With the rapid advancement of quantum computing,hybrid quantum–classical machine learning has shown numerous potential applications at the current stage,with expectations of being achievable in the noisy intermediate...With the rapid advancement of quantum computing,hybrid quantum–classical machine learning has shown numerous potential applications at the current stage,with expectations of being achievable in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.Quantum reinforcement learning,as an indispensable study,has recently demonstrated its ability to solve standard benchmark environments with formally provable theoretical advantages over classical counterparts.However,despite the progress of quantum processors and the emergence of quantum computing clouds,implementing quantum reinforcement learning algorithms utilizing parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)on NISQ devices remains infrequent.In this work,we take the first step towards executing benchmark quantum reinforcement problems on real devices equipped with at most 136 qubits on the BAQIS Quafu quantum computing cloud.The experimental results demonstrate that the policy agents can successfully accomplish objectives under modified conditions in both the training and inference phases.Moreover,we design hardware-efficient PQC architectures in the quantum model using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and develop a learning algorithm that is adaptable to quantum devices.We hope that the Quafu-RL can be a guiding example to show how to realize machine learning tasks by taking advantage of quantum computers on the quantum cloud platform.展开更多
We introduce Quafu-Qcover,an open-source cloud-based software package developed for solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum simulators and hardware backends.Quafu-Qcover provides a standardized and c...We introduce Quafu-Qcover,an open-source cloud-based software package developed for solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum simulators and hardware backends.Quafu-Qcover provides a standardized and comprehensive workflow that utilizes the quantum approximate optimization algorithm(QAOA).It facilitates the automatic conversion of the original problem into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization(QUBO)model and its corresponding Ising model,which can be subsequently transformed into a weight graph.The core of Qcover relies on a graph decomposition-based classical algorithm,which efficiently derives the optimal parameters for the shallow QAOA circuit.Quafu-Qcover incorporates a dedicated compiler capable of translating QAOA circuits into physical quantum circuits that can be executed on Quafu cloud quantum computers.Compared to a general-purpose compiler,our compiler demonstrates the ability to generate shorter circuit depths,while also exhibiting superior speed performance.Additionally,the Qcover compiler has the capability to dynamically create a library of qubits coupling substructures in real-time,utilizing the most recent calibration data from the superconducting quantum devices.This ensures that computational tasks can be assigned to connected physical qubits with the highest fidelity.The Quafu-Qcover allows us to retrieve quantum computing sampling results using a task ID at any time,enabling asynchronous processing.Moreover,it incorporates modules for results preprocessing and visualization,facilitating an intuitive display of solutions for combinatorial optimization problems.We hope that Quafu-Qcover can serve as an instructive illustration for how to explore application problems on the Quafu cloud quantum computers.展开更多
为了进一步改善羰基铁低频吸波性能,本文采用溶胶凝胶法和高能球磨法制备了BaTiO_3表面改性羰基铁的复合吸波剂,并通过X射线衍射仪、SEM、EDS和矢量网络分析仪等手段对复合吸波剂的微观形貌,结构组成和吸波性能进行了分析和研究。结果表...为了进一步改善羰基铁低频吸波性能,本文采用溶胶凝胶法和高能球磨法制备了BaTiO_3表面改性羰基铁的复合吸波剂,并通过X射线衍射仪、SEM、EDS和矢量网络分析仪等手段对复合吸波剂的微观形貌,结构组成和吸波性能进行了分析和研究。结果表明:随球磨时间的增加,BaTiO_3与羰基铁的结合形式由混合变为表面吸附,介电常数显著增大,磁导率略微增加,低频段阻抗匹配性能及电磁波衰减能力得到提升。当球磨时间为2 h复合吸波剂在3.2 GHz处反射率达到-15.5 d B。通过BaTiO_3对羰基铁表面改性能够调节介电常数并显著提升材料的低频吸波性能。展开更多
目的观察CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)及钙联蛋白(CNX)在内侧颞叶癫痫小鼠海马区域中表达的时间和空间分布。方法采用海人酸(KA)诱导内侧颞叶癫痫小鼠模型,免疫印迹和免疫荧光技术检测CHOP和CNX在急性期(12、24 h)小鼠海马CA3区...目的观察CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)及钙联蛋白(CNX)在内侧颞叶癫痫小鼠海马区域中表达的时间和空间分布。方法采用海人酸(KA)诱导内侧颞叶癫痫小鼠模型,免疫印迹和免疫荧光技术检测CHOP和CNX在急性期(12、24 h)小鼠海马CA3区的表达量及分布差异,并与注射PBS的正常小鼠进行对照。结果免疫印迹检测结果显示,KA注射后12 h小鼠海马中的CHOP(F=1.136,P=0.4069)和CNX表达量(F=2.378,P=0.2087)与对照组差异没有统计学意义,KA注射后24 h注射侧海马中的CHOP(F=8.510,P=0.0362)和CNX表达量(F=6.968,P=0.0497)明显高于对照组。免疫荧光结果显示,KA注射后12 h CHOP的表达主要集中于CA3区,注射后24 h在CA1和CA3区表达水平均升高;KA注射后24 h CHOP蛋白(F=24.480,P=0.0057)和CNX蛋白(F=7.149,P=0.0478)的表达量显著高于对照组。结论伴随着癫痫发作的产生,CHOP蛋白表达量上升,提示神经元内质网应激水平不断增加,可能需要更多CNX作为分子伴侣帮助更多未折叠蛋白完成折叠过程。展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the influence of E2F-1 on the growth of human gastric cancer(GC) cells in vivo and the mechanism involved. METHODS: E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors were injected into xenograft tumors of MGC-803 ...AIM: To evaluate the influence of E2F-1 on the growth of human gastric cancer(GC) cells in vivo and the mechanism involved. METHODS: E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors were injected into xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells in nude mice, and then tumor growth was investigated. Overexpression of transcription factor E2F-1 was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis. Apoptosis rates were determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Expression levels of certain cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax, survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, S-phase kinaseassociated protein 2, and c-Myc were examined by Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells in nude mice injected with E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors stably overexpressed the E2F-1 gene as measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR(relative m RNA expression: 0.10 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.02 for control vector and 0.06 ± 0.03 for no infection; both P < 0.01) and Western blotting(relative protein expression: 1.90 ± 0.05 vs 1.10 ± 0.03 in control vector infected and 1.11 ± 0.02 for no infection; both P < 0.01). The growth-curve of tumor volumes revealed that infection with E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors significantly inhibited the growth of human GC xenografts(2.81 ± 1.02 vs 6.18 ± 1.15 in control vector infected and 5.87 ± 1.23 with no infection; both P < 0.05) at 15 d after treatment. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that E2F-1 overexpression promoted tumor cell apoptosis(18.6% ± 2.3% vs 6.7% ± 1.2% in control vector infected 6.3% ± 1.2% for no infection; both P < 0.05). Furthermore, lentiviral vector-mediated E2F-1 overexpression increased theexpression of Bax and suppressed survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, Skp2, and c-Myc expression in tumor tissue.CONCLUSION: E2F-1 inhibits growth of GC cells via regulating multiple signaling pathways, and may play an important role in targeted therapy for GC.展开更多
Conductive polymer composites(CPCs)are widely used in the field of organic electronics as the material basis of high-performance devices,due to their obvious advantages including electrical conductivity,lightness,proc...Conductive polymer composites(CPCs)are widely used in the field of organic electronics as the material basis of high-performance devices,due to their obvious advantages including electrical conductivity,lightness,processability and so on.Research on CPCs has focused on the enhancement of their electrical features and the exploration of their application prospects from conventional fields to heated emerging areas like flexible,stretchable,wearable,biological and biomedical electronics,where their mechanical properties are quite critical to determine their practical device performances.Also,a main challenge to ensure their safety and reliability is on the synergistic enhancement of their electrical behavior and mechanical properties.Herein,we systematically review the research progress of CPCs with different conductive fillers(metals and their oxides,carbon-based materials,intrinsically conductive polymers,MXenes,etc.)relying on rich material forms(hydrogel,aerogel,fiber,film,elastomer,etc.)in terms of mechanical property regulation strategies,mainly relying on optimized composite material systems and processing techniques.A summary and prospective overview of current issues and future developments in this field also has been presented.展开更多
Water curtain systems(WCSs)are key components for the operation of underground oil storage caverns(UOSCs)and their optimization and design are important areas of research.Based on the time series monitoring of the fir...Water curtain systems(WCSs)are key components for the operation of underground oil storage caverns(UOSCs)and their optimization and design are important areas of research.Based on the time series monitoring of the first large-scale underground water-sealed storage cavern project in China,and on finite element analysis,this study explores the optimum design criteria for WCSs in water-sealed oil caverns.It shows that the optimal hole spacing of the WCS for this underground storage cavern is 10 m in order to ensure seal effectiveness.When the WCS is designed with a 10-m horizontal hole spacing and a water curtain pressure(WCP)of 80 kPa,a water curtain hole(WCH)has an influence radius of approximately 25 m.The smaller the vertical distance is between a WCH and the main cavern,the greater the water inflow into the main cavern.The vertical hydraulic gradient criterion can be satisfied when this distance is 25 m.It shows that the optimal WCP is 70 kPa,which meets sealing requirements.展开更多
This paper designs energy management system of the super capacitance in parallel hybrid electric vehicle,through dynamic instantaneous optimal control strategy,ameliorate the comprehensive efficiency of hybrid system,...This paper designs energy management system of the super capacitance in parallel hybrid electric vehicle,through dynamic instantaneous optimal control strategy,ameliorate the comprehensive efficiency of hybrid system,improve the vehicle fuel economy.Simulated using software matlab6.5 / advisor2002 modeling simulation and verify,which indicates that the super capacitor hybrid huge market prospects and practical significance.展开更多
【目的】基于Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号传导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路探讨大承气汤对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肠道的保护作用。【方法】采用3.5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管内注射制备SAP大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、JAK2...【目的】基于Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号传导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路探讨大承气汤对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肠道的保护作用。【方法】采用3.5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管内注射制备SAP大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、JAK2抑制剂组(术前2 h给予鲁索替尼灌胃)、STAT3抑制剂组(术前2 h给予Stattic腹腔注射)、大承气汤组(术前2 h给予大承气汤灌胃),另设假手术组(逆行胆胰管内注射生理盐水);再将各组大鼠分为造模后3、6、12、18 h亚组。采用苏木素-伊红染色观察末端回肠组织的病理改变,逆转录-定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测回肠组织JAK2 mRNA、STAT3mRNA表达,蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法检测回肠组织p-JAK2蛋白、p-STAT3蛋白表达。【结果】SAP大鼠肠组织病理损害严重,JAK2 mRNA、STAT3 m RNA、p-JAK2蛋白和p-STAT3蛋白过度表达;大承气汤、JAK2抑制剂和STAT3抑制剂可明显保护肠道结构,抑制JAK2 m RNA、STAT3 m RNA、p-JAK2蛋白和p-STAT3蛋白过度表达。【结论】活化的JAK2/STAT3通路在SAP肠损害中起重要作用。大承气汤可能通过抑制活化的JAK2/STAT3通路保护SAP大鼠肠道。展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciencessupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92365206)+2 种基金the support of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Certificate Number:2023M740272)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12247168)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Certificate Number:2022TQ0036)。
文摘With the rapid advancement of quantum computing,hybrid quantum–classical machine learning has shown numerous potential applications at the current stage,with expectations of being achievable in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ)era.Quantum reinforcement learning,as an indispensable study,has recently demonstrated its ability to solve standard benchmark environments with formally provable theoretical advantages over classical counterparts.However,despite the progress of quantum processors and the emergence of quantum computing clouds,implementing quantum reinforcement learning algorithms utilizing parameterized quantum circuits(PQCs)on NISQ devices remains infrequent.In this work,we take the first step towards executing benchmark quantum reinforcement problems on real devices equipped with at most 136 qubits on the BAQIS Quafu quantum computing cloud.The experimental results demonstrate that the policy agents can successfully accomplish objectives under modified conditions in both the training and inference phases.Moreover,we design hardware-efficient PQC architectures in the quantum model using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and develop a learning algorithm that is adaptable to quantum devices.We hope that the Quafu-RL can be a guiding example to show how to realize machine learning tasks by taking advantage of quantum computers on the quantum cloud platform.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92365206)the support of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Certificate Number:2023M740272)+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12247168)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Certificate Number:2022TQ0036)。
文摘We introduce Quafu-Qcover,an open-source cloud-based software package developed for solving combinatorial optimization problems using quantum simulators and hardware backends.Quafu-Qcover provides a standardized and comprehensive workflow that utilizes the quantum approximate optimization algorithm(QAOA).It facilitates the automatic conversion of the original problem into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization(QUBO)model and its corresponding Ising model,which can be subsequently transformed into a weight graph.The core of Qcover relies on a graph decomposition-based classical algorithm,which efficiently derives the optimal parameters for the shallow QAOA circuit.Quafu-Qcover incorporates a dedicated compiler capable of translating QAOA circuits into physical quantum circuits that can be executed on Quafu cloud quantum computers.Compared to a general-purpose compiler,our compiler demonstrates the ability to generate shorter circuit depths,while also exhibiting superior speed performance.Additionally,the Qcover compiler has the capability to dynamically create a library of qubits coupling substructures in real-time,utilizing the most recent calibration data from the superconducting quantum devices.This ensures that computational tasks can be assigned to connected physical qubits with the highest fidelity.The Quafu-Qcover allows us to retrieve quantum computing sampling results using a task ID at any time,enabling asynchronous processing.Moreover,it incorporates modules for results preprocessing and visualization,facilitating an intuitive display of solutions for combinatorial optimization problems.We hope that Quafu-Qcover can serve as an instructive illustration for how to explore application problems on the Quafu cloud quantum computers.
文摘为了进一步改善羰基铁低频吸波性能,本文采用溶胶凝胶法和高能球磨法制备了BaTiO_3表面改性羰基铁的复合吸波剂,并通过X射线衍射仪、SEM、EDS和矢量网络分析仪等手段对复合吸波剂的微观形貌,结构组成和吸波性能进行了分析和研究。结果表明:随球磨时间的增加,BaTiO_3与羰基铁的结合形式由混合变为表面吸附,介电常数显著增大,磁导率略微增加,低频段阻抗匹配性能及电磁波衰减能力得到提升。当球磨时间为2 h复合吸波剂在3.2 GHz处反射率达到-15.5 d B。通过BaTiO_3对羰基铁表面改性能够调节介电常数并显著提升材料的低频吸波性能。
文摘目的观察CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)及钙联蛋白(CNX)在内侧颞叶癫痫小鼠海马区域中表达的时间和空间分布。方法采用海人酸(KA)诱导内侧颞叶癫痫小鼠模型,免疫印迹和免疫荧光技术检测CHOP和CNX在急性期(12、24 h)小鼠海马CA3区的表达量及分布差异,并与注射PBS的正常小鼠进行对照。结果免疫印迹检测结果显示,KA注射后12 h小鼠海马中的CHOP(F=1.136,P=0.4069)和CNX表达量(F=2.378,P=0.2087)与对照组差异没有统计学意义,KA注射后24 h注射侧海马中的CHOP(F=8.510,P=0.0362)和CNX表达量(F=6.968,P=0.0497)明显高于对照组。免疫荧光结果显示,KA注射后12 h CHOP的表达主要集中于CA3区,注射后24 h在CA1和CA3区表达水平均升高;KA注射后24 h CHOP蛋白(F=24.480,P=0.0057)和CNX蛋白(F=7.149,P=0.0478)的表达量显著高于对照组。结论伴随着癫痫发作的产生,CHOP蛋白表达量上升,提示神经元内质网应激水平不断增加,可能需要更多CNX作为分子伴侣帮助更多未折叠蛋白完成折叠过程。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30860273 and No.81060201Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,No.2011GXNSFA018273 and No.2013GX NSFAA019163the Key Health Science Project of Guangxi,No.Key1298003-2-6
文摘AIM: To evaluate the influence of E2F-1 on the growth of human gastric cancer(GC) cells in vivo and the mechanism involved. METHODS: E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors were injected into xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells in nude mice, and then tumor growth was investigated. Overexpression of transcription factor E2F-1 was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis. Apoptosis rates were determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Expression levels of certain cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-related proteins, such as Bax, survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, S-phase kinaseassociated protein 2, and c-Myc were examined by Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells in nude mice injected with E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors stably overexpressed the E2F-1 gene as measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR(relative m RNA expression: 0.10 ± 0.02 vs 0.05 ± 0.02 for control vector and 0.06 ± 0.03 for no infection; both P < 0.01) and Western blotting(relative protein expression: 1.90 ± 0.05 vs 1.10 ± 0.03 in control vector infected and 1.11 ± 0.02 for no infection; both P < 0.01). The growth-curve of tumor volumes revealed that infection with E2F-1 recombinant lentiviral vectors significantly inhibited the growth of human GC xenografts(2.81 ± 1.02 vs 6.18 ± 1.15 in control vector infected and 5.87 ± 1.23 with no infection; both P < 0.05) at 15 d after treatment. TUNEL analysis demonstrated that E2F-1 overexpression promoted tumor cell apoptosis(18.6% ± 2.3% vs 6.7% ± 1.2% in control vector infected 6.3% ± 1.2% for no infection; both P < 0.05). Furthermore, lentiviral vector-mediated E2F-1 overexpression increased theexpression of Bax and suppressed survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, Skp2, and c-Myc expression in tumor tissue.CONCLUSION: E2F-1 inhibits growth of GC cells via regulating multiple signaling pathways, and may play an important role in targeted therapy for GC.
基金This work was financially supported by the Academic Development Project of TongXin Funds(No.2024161804).
文摘Conductive polymer composites(CPCs)are widely used in the field of organic electronics as the material basis of high-performance devices,due to their obvious advantages including electrical conductivity,lightness,processability and so on.Research on CPCs has focused on the enhancement of their electrical features and the exploration of their application prospects from conventional fields to heated emerging areas like flexible,stretchable,wearable,biological and biomedical electronics,where their mechanical properties are quite critical to determine their practical device performances.Also,a main challenge to ensure their safety and reliability is on the synergistic enhancement of their electrical behavior and mechanical properties.Herein,we systematically review the research progress of CPCs with different conductive fillers(metals and their oxides,carbon-based materials,intrinsically conductive polymers,MXenes,etc.)relying on rich material forms(hydrogel,aerogel,fiber,film,elastomer,etc.)in terms of mechanical property regulation strategies,mainly relying on optimized composite material systems and processing techniques.A summary and prospective overview of current issues and future developments in this field also has been presented.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41877239, 51379112, 51422904, 40902084, and 41772298)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2018JC044)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. JQ201513),China。
文摘Water curtain systems(WCSs)are key components for the operation of underground oil storage caverns(UOSCs)and their optimization and design are important areas of research.Based on the time series monitoring of the first large-scale underground water-sealed storage cavern project in China,and on finite element analysis,this study explores the optimum design criteria for WCSs in water-sealed oil caverns.It shows that the optimal hole spacing of the WCS for this underground storage cavern is 10 m in order to ensure seal effectiveness.When the WCS is designed with a 10-m horizontal hole spacing and a water curtain pressure(WCP)of 80 kPa,a water curtain hole(WCH)has an influence radius of approximately 25 m.The smaller the vertical distance is between a WCH and the main cavern,the greater the water inflow into the main cavern.The vertical hydraulic gradient criterion can be satisfied when this distance is 25 m.It shows that the optimal WCP is 70 kPa,which meets sealing requirements.
文摘This paper designs energy management system of the super capacitance in parallel hybrid electric vehicle,through dynamic instantaneous optimal control strategy,ameliorate the comprehensive efficiency of hybrid system,improve the vehicle fuel economy.Simulated using software matlab6.5 / advisor2002 modeling simulation and verify,which indicates that the super capacitor hybrid huge market prospects and practical significance.
文摘【目的】基于Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号传导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路探讨大承气汤对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肠道的保护作用。【方法】采用3.5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管内注射制备SAP大鼠模型。将造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组、JAK2抑制剂组(术前2 h给予鲁索替尼灌胃)、STAT3抑制剂组(术前2 h给予Stattic腹腔注射)、大承气汤组(术前2 h给予大承气汤灌胃),另设假手术组(逆行胆胰管内注射生理盐水);再将各组大鼠分为造模后3、6、12、18 h亚组。采用苏木素-伊红染色观察末端回肠组织的病理改变,逆转录-定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测回肠组织JAK2 mRNA、STAT3mRNA表达,蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法检测回肠组织p-JAK2蛋白、p-STAT3蛋白表达。【结果】SAP大鼠肠组织病理损害严重,JAK2 mRNA、STAT3 m RNA、p-JAK2蛋白和p-STAT3蛋白过度表达;大承气汤、JAK2抑制剂和STAT3抑制剂可明显保护肠道结构,抑制JAK2 m RNA、STAT3 m RNA、p-JAK2蛋白和p-STAT3蛋白过度表达。【结论】活化的JAK2/STAT3通路在SAP肠损害中起重要作用。大承气汤可能通过抑制活化的JAK2/STAT3通路保护SAP大鼠肠道。
