase π （GST-π） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their association with the clinicopathologic characteristics. ME...AIM： To investigate the expression of thymidylate synthase （TS） and glutathione-s-transferase π （GST-π） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their association with the clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS： Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of TS and GST-π in surgically resected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） tissue sections from 102 patients （median age, 58 years） and in 28 normal esophageal mucosa （NEM） samples. The relationship between TS and GST-π expression and clinicopathologic factors was examined. RESULTS： The expression of TS and GST-π was not statistically significantly associated with age of the patients, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion or tumor stage. TS staining was positive in 17.86% of normal esophageal mucosa and in 42.16% of ESCC samples （P 〈 0.05）. The expression level of TS was not only significantly lower in well-differentiated （21.88%） than in poorly-differentiated carcinomas （51.43%, P 〈 0.05）, but was also significantly higher in samples from male patients （46.51%） than from female patients （18.75%, P 〈 0.05）. GST-π was positively stained in 78.57% of normal esophageal mucosa and in 53.92% of ESCC samples （P 〈 0.05）. The expression level of GST-π was also significantly higher in welldifferentiated carcinomas （65.63%） than in poorly- differentiated carcinomas （35.00%, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The expression of TS and of GST-π may be used as molecular markers for the characterization of ESCC. Poorly-differentiated cells showed increased expression of T5 and reduced expression of GST-π.展开更多
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been popular for thousand years in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases synergistically with Western medicine while producing mild healing effects and lower side effects. ...Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been popular for thousand years in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases synergistically with Western medicine while producing mild healing effects and lower side effects. Although many TCMs have been proven effective by modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials, their bioactive constituents and the remedial mechanisms are still not well understood. Researchers have made great efforts to explore the real theory of TCM for many years with different strategies. Development of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and mass spectrometry within recent decade can provide scientists with robust technologies for disclosing the mysterious mask of TCM. In this paper, important innovations of HPLC and mass spectrometry are reviewed in the application of TCM analysis from single compound identification to metabolomic strategy.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31870993.
文摘BACKGROUND Programmed cell death 1(PD-1)inhibitors are immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)that have demonstrated significant efficacy in treating various advanced malignant tumors.While most patients tolerate treatment well,several adverse drug reactions,such as fatigue,myelosuppression,and ICI-associated colitis,have been reported.CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 57-year-old male patient with ulcerative colitis complicated by hepatocarcinoma who underwent treatment with tirelizumab(a PD-1 inhibitor)for six months.The treatment led to repeated life-threatening lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage.The patient received infliximab,vedolizumab,and other salvage procedures but ultimately required subtotal colectomy due to uncontrollable massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding.Currently,postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding has stopped,the patient’s stool has turned yellow,and his full blood cell count has returned to normal.CONCLUSION This case highlights the necessity of early identification,timely and adequate treatment of ICI-related colitis,and rapid escalation to achieve the goal of improving prognosis.
基金financially supported by the National Science & Technology Specific Project (Grant No. 2011ZX05023-006)
文摘The characteristics and formation mechanisms of the mixed siliciclastic-carbonate reservoirs of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the central Bohai Sea were examined based on polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffrac- tometry, carbon and oxygen stable isotope geochemistry, and integrated fluid inclusion analysis. High-quality reservoirs are mainly distributed in Type I and Type II mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments, and the dominant pore types include residual primary intergranular pores and intrafossil pores, feldspar dissolution pores mainly devel- oped in Type II sediments. Type I mixed sediments are characterized by precipitation of early pore-lining dolo- mite, relatively weak mechanical compaction during deep burial, and the occurrence of abundant oil inclusions in high-quality reservoirs. Microfacies played a critical role in the formation of the mixed reservoirs, and high-quality reservoirs are commonly found in high-energy environ- ments, such as fan delta underwater distributary channels, mouth bars, and submarine uplift beach bars. Abundant intrafossil pores were formed by bioclastic decay, and secondary pores due to feldspar dissolution further enhance reservoir porosity. Mechanical compaction was inhibited by the precipitation of pore-lining dolomite formed during early stage, and oil emplacement has further led to the preservation of good reservoir quality.
基金Supported by The "333 Plan" Fund of Jiangsu Province, China, No. 2009-24
文摘AIM: To investigate the correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cell cycle-regulatory proteins in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: One hundred and two surgically obtained specimens of ESCC were randomly collected. All specimens were obtained from patients who had not received chemoor radiotherapy prior to surgical resection.Twenty-eight specimens of normal squamous epithelium served as controls. The expression of COX-2, Ki-67, cyclin A and p27 was examined by immunohistochemistry. The Pearson test was used to analyze the relationship between groups. RESULTS: The protein level of COX-2, Ki-67 and cyclin A was significantly higher in ESCC than in normal squamous epithelium (74.7±61.2 vs 30.2 ± 43.4, 64.0 ± 51.6 vs 11.6 ± 2.3, 44.2 ± 32.2 vs 11.7 ± 5.0, respectively, all P<0.01). In contrast, the protein level of p27 was signifi cantly lower in ESCC than in normal squamous epithelium (182.0 ±69.0 vs 266.4±28.0, P<0.01). In ESCC, COX-2 expression was correlated with T stage, the score of T1-T2 stage was lower than that of T3-T4 stage (55.0±42.3 vs 83.0 ± 66.5, P<0.05), and Ki-67, cyclin A and p27 expressions were correlated with the tumor differentiation (43.8±31.7 vs 98.4± 84.8, 32.0 ± 19.0 vs 54.1 ±53.7,206.2±61.5 vs 123.5±68.3, respectively, all P<0.01). COX-2 expression was positively correlated to Ki-67, cyclin A and negatively correlated to p27 expression in ESCC (r=0.270, 0.233 and-0.311, respectively, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of COX-2 is correlated with tumor cell invasion and is closely related to the cell proliferation in patients with ESCC.
基金Supported by The Key Medical Talent Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China,No.RC2007036
文摘AIM： To investigate the expression of thymidylate synthase （TS） and glutathione-s-transferase π （GST-π） in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their association with the clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS： Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of TS and GST-π in surgically resected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） tissue sections from 102 patients （median age, 58 years） and in 28 normal esophageal mucosa （NEM） samples. The relationship between TS and GST-π expression and clinicopathologic factors was examined. RESULTS： The expression of TS and GST-π was not statistically significantly associated with age of the patients, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion or tumor stage. TS staining was positive in 17.86% of normal esophageal mucosa and in 42.16% of ESCC samples （P 〈 0.05）. The expression level of TS was not only significantly lower in well-differentiated （21.88%） than in poorly-differentiated carcinomas （51.43%, P 〈 0.05）, but was also significantly higher in samples from male patients （46.51%） than from female patients （18.75%, P 〈 0.05）. GST-π was positively stained in 78.57% of normal esophageal mucosa and in 53.92% of ESCC samples （P 〈 0.05）. The expression level of GST-π was also significantly higher in welldifferentiated carcinomas （65.63%） than in poorly- differentiated carcinomas （35.00%, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The expression of TS and of GST-π may be used as molecular markers for the characterization of ESCC. Poorly-differentiated cells showed increased expression of T5 and reduced expression of GST-π.
文摘Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been popular for thousand years in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases synergistically with Western medicine while producing mild healing effects and lower side effects. Although many TCMs have been proven effective by modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials, their bioactive constituents and the remedial mechanisms are still not well understood. Researchers have made great efforts to explore the real theory of TCM for many years with different strategies. Development of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and mass spectrometry within recent decade can provide scientists with robust technologies for disclosing the mysterious mask of TCM. In this paper, important innovations of HPLC and mass spectrometry are reviewed in the application of TCM analysis from single compound identification to metabolomic strategy.
