Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and o...Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals such as mice, rats, bovine fetuses, calves, and horses. The levels of miRNAs in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species. Employing Solexa, we sequenced all serum miRNAs of healthy Chinese subjects and found over 100 and 91 serum miRNAs in male and female subjects, respectively. We also identified specific expression patterns of serum miRNAs for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes, providing evidence that serum miRNAs contain fingerprints for various diseases. Two non-small cell lung cancer-specific serum miRNAs obtained by Solexa were further validated in an independent trial of 75 healthy donors and 152 cancer patients, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Through these analyses, we conclude that serum miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of various cancers and other diseases.展开更多
Background： National Central Cancer Registry of China（NCCRC） updated nationwide cancer statistics using population-based cancer registry data in 2014 collected from all available cancer registries.Methods： In 2017...Background： National Central Cancer Registry of China（NCCRC） updated nationwide cancer statistics using population-based cancer registry data in 2014 collected from all available cancer registries.Methods： In 2017, 449 cancer registries submitted cancer registry data in 2014, among which 339 registries＇ data met the criteria of quality control and were included in analysis. These cancer registries covered 288,243,347 population, accounting for about 21.07% of the national population in 2014. Numbers of nationwide new cancer cases and deaths were estimated using calculated incidence and mortality rates and corresponding national population stratified by area, sex, age group and cancer type. The world Segi＇s population was applied for agestandardized rates.Results： A total of 3,804,000 new cancer cases were diagnosed, the crude incidence rate was 278.07/100,000（301.67/100,000 in males, 253.29/100,000 in females） and the age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population（ASIRW） was 186.53/100,000. Calculated age-standardized incidence rate was higher in urban areas than in rural areas（191.6/100,000 vs. 179.2/100,000）. South China had the highest cancer incidence rate while Southwest China had the lowest incidence rate. Cancer incidence rate was higher in female for population between20 to 54 years but was higher in male for population younger than 20 years or over 54 years. A total of 2,296,000 cancer deaths were reported, the crude mortality rate was 167.89/100,000（207.24/100,000 in males,126.54/100,000 in females） and the age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population（ASMRW） was106.09/100,000. Calculated age-standardized mortality rate was higher in rural areas than in urban areas（110.3/100,000 vs. 102.5/100,000）. East China had the highest cancer mortality rate while North China had the lowest mortality rate. The mortality rate in male was higher than that in female. Common cancer types and major causes of cancer death differed between age group and se展开更多
Objective： The National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） collected population-based cancer registration data in 20l 1 from all cancer registries. National cancer incidence and mortality were compiled and cancer incid...Objective： The National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） collected population-based cancer registration data in 20l 1 from all cancer registries. National cancer incidence and mortality were compiled and cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated. Methods： In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2011. All datasets were checked and evaluated based on the criteria of data quality from NCCR. Total 177 registries＇ data were qualified and compiled for cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratified by area （urban/rural）, gender, age group （0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14...85＋） and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2011. All incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi＇s population expressed per 100,000 persons. Results： All 177 cancer registries （77 in urban and 100 in rural areas） covered 175,310,169 populations （98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas）. The morphology verified cases （MV%） accounting for 70.14% and 2.44% of incident cases were identified through death certifications only （DCO%） with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.63. The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The incidence rate was 250.28/100,000 （males 277.77/100,000, females 221.37/100,000）, and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 186.34/100,000 and 182.76/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） of 21.20%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC in urban areas were 261.38/100,000 and 189.89/100,000 compared to 238.60/100,000 and 182.10/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 156.83/100,000 （194.88/100,000 in males and 116.81/100,000 in females）, the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standa展开更多
Background： Population-based cancer registration data in 2012 from all available cancer registries were collected by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR）. NCCR estimated the numbers of new cancer cases and c...Background： Population-based cancer registration data in 2012 from all available cancer registries were collected by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR）. NCCR estimated the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in China with compiled cancer incidence and mortality rates. Methods： In 2015, there were 261 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2012. All the data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality. Qualified data from 193 registries were used for cancer statistics analysis as national estimation. The pooled data were stratified by area （urban/rural）, gender, age group [0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, ..., 85＋] and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding national population in 2012. The Chinese census data in 2000 and Segi＇s population were applied for age-standardized rates. All the rates were expressed per 100,000 person-year. Results： Qualified 193 cancer registries （74 urban and 119 rural registries） covered 198,060,406 populations （100,450,109 in urban and 97,610,297 in rural areas）. The percentage of cases morphologically verified （NIV%） and death certificate-only cases （DCO%） were 69.13% and 2.38%, respectively, and the mortality to incidence rate ratio （M/I） was 0.62. A total of 3,586,200 new cancer cases and 2,186,600 cancer deaths were estimated in China in 2012. The incidence rate was 264.85/100,000 （289.30/100,000 in males, 239.15/100,000 in females）, the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 191.89/100,000 and 187.83/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 age years old） of 21.82%. The cancer incidence, ASIRC and ASIRW in urban areas were 277.17/100,000, 195.56/100,000 and 190.88/100,000 compared to 251.20/100,000, 187.10/100,000 and 183.91/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 161.49/ 100,000 （ 198.99/100,000 in展开更多
Objective： To explore the cancer patterns in areas with different urbanization rates（URR） in China with data from 255 population-based cancer registries in 2013, collected by the National Central Cancer Registry（N...Objective： To explore the cancer patterns in areas with different urbanization rates（URR） in China with data from 255 population-based cancer registries in 2013, collected by the National Central Cancer Registry（NCCR）.Methods： There were 347 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2013 to NCCR.All those data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality, and qualified data from 255 registries were used for this analysis. According to the proportion of non-agricultural population, we divided cities/counties into 3 levels： high level, with URR equal to 70% and higher; median level, with URR between 30%and 70%; and low level, with URR equal to 30% and less. Cancer incidences and mortalities were calculated,stratified by gender and age groups in different areas. The national population of Fifth Census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were applied for age-standardized rates.Results： Qualified 255 cancer registries covered 226,494,490 populations. The percentage of cases morphologically verified（MV%） and death certificate-only cases（DCO%） were 68.04% and 1.74%, respectively,and the mortality to incidence rate ratio（M/I） was 0.62. A total of 644,487 new cancer cases and 399,275 cancer deaths from the 255 cancer registries were submitted to NCCR in 2013. The incidence rate was 284.55/100,000（314.06/100,000 in males, 254.19/100,000 in females）, and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population（ASIRC） and by world standard population（ASIRW） were 190.10/100,000 and 186.24/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate（0–74 age years old） of 21.60%. The cancer mortality was 176.28/100,000（219.03/100,000 in males, 132.30/100,000 in females）, and the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population（ASMRC） and by world standard population（ASMRW） were 110.91/100,000 and 109.92/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate（0–74 age years old） was 12.43%. Low urbanization areas were high 展开更多
This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multis...This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.展开更多
Objective： The National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） collected cancer registration data in 2009 from local cancer registries in 2012, and analyzed to describe cancer incidence and mortality in China. Methods： On...Objective： The National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） collected cancer registration data in 2009 from local cancer registries in 2012, and analyzed to describe cancer incidence and mortality in China. Methods： On basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR, data submitted from 104 registries were checked and evaluated. There were 72 registries＇ data qualified and accepted for cancer registry annual report in 2012. Descriptive analysis included incidence and mortality stratified by area （urban/rural）, sex, age group and cancer site. The top 10 common cancers in different groups, proportion and cumulative rates were also calculated. Chinese population census in 1982 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results： All 72 cancer registries covered a total of 85,470,522 population （57,489,009 in urban and 27,981,513 in rural areas）. The total new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 244,366 and 154,310, respectively. The morphology verified cases accounted for 67.23%, and 3.14% of incident cases only had information from death certifications. The crude incidence rate in Chinese cancer registration areas was 285.91/100,000 （males 317.97/100,000, females 253.09/100,000）, age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 146.87/100,000 and 191.72/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 age years old） of 22.08%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 303.39/100,000 and 150.31/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas, they were 249.98/100,000 and 139.68/100,000, respectively. The cancer mortality in Chinese cancer registration areas was 180.54/100,000 （224.20/100,000 in males and 135.85/100,000 in females）, age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 85.06/100,000 and 115.65/100,000, and the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 age years old） was 12.94%. The cancer mortal展开更多
Objective：Population-based cancer registration data in 2010 were collected,evaluated and analyzed by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China.Cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.M...Objective：Population-based cancer registration data in 2010 were collected,evaluated and analyzed by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China.Cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods：There wvere 219 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and death data in 2010.All data were checked and evaluated on basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR.Total 145 registries＇ data were qualified and accepted for cancer statistics in 2010.Pooled data were stratified by urban/rural,area,sex,age group and cancer site.Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population.The top ten common cancers in different groups,proportion and cumulative rate were also calculated.Chinese census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/ mortality rates.Results：All 145 cancer registries （63 in urban and 82 in rural） covered a total of 158,403,248 population （92,433,739 in urban and 65,969,509 in rural areas）.The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010,respectively.The morphology verified cases （MV％） accounted for 67.11％ and 2.99％ of incident cases were identified through death certifications only （DCO％） with mortality to incidence ratio （M/I） of 0.61.The crude incidence rate was 235.23/100,000 （268.65/100,000 in males,200.21/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC,2000） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） of 21.l 1％.The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.41/100,000 and 187.53/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas,they were 213.71/100,000 and 181.10/100,000,respectively.The crude cancer mortality in China was 148.81/100,000 （186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC,2000�展开更多
A National Science Foundation of China （NSFC） major research project, Destruction of the North China Craton （NCC）, has been carried out in the past few years by Chinese scientists through an in-depth and systemati...A National Science Foundation of China （NSFC） major research project, Destruction of the North China Craton （NCC）, has been carried out in the past few years by Chinese scientists through an in-depth and systematic observations, experiments and theoretical analyses, with an emphasis on the spatio-temporal distribution of the NCC destruction, the structure of deep earth and shallow geological records of the craton evolution, the mechanism and dynamics of the craton destruction. From this work the foUowing conclusions can be drawn： （1） Significant spatial heterogeneity exists in the NCC lithospheric thickness and crustal structure, which constrains the scope of the NCC destruction. （2） The nature of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sub-continental lithospheric mantle （CLM） underneath the NCC is characterized in detail. In terms of water content, the late Mesozoic CLM was rich in water, but Cenozoic CLM was highly water deficient. （3） The correlation between magmatism and surface geological response confirms that the geological and tectonic evolution is governed by cratonic destruction processes. （4） Pacific subduction is the main dynamic factor that triggered the destruction of the NCC, which highlights the role of cratonic destruction in plate tectonics.展开更多
The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan,Hubei province,and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries.Here we report the epidemiological,clinical,laboratory,an...The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan,Hubei province,and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries.Here we report the epidemiological,clinical,laboratory,and radiological characteristics,as well as potential biomarkers for predicting disease severity in 2019-nCoV-infected patients in Shenzhen,China.All 12 cases of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients developed pneumonia and half of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).The most common laboratory abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia,lymphopenia,decreased percentage of lymphocytes (LYM) and neutrophils (NEU),elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),and decreased CD8 count.The viral load of 2019-nCoV detected from patient respiratory tracts was positively linked to lung disease severity.ALB,LYM,LYM (%),LDH,NEU (%),and CRP were highly correlated to the acute lung injury.Age,viral load,lung injury score,and blood biochemistry indexes,albumin (ALB),CRP,LDH,LYM (%),LYM,and NEU (%),may be predictors of disease severity.Moreover,the Angiotensin Ⅱlevel in the plasma sample from 2019-nCoV infected patients was markedly elevated and linearly associated to viral load and lung injury.Our results suggest a number of potential diagnosis biomarkers and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs for potential repurposing treatment of 2019-nCoV infection.展开更多
Objective: Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and major cause of cancer deaths in China,which accounts for over 50% of new cases and deaths worldwide.The systematic liver cancer statistics including of pro...Objective: Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and major cause of cancer deaths in China,which accounts for over 50% of new cases and deaths worldwide.The systematic liver cancer statistics including of projection through 2030 could provide valuable information for prevention and control strategies in China,and experience for other countries.Methods: The burden of liver cancer in China in 2014 was estimated using 339 cancer registries’ data selected from Chinese National Cancer Center(NCC).Incident cases of 22 cancer registries were applied for temporal trends from 2000 to 2014.The burden of liver cancer through 2030 was projected using age-period-cohort model.Results: About 364,800 new cases of liver cancer(268,900 males and 95,900 females) occurred in China,and about 318,800 liver cancer deaths(233,500 males and 85,300 females) in 2014.Western regions of China had the highest incidence and mortality rates.Incidence and mortality rates decreased by about 2.3% and 2.6% per year during the period of 2000-2014,respectively,and would decrease by more than 44% between 2014 and 2030 in China.The young generation,particularly for those aged under 40 years,showed a faster down trend.Conclusions: Based on the analysis,incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer are expected to decrease through 2030,but the burden of liver cancer is still serious in China,especially in rural and western areas.Most cases of liver cancer in China can be prevented through vaccination and more prevention efforts should be focused on high risk groups.展开更多
The study of continental deep-subduction has been one of the forefront and core subjects to advance the plate tectonics theory in the twenty-first century. The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in China crops out the largest l...The study of continental deep-subduction has been one of the forefront and core subjects to advance the plate tectonics theory in the twenty-first century. The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in China crops out the largest lithotectonic unit containing ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the world. Much of our understanding of the world's most enigmatic processes in continental deep-subduction zones has been deduced from various records in the Dabie-Sulu rocks. By taking these rocks as the natural laboratory, earth scientists have made seminal contributions to understanding of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and continental collision. This paper outlines twelve aspects of outstanding progress, including spatial distribution of the UHP metamorphic rocks, timing of the UHP metamorphism, timescale of the UHP metamorphism, the protolith nature of deeply subducted continental crust, subduction erosion and crustal detachment during continental collision, the possible depths of continental subduction, fluid activity in the continental deep-subduction zone, partial melting during continental collision, element mobility in continental deep-subduction zone, recycling of subducted continental crust, geodynamic mechanism of postcollisional magmatism, and lithospheric architecture of collision orogen. Some intriguing questions and directions are also proposed for future studies.展开更多
Based on the concept of "active blocks" and spatial distribution of historical earthquakes with surface ruptures as well as major and subordinate active faults. The Sichuan-Yunnan region can be divided into ...Based on the concept of "active blocks" and spatial distribution of historical earthquakes with surface ruptures as well as major and subordinate active faults. The Sichuan-Yunnan region can be divided into four first-order blocks. They are the Markam block (I), the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block (II), Baoshan-Pu'er block (III), and Mizhina-Ximeng block (IV). Cut by sub-ordinate NE-trending active faults, the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block (II) can be further divided into two sub-blocks: the northwestern Sichuan sub-block (II1) and the middle Yunnan sub-block (II2), while the Baoshan- Pu'er block (III) can be further divided into three sub-blocks: Baoshan sub-block (III1), Jinggu sub-block (III2), and Mengla sub-block (III3). A quantitative study of offset landforms is carried out and the basic types of active faults and their long-term slip rates along the major boundaries of active blocks of different orders in the Sichuan-Yunnan region are determined, through slip vector analysis, the motion states of the active blocks are clarified and the deformation coordination on the block margins is discussed. It is suggested that the tectonic motion of the blocks in this region is a complex or superimposition of three basic types of motions: southeastward sliding, rotating on vertical axis, and uplifting. The Markam block (I), the northwestern Sichuan sub-block (II1), and middle Yunnan sub-block (II2) have a southeastward horizontal sliding rate of 1-5 mm/a, clockwise rotating angular rate of 1.4-4(/Ma, and uplifting rate of about 1 mm/a. The Baoshan-Pu'er (III) and Mizhina-Ximeng (IV) blocks have also been extensively clockwise rotated. This pattern of motion is a strain response to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates and the localized deformation and differential slip on the block margins associated with the northward motion of the Indian Plate. Because a set of transverse thrusts between the blocks absorbs and transforms some components of eastward or southeastward sliding motion, the eastward escape or 展开更多
AIM: To detect the expression of PTEN encoding productin normal mucosa, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia andcarcinoma of the stomach, and to investigate its clinicalimplication in tumorigenesis and progression of...AIM: To detect the expression of PTEN encoding productin normal mucosa, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia andcarcinoma of the stomach, and to investigate its clinicalimplication in tumorigenesis and progression of gastriccarcinoma.METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens from184 cases of gastric carcinoma, their adjacent normal mucosa,IM and dysplasia were evaluated for PTEN protein expressionby SABC immunohistochemistry. PTEN expression wascompared with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, Lauren'sand WHO's histological classification of gastric carcinoma.Expression of VEGF was also detected in 60 cases of gastriccarcinoma and its correlation with PTEN was concerned.RESULTS: The positive rates of PTEN protein were 100 %(102/102), 98.5 %(65/66), 66.7 % (4/6) and 47.8 %(88/184)in normal mucosa, IM, dysplasia and carcinoma of the stomach,respectively. The positive rates in dysplasia and carcinomawere lower than in normal mucosa and IM (P＜0.01).Advanced gastric cancers expressed less frequent PTEN thanearly gastric cancer (42.9 % v567.6 %, P＜0.01). The positiverate of PTEN protein was lower in gastric cancer with thanwithout lymph node metastasis (40.3 % v563.3 %, P＜0.01).PTEN was less expressed in diffuse-type than in intestinal-type gastric cancer (41.5 % v557.8 %,P＜0.05). Signet ringcell carcinoma showed the expression of PTEN at the lowestlevel (25.0 %, 7/28); less than well and moderatelydifferentiated ones (P＜0.01). Expression of PTEN was notcorrelated with expression of VEGF (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Loss or reduced expression of PTEN proteinoccures commonly in tumorigenesis and progression of gastriccarcinoma. It is suggested that PTEN can be an objective markerfor pathologically biological behaviors of gastric carcinoma.展开更多
Objective： In this study,we aimed to estimate the updated incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer based on the cancer registration data in 2014,collected by the National Central Cancer Registry of China（NCCRC...Objective： In this study,we aimed to estimate the updated incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer based on the cancer registration data in 2014,collected by the National Central Cancer Registry of China（NCCRC）.Methods： In 2017,339 registries＇ data were qualified based on the criteria of data quality control of the NCCRC.Cases of stomach cancer were retrieved from the national database.We estimated numbers of stomach cancer cases and deaths in China using age-specific rates and corresponding national population stratified by area,sex,agegroup（0,1–4,5–9,10–14,…,85＋）.Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi＇s world population were applied for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.Results： In 2014,410,400 new stomach cancer cases and 293,800 cancer-associated deaths were estimated to have occurred in China.The crude incidence rate of stomach cancer was 30.00/100,000,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population（ASIRC） and by world standard population（ASIRW） were 19.62/100,000 and19.51/100,000,respectively.The crude mortality rate of stomach cancer was 21.48/100,000,age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese（ASMRC） and by world standard population（ASMRW） were 13.44/100,000 and13.30/100,000,respectively.Incidence and mortality rates in rural areas were both higher than that in urban areas.Stomach cancer has a strong relationship with gender and age.The disease has occurred more frequently among men than women with a male to female ratio of 2.4 for ASIRC.After age group of 40-44 years,incidence rates are substantially higher in men than in women,same pattern was seen for age-specific mortality rates.Conclusions： There is still a heavy burden of stomach cancer in China.The incidence and mortality patterns of stomach cancer show substantial gender and regional disparities.Great effort is needed to provide more accessible health services,sufficient financial resources,and adequate cancer-care infrastructure for the Chinese population,espec展开更多
In this paper, the third-generation wave model WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ （WW3） was used to simulate the wave field of the East China Sea and South China Sea from January 1988 to December 2009, with wind input of CCMP wind field....In this paper, the third-generation wave model WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ （WW3） was used to simulate the wave field of the East China Sea and South China Sea from January 1988 to December 2009, with wind input of CCMP wind field. Then, the wind energy density and wave energy density were calculated by using the simulated 22-years＇ wave-field data and CCMP data. By synthetically considering the size of energy density, the frequency of energy level and the stability of energy density, the resources of wind energy and wave energy in the East China Sea and South China Sea were analyzed and regionalized. The result can be a guide to searching location of wind ＆ wave power plant.展开更多
Spatiotemporal variations of Chinese Loess Plateau vegetation cover during 1981-2006 have been investigated using GIMMS and SPOT VGT NDVI data and the cause of vegetation cover changes has been analyzed, considering t...Spatiotemporal variations of Chinese Loess Plateau vegetation cover during 1981-2006 have been investigated using GIMMS and SPOT VGT NDVI data and the cause of vegetation cover changes has been analyzed, considering the climate changes and human activities. Vegetation cover changes on the Loess Plateau have experienced four stages as follows: (1) vegetation cover showed a continued increasing phase during 1981―1989; (2) vegetation cover changes came into a relative steady phase with small fluctuations during 1990―1998; (3) vegetation cover declined rapidly during 1999―2001; and (4) vegetation cover increased rapidly during 2002―2006. The vegetation cover changes of the Loess Plateau show a notable spatial difference. The vegetation cover has obviously increased in the Inner Mongolia and Ningxia plain along the Yellow River and the ecological rehabilitated region of Ordos Plateau, however the vegetation cover evidently decreased in the hilly and gully areas of Loess Plateau, Liupan Mountains region and the northern hillside of Qinling Mountains. The response of NDVI to climate changes varied with different vegetation types. NDVI of sandy land vegetation, grassland and cultivated land show a significant increasing trend, but forest shows a decreasing trend. The results obtained in this study show that the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover are the outcome of climate changes and human activities. Temperature is a control factor of the seasonal change of vegetation growth. The increased temperature makes soil drier and unfavors vegetation growth in summer, but it favors vegetation growth in spring and autumn because of a longer growing period. There is a significant correlation between vegetation cover and precipitation and thus, the change in precipitation is an important factor for vegetation variation. The improved agricultural production has resulted in an increase of NDVI in the farmland, and the implementation of large-scale vegetation construction has led to some beneficial effect in ecology展开更多
Objective： To descript the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer among Chinese population in 2011, and provide valuable data for oral cancer prevention and research. Methods： Data from 177 population-based ca...Objective： To descript the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer among Chinese population in 2011, and provide valuable data for oral cancer prevention and research. Methods： Data from 177 population-based cancer registries distributed in 28 provinces were accepted for this study after evaluation based on quality control criteria, covering a total of 175,310,169 populations and accounting for 13.01% of the overall national population in 2011. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by area, gender and age groups. The numbers of new cases and deaths were estimated using the 5-year age-specific cancer incidence/mortality rates and the corresponding populations. The Chinese population in 2000 and World Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized rates. Results： The estimate of new cases diagnosed with oral cancer was 39,450 including 26,160 males and 13,290 females. The overall crude incidence rate for oral cancer was 2.93/100,000. The age-standardized rates by China （ASRcN） population and by World population （ASRwld） were 2.22/100,000 and 2.17/100,000, respectively. Among subjects aged 0-74 years, the cumulative incidence rate was 0.25%. The estimated number of oral cancer deaths of China in 2011 was 16,933, including 11,794 males and 5,139 females. The overall crude mortality rate was 1.26/I00,000, accounting for 0.80% of all cancer deaths. The ASRcN and ASP^Id for mortality were 0.90/100,000 and 0.89/100,000, respectively. Among subjects aged 0-74 years, the cumulative mortality rate was 0.10%. The incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer were much higher in males and urban areas than in females and rural areas. In addition, the incidence and mortality rates were increased by the raising of ages. Conclusions： Results in the study may have important roles for oral cancer prevention and research. Although oral cancer burden of China is not high, we must pay attention to this malignancy as well. In addition, further researches need to be done for primary and secondary preventi展开更多
Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mor...Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 registries was of suicient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratiied by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates(ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population.Results: The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28/1,00,000(277.77/1,00,000 for males and 221.37/1,00,000 for females). The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population(ASRIC) and by the world standard population(ASRIW) were 186.34/1,00,000 and 182.76/1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0–74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for approximately 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all diferent between urban and rural areas and between males and females.Conclusions: The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data quality and representativeness of cancer regist展开更多
基金Acknowledgments We thank Drs Fengyong Liu and Sheng Luan at UC Berkeley, USA, for their discussion and help with the writing of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （no. 30225037, 30471991, 30570731）, National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （no. 2006CB503909, 2004CB518603）, the ＂111＂ Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （no. BK2004082, BK2006714）.
文摘Dysregulated expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in various tissues has been associated with a variety of diseases, including cancers. Here we demonstrate that miRNAs are present in the serum and plasma of humans and other animals such as mice, rats, bovine fetuses, calves, and horses. The levels of miRNAs in serum are stable, reproducible, and consistent among individuals of the same species. Employing Solexa, we sequenced all serum miRNAs of healthy Chinese subjects and found over 100 and 91 serum miRNAs in male and female subjects, respectively. We also identified specific expression patterns of serum miRNAs for lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and diabetes, providing evidence that serum miRNAs contain fingerprints for various diseases. Two non-small cell lung cancer-specific serum miRNAs obtained by Solexa were further validated in an independent trial of 75 healthy donors and 152 cancer patients, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Through these analyses, we conclude that serum miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the detection of various cancers and other diseases.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology (2014FY121100)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (201612M-2-004)
文摘Background： National Central Cancer Registry of China（NCCRC） updated nationwide cancer statistics using population-based cancer registry data in 2014 collected from all available cancer registries.Methods： In 2017, 449 cancer registries submitted cancer registry data in 2014, among which 339 registries＇ data met the criteria of quality control and were included in analysis. These cancer registries covered 288,243,347 population, accounting for about 21.07% of the national population in 2014. Numbers of nationwide new cancer cases and deaths were estimated using calculated incidence and mortality rates and corresponding national population stratified by area, sex, age group and cancer type. The world Segi＇s population was applied for agestandardized rates.Results： A total of 3,804,000 new cancer cases were diagnosed, the crude incidence rate was 278.07/100,000（301.67/100,000 in males, 253.29/100,000 in females） and the age-standardized incidence rate by world standard population（ASIRW） was 186.53/100,000. Calculated age-standardized incidence rate was higher in urban areas than in rural areas（191.6/100,000 vs. 179.2/100,000）. South China had the highest cancer incidence rate while Southwest China had the lowest incidence rate. Cancer incidence rate was higher in female for population between20 to 54 years but was higher in male for population younger than 20 years or over 54 years. A total of 2,296,000 cancer deaths were reported, the crude mortality rate was 167.89/100,000（207.24/100,000 in males,126.54/100,000 in females） and the age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population（ASMRW） was106.09/100,000. Calculated age-standardized mortality rate was higher in rural areas than in urban areas（110.3/100,000 vs. 102.5/100,000）. East China had the highest cancer mortality rate while North China had the lowest mortality rate. The mortality rate in male was higher than that in female. Common cancer types and major causes of cancer death differed between age group and se
文摘Objective： The National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） collected population-based cancer registration data in 20l 1 from all cancer registries. National cancer incidence and mortality were compiled and cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated. Methods： In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2011. All datasets were checked and evaluated based on the criteria of data quality from NCCR. Total 177 registries＇ data were qualified and compiled for cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratified by area （urban/rural）, gender, age group （0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14...85＋） and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population in 2011. All incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi＇s population expressed per 100,000 persons. Results： All 177 cancer registries （77 in urban and 100 in rural areas） covered 175,310,169 populations （98,341,507 in urban and 76,968,662 in rural areas）. The morphology verified cases （MV%） accounting for 70.14% and 2.44% of incident cases were identified through death certifications only （DCO%） with mortality to incidence ratio of 0.63. The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The incidence rate was 250.28/100,000 （males 277.77/100,000, females 221.37/100,000）, and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 186.34/100,000 and 182.76/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） of 21.20%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC in urban areas were 261.38/100,000 and 189.89/100,000 compared to 238.60/100,000 and 182.10/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 156.83/100,000 （194.88/100,000 in males and 116.81/100,000 in females）, the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standa
文摘Background： Population-based cancer registration data in 2012 from all available cancer registries were collected by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR）. NCCR estimated the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in China with compiled cancer incidence and mortality rates. Methods： In 2015, there were 261 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2012. All the data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality. Qualified data from 193 registries were used for cancer statistics analysis as national estimation. The pooled data were stratified by area （urban/rural）, gender, age group [0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, ..., 85＋] and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding national population in 2012. The Chinese census data in 2000 and Segi＇s population were applied for age-standardized rates. All the rates were expressed per 100,000 person-year. Results： Qualified 193 cancer registries （74 urban and 119 rural registries） covered 198,060,406 populations （100,450,109 in urban and 97,610,297 in rural areas）. The percentage of cases morphologically verified （NIV%） and death certificate-only cases （DCO%） were 69.13% and 2.38%, respectively, and the mortality to incidence rate ratio （M/I） was 0.62. A total of 3,586,200 new cancer cases and 2,186,600 cancer deaths were estimated in China in 2012. The incidence rate was 264.85/100,000 （289.30/100,000 in males, 239.15/100,000 in females）, the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 191.89/100,000 and 187.83/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 age years old） of 21.82%. The cancer incidence, ASIRC and ASIRW in urban areas were 277.17/100,000, 195.56/100,000 and 190.88/100,000 compared to 251.20/100,000, 187.10/100,000 and 183.91/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality was 161.49/ 100,000 （ 198.99/100,000 in
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2014FY121100)the National Natural Science Fund (Grant No. 81602931)
文摘Objective： To explore the cancer patterns in areas with different urbanization rates（URR） in China with data from 255 population-based cancer registries in 2013, collected by the National Central Cancer Registry（NCCR）.Methods： There were 347 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and deaths occurred in 2013 to NCCR.All those data were checked and evaluated based on the NCCR criteria of data quality, and qualified data from 255 registries were used for this analysis. According to the proportion of non-agricultural population, we divided cities/counties into 3 levels： high level, with URR equal to 70% and higher; median level, with URR between 30%and 70%; and low level, with URR equal to 30% and less. Cancer incidences and mortalities were calculated,stratified by gender and age groups in different areas. The national population of Fifth Census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were applied for age-standardized rates.Results： Qualified 255 cancer registries covered 226,494,490 populations. The percentage of cases morphologically verified（MV%） and death certificate-only cases（DCO%） were 68.04% and 1.74%, respectively,and the mortality to incidence rate ratio（M/I） was 0.62. A total of 644,487 new cancer cases and 399,275 cancer deaths from the 255 cancer registries were submitted to NCCR in 2013. The incidence rate was 284.55/100,000（314.06/100,000 in males, 254.19/100,000 in females）, and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population（ASIRC） and by world standard population（ASIRW） were 190.10/100,000 and 186.24/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate（0–74 age years old） of 21.60%. The cancer mortality was 176.28/100,000（219.03/100,000 in males, 132.30/100,000 in females）, and the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population（ASMRC） and by world standard population（ASMRW） were 110.91/100,000 and 109.92/100,000, and the cumulative mortality rate（0–74 age years old） was 12.43%. Low urbanization areas were high
基金supported by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (201302002,Clinical Trial NCT02200679)。
文摘This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.
文摘Objective： The National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） collected cancer registration data in 2009 from local cancer registries in 2012, and analyzed to describe cancer incidence and mortality in China. Methods： On basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR, data submitted from 104 registries were checked and evaluated. There were 72 registries＇ data qualified and accepted for cancer registry annual report in 2012. Descriptive analysis included incidence and mortality stratified by area （urban/rural）, sex, age group and cancer site. The top 10 common cancers in different groups, proportion and cumulative rates were also calculated. Chinese population census in 1982 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results： All 72 cancer registries covered a total of 85,470,522 population （57,489,009 in urban and 27,981,513 in rural areas）. The total new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 244,366 and 154,310, respectively. The morphology verified cases accounted for 67.23%, and 3.14% of incident cases only had information from death certifications. The crude incidence rate in Chinese cancer registration areas was 285.91/100,000 （males 317.97/100,000, females 253.09/100,000）, age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 146.87/100,000 and 191.72/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 age years old） of 22.08%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 303.39/100,000 and 150.31/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas, they were 249.98/100,000 and 139.68/100,000, respectively. The cancer mortality in Chinese cancer registration areas was 180.54/100,000 （224.20/100,000 in males and 135.85/100,000 in females）, age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC） and by world standard population （ASMRW） were 85.06/100,000 and 115.65/100,000, and the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 age years old） was 12.94%. The cancer mortal
文摘Objective：Population-based cancer registration data in 2010 were collected,evaluated and analyzed by the National Central Cancer Registry （NCCR） of China.Cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths were estimated.Methods：There wvere 219 cancer registries submitted cancer incidence and death data in 2010.All data were checked and evaluated on basis of the criteria of data quality from NCCR.Total 145 registries＇ data were qualified and accepted for cancer statistics in 2010.Pooled data were stratified by urban/rural,area,sex,age group and cancer site.Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-specific rates and national population.The top ten common cancers in different groups,proportion and cumulative rate were also calculated.Chinese census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/ mortality rates.Results：All 145 cancer registries （63 in urban and 82 in rural） covered a total of 158,403,248 population （92,433,739 in urban and 65,969,509 in rural areas）.The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,093,039 and 1,956,622 in 2010,respectively.The morphology verified cases （MV％） accounted for 67.11％ and 2.99％ of incident cases were identified through death certifications only （DCO％） with mortality to incidence ratio （M/I） of 0.61.The crude incidence rate was 235.23/100,000 （268.65/100,000 in males,200.21/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC,2000） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 184.58/100,000 and 181.49/100,000 with the cumulative incidence rate （0-74 years old） of 21.l 1％.The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.41/100,000 and 187.53/100,000 in urban areas whereas in rural areas,they were 213.71/100,000 and 181.10/100,000,respectively.The crude cancer mortality in China was 148.81/100,000 （186.37/100,000 in males and 109.42/100,000 in females）,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASMRC,2000�
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.90714001,90714004,90714008,90714009,91014006,91114206)
文摘A National Science Foundation of China （NSFC） major research project, Destruction of the North China Craton （NCC）, has been carried out in the past few years by Chinese scientists through an in-depth and systematic observations, experiments and theoretical analyses, with an emphasis on the spatio-temporal distribution of the NCC destruction, the structure of deep earth and shallow geological records of the craton evolution, the mechanism and dynamics of the craton destruction. From this work the foUowing conclusions can be drawn： （1） Significant spatial heterogeneity exists in the NCC lithospheric thickness and crustal structure, which constrains the scope of the NCC destruction. （2） The nature of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sub-continental lithospheric mantle （CLM） underneath the NCC is characterized in detail. In terms of water content, the late Mesozoic CLM was rich in water, but Cenozoic CLM was highly water deficient. （3） The correlation between magmatism and surface geological response confirms that the geological and tectonic evolution is governed by cratonic destruction processes. （4） Pacific subduction is the main dynamic factor that triggered the destruction of the NCC, which highlights the role of cratonic destruction in plate tectonics.
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX10103011 and 2017ZX10204401)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-009)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Research and Development Project(JCYJ20180504165549581 and JCYJ20170413141236903)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019T120147).
文摘The outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan,Hubei province,and rapidly spread to many provinces in China as well as other countries.Here we report the epidemiological,clinical,laboratory,and radiological characteristics,as well as potential biomarkers for predicting disease severity in 2019-nCoV-infected patients in Shenzhen,China.All 12 cases of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients developed pneumonia and half of them developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).The most common laboratory abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia,lymphopenia,decreased percentage of lymphocytes (LYM) and neutrophils (NEU),elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),and decreased CD8 count.The viral load of 2019-nCoV detected from patient respiratory tracts was positively linked to lung disease severity.ALB,LYM,LYM (%),LDH,NEU (%),and CRP were highly correlated to the acute lung injury.Age,viral load,lung injury score,and blood biochemistry indexes,albumin (ALB),CRP,LDH,LYM (%),LYM,and NEU (%),may be predictors of disease severity.Moreover,the Angiotensin Ⅱlevel in the plasma sample from 2019-nCoV infected patients was markedly elevated and linearly associated to viral load and lung injury.Our results suggest a number of potential diagnosis biomarkers and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs for potential repurposing treatment of 2019-nCoV infection.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81602931)Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2014FY121100)State Key Projects Specialized on Infectious Diseases(No.2012ZX10002008)
文摘Objective: Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers and major cause of cancer deaths in China,which accounts for over 50% of new cases and deaths worldwide.The systematic liver cancer statistics including of projection through 2030 could provide valuable information for prevention and control strategies in China,and experience for other countries.Methods: The burden of liver cancer in China in 2014 was estimated using 339 cancer registries’ data selected from Chinese National Cancer Center(NCC).Incident cases of 22 cancer registries were applied for temporal trends from 2000 to 2014.The burden of liver cancer through 2030 was projected using age-period-cohort model.Results: About 364,800 new cases of liver cancer(268,900 males and 95,900 females) occurred in China,and about 318,800 liver cancer deaths(233,500 males and 85,300 females) in 2014.Western regions of China had the highest incidence and mortality rates.Incidence and mortality rates decreased by about 2.3% and 2.6% per year during the period of 2000-2014,respectively,and would decrease by more than 44% between 2014 and 2030 in China.The young generation,particularly for those aged under 40 years,showed a faster down trend.Conclusions: Based on the analysis,incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer are expected to decrease through 2030,but the burden of liver cancer is still serious in China,especially in rural and western areas.Most cases of liver cancer in China can be prevented through vaccination and more prevention efforts should be focused on high risk groups.
基金the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-131) the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (Grant No. 40573011)
文摘The study of continental deep-subduction has been one of the forefront and core subjects to advance the plate tectonics theory in the twenty-first century. The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in China crops out the largest lithotectonic unit containing ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the world. Much of our understanding of the world's most enigmatic processes in continental deep-subduction zones has been deduced from various records in the Dabie-Sulu rocks. By taking these rocks as the natural laboratory, earth scientists have made seminal contributions to understanding of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and continental collision. This paper outlines twelve aspects of outstanding progress, including spatial distribution of the UHP metamorphic rocks, timing of the UHP metamorphism, timescale of the UHP metamorphism, the protolith nature of deeply subducted continental crust, subduction erosion and crustal detachment during continental collision, the possible depths of continental subduction, fluid activity in the continental deep-subduction zone, partial melting during continental collision, element mobility in continental deep-subduction zone, recycling of subducted continental crust, geodynamic mechanism of postcollisional magmatism, and lithospheric architecture of collision orogen. Some intriguing questions and directions are also proposed for future studies.
文摘Based on the concept of "active blocks" and spatial distribution of historical earthquakes with surface ruptures as well as major and subordinate active faults. The Sichuan-Yunnan region can be divided into four first-order blocks. They are the Markam block (I), the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block (II), Baoshan-Pu'er block (III), and Mizhina-Ximeng block (IV). Cut by sub-ordinate NE-trending active faults, the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block (II) can be further divided into two sub-blocks: the northwestern Sichuan sub-block (II1) and the middle Yunnan sub-block (II2), while the Baoshan- Pu'er block (III) can be further divided into three sub-blocks: Baoshan sub-block (III1), Jinggu sub-block (III2), and Mengla sub-block (III3). A quantitative study of offset landforms is carried out and the basic types of active faults and their long-term slip rates along the major boundaries of active blocks of different orders in the Sichuan-Yunnan region are determined, through slip vector analysis, the motion states of the active blocks are clarified and the deformation coordination on the block margins is discussed. It is suggested that the tectonic motion of the blocks in this region is a complex or superimposition of three basic types of motions: southeastward sliding, rotating on vertical axis, and uplifting. The Markam block (I), the northwestern Sichuan sub-block (II1), and middle Yunnan sub-block (II2) have a southeastward horizontal sliding rate of 1-5 mm/a, clockwise rotating angular rate of 1.4-4(/Ma, and uplifting rate of about 1 mm/a. The Baoshan-Pu'er (III) and Mizhina-Ximeng (IV) blocks have also been extensively clockwise rotated. This pattern of motion is a strain response to the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates and the localized deformation and differential slip on the block margins associated with the northward motion of the Indian Plate. Because a set of transverse thrusts between the blocks absorbs and transforms some components of eastward or southeastward sliding motion, the eastward escape or
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China No.30070845"Outstanding Research Training Program",Ministry of Education No.[1999] 2Science Foundation of Liaoning Education Bureau No.20121031
文摘AIM: To detect the expression of PTEN encoding productin normal mucosa, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia andcarcinoma of the stomach, and to investigate its clinicalimplication in tumorigenesis and progression of gastriccarcinoma.METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens from184 cases of gastric carcinoma, their adjacent normal mucosa,IM and dysplasia were evaluated for PTEN protein expressionby SABC immunohistochemistry. PTEN expression wascompared with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, Lauren'sand WHO's histological classification of gastric carcinoma.Expression of VEGF was also detected in 60 cases of gastriccarcinoma and its correlation with PTEN was concerned.RESULTS: The positive rates of PTEN protein were 100 %(102/102), 98.5 %(65/66), 66.7 % (4/6) and 47.8 %(88/184)in normal mucosa, IM, dysplasia and carcinoma of the stomach,respectively. The positive rates in dysplasia and carcinomawere lower than in normal mucosa and IM (P＜0.01).Advanced gastric cancers expressed less frequent PTEN thanearly gastric cancer (42.9 % v567.6 %, P＜0.01). The positiverate of PTEN protein was lower in gastric cancer with thanwithout lymph node metastasis (40.3 % v563.3 %, P＜0.01).PTEN was less expressed in diffuse-type than in intestinal-type gastric cancer (41.5 % v557.8 %,P＜0.05). Signet ringcell carcinoma showed the expression of PTEN at the lowestlevel (25.0 %, 7/28); less than well and moderatelydifferentiated ones (P＜0.01). Expression of PTEN was notcorrelated with expression of VEGF (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: Loss or reduced expression of PTEN proteinoccures commonly in tumorigenesis and progression of gastriccarcinoma. It is suggested that PTEN can be an objective markerfor pathologically biological behaviors of gastric carcinoma.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Young Talent Program (No.2016000021469 G189)Special Fund for Health Research in the Public Interest (No.201502001)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (No.2016-12M-2-004)
文摘Objective： In this study,we aimed to estimate the updated incidence and mortality rate of stomach cancer based on the cancer registration data in 2014,collected by the National Central Cancer Registry of China（NCCRC）.Methods： In 2017,339 registries＇ data were qualified based on the criteria of data quality control of the NCCRC.Cases of stomach cancer were retrieved from the national database.We estimated numbers of stomach cancer cases and deaths in China using age-specific rates and corresponding national population stratified by area,sex,agegroup（0,1–4,5–9,10–14,…,85＋）.Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi＇s world population were applied for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.Results： In 2014,410,400 new stomach cancer cases and 293,800 cancer-associated deaths were estimated to have occurred in China.The crude incidence rate of stomach cancer was 30.00/100,000,age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population（ASIRC） and by world standard population（ASIRW） were 19.62/100,000 and19.51/100,000,respectively.The crude mortality rate of stomach cancer was 21.48/100,000,age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese（ASMRC） and by world standard population（ASMRW） were 13.44/100,000 and13.30/100,000,respectively.Incidence and mortality rates in rural areas were both higher than that in urban areas.Stomach cancer has a strong relationship with gender and age.The disease has occurred more frequently among men than women with a male to female ratio of 2.4 for ASIRC.After age group of 40-44 years,incidence rates are substantially higher in men than in women,same pattern was seen for age-specific mortality rates.Conclusions： There is still a heavy burden of stomach cancer in China.The incidence and mortality patterns of stomach cancer show substantial gender and regional disparities.Great effort is needed to provide more accessible health services,sufficient financial resources,and adequate cancer-care infrastructure for the Chinese population,espec
基金supported by the National key basic research development program of China (Grant No. 2010CB950400)
文摘In this paper, the third-generation wave model WAVEWATCH-Ⅲ （WW3） was used to simulate the wave field of the East China Sea and South China Sea from January 1988 to December 2009, with wind input of CCMP wind field. Then, the wind energy density and wave energy density were calculated by using the simulated 22-years＇ wave-field data and CCMP data. By synthetically considering the size of energy density, the frequency of energy level and the stability of energy density, the resources of wind energy and wave energy in the East China Sea and South China Sea were analyzed and regionalized. The result can be a guide to searching location of wind ＆ wave power plant.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40671019)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Spatiotemporal variations of Chinese Loess Plateau vegetation cover during 1981-2006 have been investigated using GIMMS and SPOT VGT NDVI data and the cause of vegetation cover changes has been analyzed, considering the climate changes and human activities. Vegetation cover changes on the Loess Plateau have experienced four stages as follows: (1) vegetation cover showed a continued increasing phase during 1981―1989; (2) vegetation cover changes came into a relative steady phase with small fluctuations during 1990―1998; (3) vegetation cover declined rapidly during 1999―2001; and (4) vegetation cover increased rapidly during 2002―2006. The vegetation cover changes of the Loess Plateau show a notable spatial difference. The vegetation cover has obviously increased in the Inner Mongolia and Ningxia plain along the Yellow River and the ecological rehabilitated region of Ordos Plateau, however the vegetation cover evidently decreased in the hilly and gully areas of Loess Plateau, Liupan Mountains region and the northern hillside of Qinling Mountains. The response of NDVI to climate changes varied with different vegetation types. NDVI of sandy land vegetation, grassland and cultivated land show a significant increasing trend, but forest shows a decreasing trend. The results obtained in this study show that the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover are the outcome of climate changes and human activities. Temperature is a control factor of the seasonal change of vegetation growth. The increased temperature makes soil drier and unfavors vegetation growth in summer, but it favors vegetation growth in spring and autumn because of a longer growing period. There is a significant correlation between vegetation cover and precipitation and thus, the change in precipitation is an important factor for vegetation variation. The improved agricultural production has resulted in an increase of NDVI in the farmland, and the implementation of large-scale vegetation construction has led to some beneficial effect in ecology
文摘Objective： To descript the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer among Chinese population in 2011, and provide valuable data for oral cancer prevention and research. Methods： Data from 177 population-based cancer registries distributed in 28 provinces were accepted for this study after evaluation based on quality control criteria, covering a total of 175,310,169 populations and accounting for 13.01% of the overall national population in 2011. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by area, gender and age groups. The numbers of new cases and deaths were estimated using the 5-year age-specific cancer incidence/mortality rates and the corresponding populations. The Chinese population in 2000 and World Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized rates. Results： The estimate of new cases diagnosed with oral cancer was 39,450 including 26,160 males and 13,290 females. The overall crude incidence rate for oral cancer was 2.93/100,000. The age-standardized rates by China （ASRcN） population and by World population （ASRwld） were 2.22/100,000 and 2.17/100,000, respectively. Among subjects aged 0-74 years, the cumulative incidence rate was 0.25%. The estimated number of oral cancer deaths of China in 2011 was 16,933, including 11,794 males and 5,139 females. The overall crude mortality rate was 1.26/I00,000, accounting for 0.80% of all cancer deaths. The ASRcN and ASP^Id for mortality were 0.90/100,000 and 0.89/100,000, respectively. Among subjects aged 0-74 years, the cumulative mortality rate was 0.10%. The incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer were much higher in males and urban areas than in females and rural areas. In addition, the incidence and mortality rates were increased by the raising of ages. Conclusions： Results in the study may have important roles for oral cancer prevention and research. Although oral cancer burden of China is not high, we must pay attention to this malignancy as well. In addition, further researches need to be done for primary and secondary preventi
文摘Introduction: The National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR) of China collected population-based cancer registration data from all cancer registries in China. This study aimed to compile national cancer incidences and mortalities in 2011 and estimate cancer incident new cases and cancer deaths.Methods: In 2014, there were 234 cancer registries that submitted records of new cancer cases and cancer deaths that occurred in 2011 to the NCCR. All datasets were evaluated based on the criteria of data quality of the NCCR. The data of 177 registries was of suicient quality and was compiled to evaluate cancer statistics in 2011. The pooled data were stratiied by area, sex, age group, and cancer type. Cancer incident cases and deaths were estimated using age-standardized rates(ASR) and the Chinese population. All incidences and mortalities were age-standardized to the 2000 Chinese standard population and Segi's population.Results: The estimates of new cancer incident cases and cancer deaths were 3,372,175 and 2,113,048 in 2011, respectively. The crude incidence was 250.28/1,00,000(277.77/1,00,000 for males and 221.37/1,00,000 for females). The ASRs of incidence by the Chinese standard population(ASRIC) and by the world standard population(ASRIW) were 186.34/1,00,000 and 182.76/1,00,000, respectively, with a cumulative incidence(0–74 years old) of 21.20%. Cancers of the lung, female breast, stomach, liver, colorectum, esophagus, cervix, uterus, prostate, and ovary were the most common cancers, accounting for approximately 75% of all new cancer cases. Lung, liver, gastric, esophageal, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, brain, and cervical cancers and leukemia were the leading causes of cancer death, accounting for approximately 80% of all cancer deaths. Cancer incidence, mortality, and spectrum were all diferent between urban and rural areas and between males and females.Conclusions: The population covered by the cancer registries greatly increased from 2010 to 2011. The data quality and representativeness of cancer regist
