In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The m...In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources.The paper provides a detailed description of:(1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload;(2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.展开更多
Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality, and for improving the management of patients with gastric cancer(GC). Blood-based biomarker assay...Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality, and for improving the management of patients with gastric cancer(GC). Blood-based biomarker assays for the detection of early-stage GC could be of great relevance both for population-wide or risk groupbased screening programs, while circulating biomarkers that reflect the genetic make-up and dynamics of the tumor would allow monitoring of treatment efficacy, predict recurrences and assess the genetic heterogeneity of the tumor. Recent research to identify blood-based biomarkers of GC has resulted in the identification of a wide variety of cancer-associated molecules, including various proteins, autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens, cell-free DNA fragments, m RNAs and various non-coding RNAs, circulating tumor cells and cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Each type of these biomarkers provides different information on the disease status, has different advantages and disadvantages, and distinct clinical usefulness. In the current review, we summarize the recent developments in blood-based GC biomarker discovery, discuss the origin of various types of biomarkers and their clinical usefulness and the technological challenges in the development of biomarker assays for clinical use.展开更多
We read with interest the recent systematic reviewaArtificial intelligence and machine learning for hemorrhagic trauma careoby Peng et al.[1],which evaluated literature on machine learning(ML)in the management of trau...We read with interest the recent systematic reviewaArtificial intelligence and machine learning for hemorrhagic trauma careoby Peng et al.[1],which evaluated literature on machine learning(ML)in the management of traumatic haemorrhage.We thank the authors for their contribution to the role of ML in trauma.展开更多
BACKGROUND Risk stratification for patients with gastric precancerous lesions for endoscopic surveillance remains controversial.AIM To analysis of patients having developed gastric adenocarcinoma during the period of ...BACKGROUND Risk stratification for patients with gastric precancerous lesions for endoscopic surveillance remains controversial.AIM To analysis of patients having developed gastric adenocarcinoma during the period of follow-up.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on patients having undergone upper endoscopy prior to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. The presence and stage of precancerous lesions as well as subtype of intestinal metaplasia at the baseline endoscopy got evaluated. Literature mini-review was performed.RESULTS Out of 1681 subjects in the Biobank, gastric adenocarcinoma was detected in five cases in whom previous endoscopy data with biopsies either from the corpus or antral part were available. All of the patients had incomplete intestinal metaplasia during the baseline endoscopy;all three subjects in whom intestinal metaplasia subtyping was performed according to Filipe et al, had Type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia. Two of the five cases had low Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment(OLGA) and Operative Link on Gastritis Intestinal Metaplasia Assessment(OLGIM) stages(Ⅰ-Ⅱ) at the baseline.CONCLUSION The presence of incomplete intestinal metaplasia, in particular, that of Type Ⅲ is a better predictor for gastric adenocarcinoma development than OLGA/OLGIM staging system. Subtyping of intestinal metaplasia have an important role in the risk stratification for surveillance decisions.展开更多
3D reconstruction of fruit is important as a key component of fruit grading and an important part of many size estimation pipelines.Like many computer vision challenges,the 3D reconstruction task suffers from a lack o...3D reconstruction of fruit is important as a key component of fruit grading and an important part of many size estimation pipelines.Like many computer vision challenges,the 3D reconstruction task suffers from a lack of readily available training data in most domains,with methods typically depending on large datasets of high-quality image-model pairs.In this paper,we propose an unsupervised domain-adaptation approach to 3D reconstruction where labelled images only exist in our source synthetic domain,and training is supplemented with different unlabelled datasets from the target real domain.We approach the problem of 3D reconstruction using volumetric regression and produce a training set of 25,000 pairs of images and volumes using hand-crafted 3D models of bananas rendered in a 3D modelling environment(Blender).Each image is then enhanced by a GAN to more closely match the domain of photographs of real images by introducing a volumetric consistency loss,improving performance of 3D reconstruction on real images.Our solution harnesses the cost benefits of synthetic data while still maintaining good performance on real world images.We focus this work on the task of 3D banana reconstruction from a single image,representing a common task in plant phenotyping,but this approach is general and may be adapted to any 3D reconstruction task including other plant species and organs.展开更多
Over the last decade,practical digital control of high-frequency switched-mode power converters has moved from proof-of-concept demonstrations to controller chips commercially available from multiple vendors,with appl...Over the last decade,practical digital control of high-frequency switched-mode power converters has moved from proof-of-concept demonstrations to controller chips commercially available from multiple vendors,with applica-tions to point-of-load and isolated DC/DC converters,microprocessor power supplies,power-factor-correction rectifiers,and others.This paper summarizes some of the advances in the area,including approaches to realizations of high-per-formance,high-frequency digital pulse-width modulated(DPWM) controllers,related analysis,modeling and design techniques,as well as performance gains enabled by digital control such as dynamic response and efficiency improve-ments.Examples of experimentally demonstrated results are presented,together with pointers to areas of current and future research and development.展开更多
Pharmaceutical companies that produce gastrointestinal(GI)medications often utilize phthalates for their ability to localize medication release.Commonly prescribed GI medications that may utilize phthalates are 5-Amin...Pharmaceutical companies that produce gastrointestinal(GI)medications often utilize phthalates for their ability to localize medication release.Commonly prescribed GI medications that may utilize phthalates are 5-Aminosalicylates,proton pump inhibitors,and pancreatic enzymes.Our understanding of the cumulative health effects of phthalates from medications remains unclear,and there is increasing evidence that phthalates are not harmless.Experimental studies in animals have shown that phthalates,specifically dibutyl phthalate and Di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate,have the potential to alter and/or inhibit reproductive biology and in utero development.Despite the lack of definitive human data,many cohort and cross-sectional studies demonstrate concerning associations between phthalates and poor health status,specifically developmental problems.Longitudinal studies and studies with larger sample sizes are required to determine whether phthalates actually cause negative health consequences.It is also important that physicians regularly review and discuss with patients the medicinal ingredients in their medications and supplements,specifically in pregnant woman with inflammatory bowel disease.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common cause of liver malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths universally.Cure can be achieved for early stage HCC,which is defined as 3 or fewer lesions less ...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common cause of liver malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths universally.Cure can be achieved for early stage HCC,which is defined as 3 or fewer lesions less than or equal to 3 cm in the setting of Child-Pugh A or B and an ECOG of 0.Patients outside of these criteria who can be down-staged with loco-regional therapies to resection or liver transplantation(LT)also achieve curative outcomes.Traditionally,surgical resection,LT,and ablation are considered curative therapies for early HCC.However,results from recently conducted LEGACY study and DOSISPHERE trial demonstrate that transarterial radio-embolization has curative outcomes for early HCC,leading to its recent incorporation into the Barcelona clinic liver criteria guidelines for early HCC.This review is based on current evidence for curativeintent loco-regional therapies including radioembolization for early-stage HCC.展开更多
In this paper we present the science potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies of strongly magnetized objects. We will focus on the physics and astrophysics of strongly magnetize...In this paper we present the science potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies of strongly magnetized objects. We will focus on the physics and astrophysics of strongly magnetized objects, namely magnetars, accreting X-ray pulsars, and rotation powered pulsars. We also discuss the science potential of eXTP for QED studies. Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020s.展开更多
In this White Paper we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies related to Observatory Science targets. These include flaring stars, supernova remnants, accreting wh...In this White Paper we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies related to Observatory Science targets. These include flaring stars, supernova remnants, accreting white dwarfs, low and high mass X-ray binaries, radio quiet and radio loud active galactic nuclei, tidal disruption events, and gamma-ray bursts. eXTP will be excellently suited to study one common aspect of these objects: their often transient nature. Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020s.展开更多
Objective: To determine the incidence of abnormal laboratory test results among isotretinoin users. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Comprehensive managed care health plan in Northern California. Participants: T...Objective: To determine the incidence of abnormal laboratory test results among isotretinoin users. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Comprehensive managed care health plan in Northern California. Participants: The study population comprised 13 772 patients aged 13 to 50 yearswith acne,undergoing oral isotretinoin therapy between March 1995 and September 2002. Main Outcome Measures: Laboratory values for serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and liver transaminase levels; white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and platelet count; and frequency of abnormal laboratory results by severity grade as defined by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Results: Substantial increases in the cumulative incidence of abnormalities were seen in serum lipid and transaminase levels, but not in hematologic parameters, during isotretinoin treatment compared with the baseline period. The cumulative incidence of new abnormalities in patients with normal values at baseline was 44%for triglyceride level, 31%for total cholesterol level, and 11%for transaminase level. Moderate to severe abnormalities in lipid and transaminase levels were generally transient and reversible. New abnormalities in hematological test results were uncommon. Conclusions: The incidence of abnormally high serum lipid levels during isotretinoin treatment may be greater than previously estimated. Elevations in transaminase level are generally mild. Normal baseline values of serum lipid and transaminase levels do not preclude the development of new abnormalities during isotretinoin treatment. Routine monitoring of white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and platelet count during isotretinoin therapy may be of little utility without clinical suspicion of an abnormality. The clinical significance of laboratory abnormalities during isotretinoin therapy remains to be determined.展开更多
In this White Paper we present the potential of the Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for determining the nature of dense matter; neutron star cores host an extreme density regime which cannot be rep...In this White Paper we present the potential of the Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for determining the nature of dense matter; neutron star cores host an extreme density regime which cannot be replicated in a terrestrial laboratory. The tightest statistical constraints on the dense matter equation of state will come from pulse profile modelling of accretion-powered pulsars, burst oscillation sources, and rotation-powered pulsars. Additional constraints will derive from spin measurements, burst spectra, and properties of the accretion flows in the vicinity of the neutron star. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020 s.展开更多
AIM:To determine the frequencies of mutations that cause inherited monogenic liver disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:This study included 86 patients with chronic hepatitis C(55 men, 31 women; mea...AIM:To determine the frequencies of mutations that cause inherited monogenic liver disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:This study included 86 patients with chronic hepatitis C(55 men, 31 women; mean age at diagnosis, 38.36 ± 14.52 years) who had undergone antiviral therapy comprising pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Viral load, biochemical parameter changes, and liver biopsy morphological data were evaluated in all patients. The control group comprised 271 unrelated individuals representing the general population of Latvia for mutation frequency calculations. The most frequent mutations that cause inherited liver disorders [gene(mutation): ATP7B(H1069Q), HFE(C282Y, H63D),UGT1A1(TA)7, and SERPINA1(PiZ)] were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), bidirectional PCR allele-specific amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and sequencing. RESULTS: The viral genotype was detected in 80 of the 86 patients. Viral genotypes 1, 2, and 3 were present in 61(76%), 7(9%), and 12(15%) patients, respectively. Among all 86 patients, 50(58%) reached an early viral response and 70(81%) reached a sustained viral response. All 16 patients who did not reach a sustained viral response had viral genotype 1. Casecontrol analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in only the H1069Q mutation between patients and controls(patients, 0.057; controls, 0.012; odds ratio, 5.514; 95%CI: 1.119-29.827, P = 0.022). However, the H1069Q mutation was not associated with antiviral treatment outcomes or biochemical indices. The(TA) 7 mutation of the UGT1A1 gene was associated with decreased ferritin levels(beta regression coefficient =-295.7, P = 0.0087). CONCLUSION: Genetic mutations that cause inherited liver diseases in patients with hepatitis C should be studied in detail.展开更多
Small RNAs are found in eukaryotes and are responsible for regulation of chromatin structure, RNA processing and stability, translation and transcription. 24-nt small interfering RNA (siRNA) are known to mediate gene ...Small RNAs are found in eukaryotes and are responsible for regulation of chromatin structure, RNA processing and stability, translation and transcription. 24-nt small interfering RNA (siRNA) are known to mediate gene inactivation via the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway (RdDM) and are important for natural heritable changes in plant species. DNA cytosine methylation can be maintained between generations and this may be important for accelerated adaption to stress conditions. Research is currently focused toward the epigenetic response to disease, the stability of DNA methylation over generations, the elucidation of newly discovered pathways for de novo DNA methylation, and the application of epigenetic variation to breeding programs. This review aims to give a brief but comprehensive examination on small RNAs and transgenerational epigenetic variation.展开更多
在电脑机箱内部元件得到维护保养之后，接下来就该轮到各种外部设备登场来接受一番“清洗”了。相比机箱内部元件主要是灰尘这一比较单一的污渍外，外部设备由于平时与用户直接接触，因此面对的“污染源”要多得多。灰尘、指纹、食物残...在电脑机箱内部元件得到维护保养之后，接下来就该轮到各种外部设备登场来接受一番“清洗”了。相比机箱内部元件主要是灰尘这一比较单一的污渍外，外部设备由于平时与用户直接接触，因此面对的“污染源”要多得多。灰尘、指纹、食物残渣、油渍、可谓五花八门。所以外部设备的维护保养，相比内部元件要更加复杂，所需要掌握的方法也更多样。闲话不多说了，Let＇s do it！展开更多
Secondary cancers of the liver are more than twenty times more common than primary tumors and are incurable in most cases.While surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy are often the first-line therapy for metasta...Secondary cancers of the liver are more than twenty times more common than primary tumors and are incurable in most cases.While surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy are often the first-line therapy for metastatic liver disease,a majority of patients present with bilobar disease not amenable to curative local resection.Furthermore,by the time metastasis to the liver has developed,many tumors demonstrate a degree of resistance to systemic chemotherapy.Fortunately,catheter-directed and percutaneous locoregional approaches have evolved as major treatment modalities for unresectable metastatic disease.These novel techniques can be used for diverse applications ranging from curative intent for small localized tumors,downstaging of large tumors for resection,or locoregional control and palliation of advanced disease.Their use has been associated with increased tumor response,increased disease-free and overall survival,and decreased morbidity and mortality in a broad range of metastatic disease.This review explores recent advances in liver-directed therapies for metastatic liver disease from primary colorectal,neuroendocrine,breast,and lung cancer,as well as uveal melanoma,cholangiocarcinoma,and sarcoma.Therapies discussed include bland transarterial embolization,chemoembolization,radioembolization,and ablative therapies,with a focus on current treatment approaches,outcomes of locoregional therapy,and future directions in each type of metastatic disease.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease（PD）is the second most common neurodegenerative disease whereby the number of diagnosed patients rises by 3–4%each year creating an ever-expanding social,medical and financial burden.Symptoms su...Parkinson’s disease（PD）is the second most common neurodegenerative disease whereby the number of diagnosed patients rises by 3–4%each year creating an ever-expanding social,medical and financial burden.Symptoms such as rigidity,postural instability and bradykinesia are due to diminished levels of dopamine within the brain.展开更多
This paper provides an overview of the degradation in CANDU^a （Canadian Deuterium Uranium） feeders in operating plants observed from the mid 1990s onward. The degradation has been dominated by feeder wall thinning, ...This paper provides an overview of the degradation in CANDU^a （Canadian Deuterium Uranium） feeders in operating plants observed from the mid 1990s onward. The degradation has been dominated by feeder wall thinning, caused by FAC （flow accelerated corrosion） and feeder cracking. This paper summarizes the industry＇s response to the discovery of these two degradation mechanisms and the methodologies, tools and technologies developed to monitor the degradation and assess the continued fitness for service to manage the plant life. This paper identifies some of the lessons gained from more than a decade of industry effort, and discusses how these lessons are being implemented in the refurbished and new CANDU plants. CANDU^a is a registered trademark of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.展开更多
基金support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA15020100)support by ASI, under the dedicated eXTP agreements and agreement ASI-INAF (Grant No. 2017-14-H.O.)+3 种基金by INAF and INFN under project REDSOXsupport from the Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, the German Aerospce Center (DLR)support of Science Centre (Grant No. 2013/10/M/ST9/00729)support from MINECO (Grant No. ESP2017-82674-R) and FEDER funds
文摘In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources.The paper provides a detailed description of:(1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload;(2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.
基金Supported by ERDF project,No.2013/0052/2DP/2.1.1.1.0/13APIA/VIAA/019
文摘Early detection and efficient monitoring of tumor dynamics are prerequisites for reducing disease burden and mortality, and for improving the management of patients with gastric cancer(GC). Blood-based biomarker assays for the detection of early-stage GC could be of great relevance both for population-wide or risk groupbased screening programs, while circulating biomarkers that reflect the genetic make-up and dynamics of the tumor would allow monitoring of treatment efficacy, predict recurrences and assess the genetic heterogeneity of the tumor. Recent research to identify blood-based biomarkers of GC has resulted in the identification of a wide variety of cancer-associated molecules, including various proteins, autoantibodies against tumor associated antigens, cell-free DNA fragments, m RNAs and various non-coding RNAs, circulating tumor cells and cancer-derived extracellular vesicles. Each type of these biomarkers provides different information on the disease status, has different advantages and disadvantages, and distinct clinical usefulness. In the current review, we summarize the recent developments in blood-based GC biomarker discovery, discuss the origin of various types of biomarkers and their clinical usefulness and the technological challenges in the development of biomarker assays for clinical use.
基金JMW,RSS,EP,EK,WM,ZBP,and NRMT have received research funding from a precision trauma care research award from the Combat Casualty Care Research Program of the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command(DM180044).
文摘We read with interest the recent systematic reviewaArtificial intelligence and machine learning for hemorrhagic trauma careoby Peng et al.[1],which evaluated literature on machine learning(ML)in the management of traumatic haemorrhage.We thank the authors for their contribution to the role of ML in trauma.
文摘BACKGROUND Risk stratification for patients with gastric precancerous lesions for endoscopic surveillance remains controversial.AIM To analysis of patients having developed gastric adenocarcinoma during the period of follow-up.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study on patients having undergone upper endoscopy prior to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. The presence and stage of precancerous lesions as well as subtype of intestinal metaplasia at the baseline endoscopy got evaluated. Literature mini-review was performed.RESULTS Out of 1681 subjects in the Biobank, gastric adenocarcinoma was detected in five cases in whom previous endoscopy data with biopsies either from the corpus or antral part were available. All of the patients had incomplete intestinal metaplasia during the baseline endoscopy;all three subjects in whom intestinal metaplasia subtyping was performed according to Filipe et al, had Type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia. Two of the five cases had low Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment(OLGA) and Operative Link on Gastritis Intestinal Metaplasia Assessment(OLGIM) stages(Ⅰ-Ⅱ) at the baseline.CONCLUSION The presence of incomplete intestinal metaplasia, in particular, that of Type Ⅲ is a better predictor for gastric adenocarcinoma development than OLGA/OLGIM staging system. Subtyping of intestinal metaplasia have an important role in the risk stratification for surveillance decisions.
基金the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council[EP/R513283/1]awarded to Zane K.J.Hartley。
文摘3D reconstruction of fruit is important as a key component of fruit grading and an important part of many size estimation pipelines.Like many computer vision challenges,the 3D reconstruction task suffers from a lack of readily available training data in most domains,with methods typically depending on large datasets of high-quality image-model pairs.In this paper,we propose an unsupervised domain-adaptation approach to 3D reconstruction where labelled images only exist in our source synthetic domain,and training is supplemented with different unlabelled datasets from the target real domain.We approach the problem of 3D reconstruction using volumetric regression and produce a training set of 25,000 pairs of images and volumes using hand-crafted 3D models of bananas rendered in a 3D modelling environment(Blender).Each image is then enhanced by a GAN to more closely match the domain of photographs of real images by introducing a volumetric consistency loss,improving performance of 3D reconstruction on real images.Our solution harnesses the cost benefits of synthetic data while still maintaining good performance on real world images.We focus this work on the task of 3D banana reconstruction from a single image,representing a common task in plant phenotyping,but this approach is general and may be adapted to any 3D reconstruction task including other plant species and organs.
基金The work presented in this paper has been supported by industrial sponsors of the Colorado Power Electronics Center(CoPEC).The authors would like to acknowledge CoPEC graduate students for significant contributions to the results reported in this paper.
文摘Over the last decade,practical digital control of high-frequency switched-mode power converters has moved from proof-of-concept demonstrations to controller chips commercially available from multiple vendors,with applica-tions to point-of-load and isolated DC/DC converters,microprocessor power supplies,power-factor-correction rectifiers,and others.This paper summarizes some of the advances in the area,including approaches to realizations of high-per-formance,high-frequency digital pulse-width modulated(DPWM) controllers,related analysis,modeling and design techniques,as well as performance gains enabled by digital control such as dynamic response and efficiency improve-ments.Examples of experimentally demonstrated results are presented,together with pointers to areas of current and future research and development.
文摘Pharmaceutical companies that produce gastrointestinal(GI)medications often utilize phthalates for their ability to localize medication release.Commonly prescribed GI medications that may utilize phthalates are 5-Aminosalicylates,proton pump inhibitors,and pancreatic enzymes.Our understanding of the cumulative health effects of phthalates from medications remains unclear,and there is increasing evidence that phthalates are not harmless.Experimental studies in animals have shown that phthalates,specifically dibutyl phthalate and Di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate,have the potential to alter and/or inhibit reproductive biology and in utero development.Despite the lack of definitive human data,many cohort and cross-sectional studies demonstrate concerning associations between phthalates and poor health status,specifically developmental problems.Longitudinal studies and studies with larger sample sizes are required to determine whether phthalates actually cause negative health consequences.It is also important that physicians regularly review and discuss with patients the medicinal ingredients in their medications and supplements,specifically in pregnant woman with inflammatory bowel disease.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common cause of liver malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths universally.Cure can be achieved for early stage HCC,which is defined as 3 or fewer lesions less than or equal to 3 cm in the setting of Child-Pugh A or B and an ECOG of 0.Patients outside of these criteria who can be down-staged with loco-regional therapies to resection or liver transplantation(LT)also achieve curative outcomes.Traditionally,surgical resection,LT,and ablation are considered curative therapies for early HCC.However,results from recently conducted LEGACY study and DOSISPHERE trial demonstrate that transarterial radio-embolization has curative outcomes for early HCC,leading to its recent incorporation into the Barcelona clinic liver criteria guidelines for early HCC.This review is based on current evidence for curativeintent loco-regional therapies including radioembolization for early-stage HCC.
基金support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15020100)supported by the Bundesministerium fuer Wirtschaft und Technologie through the Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft-und Raumfahrte.V.(DLR)(Grant No.FKZ 50 OO 1701)Financial contribution from the agreement between the Italian Space Agency and the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ASI-INAF n.2017-14H.O
文摘In this paper we present the science potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies of strongly magnetized objects. We will focus on the physics and astrophysics of strongly magnetized objects, namely magnetars, accreting X-ray pulsars, and rotation powered pulsars. We also discuss the science potential of eXTP for QED studies. Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020s.
基金supported by the Royal Society,ERC Starting(Grant No.639217)he European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Global Fellowship(Grant No.703916)+10 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11233001,11773014,11633007,11403074,11333005,11503008,and 11590781)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB857100)NASA(Grant No.NNX13AD28A)an ARC Future Fellowship(Grant No.FT120100363)the National Science Foundation(Grant No.PHY-1430152)the Spanish MINECO(Grant No.AYA2016-76012-C3-1-P)the ICCUB(Unidad de Excelencia’Maria de Maeztu’)(Grant No.MDM-2014-0369)EU’s Horizon Programme through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship(Grant No.702638)the Polish National Science Center(Grant Nos.2015/17/B/ST9/03422,2015/18/M/ST9/00541,2013/10/M/ST9/00729,and 2015/18/A/ST9/00746)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA15020100)the NWO Veni Fellowship(Grant No.639.041.647)
文摘In this White Paper we present the potential of the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for studies related to Observatory Science targets. These include flaring stars, supernova remnants, accreting white dwarfs, low and high mass X-ray binaries, radio quiet and radio loud active galactic nuclei, tidal disruption events, and gamma-ray bursts. eXTP will be excellently suited to study one common aspect of these objects: their often transient nature. Developed by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020s.
文摘Objective: To determine the incidence of abnormal laboratory test results among isotretinoin users. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Comprehensive managed care health plan in Northern California. Participants: The study population comprised 13 772 patients aged 13 to 50 yearswith acne,undergoing oral isotretinoin therapy between March 1995 and September 2002. Main Outcome Measures: Laboratory values for serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and liver transaminase levels; white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and platelet count; and frequency of abnormal laboratory results by severity grade as defined by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Results: Substantial increases in the cumulative incidence of abnormalities were seen in serum lipid and transaminase levels, but not in hematologic parameters, during isotretinoin treatment compared with the baseline period. The cumulative incidence of new abnormalities in patients with normal values at baseline was 44%for triglyceride level, 31%for total cholesterol level, and 11%for transaminase level. Moderate to severe abnormalities in lipid and transaminase levels were generally transient and reversible. New abnormalities in hematological test results were uncommon. Conclusions: The incidence of abnormally high serum lipid levels during isotretinoin treatment may be greater than previously estimated. Elevations in transaminase level are generally mild. Normal baseline values of serum lipid and transaminase levels do not preclude the development of new abnormalities during isotretinoin treatment. Routine monitoring of white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and platelet count during isotretinoin therapy may be of little utility without clinical suspicion of an abnormality. The clinical significance of laboratory abnormalities during isotretinoin therapy remains to be determined.
基金support from ERC Starting (Grant No. 639217 CSINEUTRONSTAR)support from a Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Vidi Fellowship+2 种基金suported by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Global Fellowship (Grant No. 703916)supported in part by the DFG through Grant SFB 1245 and the ERC (Grant No. 307986 STRONGINT)support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA15020100)
文摘In this White Paper we present the potential of the Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry(eXTP) mission for determining the nature of dense matter; neutron star cores host an extreme density regime which cannot be replicated in a terrestrial laboratory. The tightest statistical constraints on the dense matter equation of state will come from pulse profile modelling of accretion-powered pulsars, burst oscillation sources, and rotation-powered pulsars. Additional constraints will derive from spin measurements, burst spectra, and properties of the accretion flows in the vicinity of the neutron star. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020 s.
基金Supported by The Latvian Council of Science,National Project,Nos.09.1384 and 10.0010.02
文摘AIM:To determine the frequencies of mutations that cause inherited monogenic liver disorders in patients with chronic hepatitis C. METHODS:This study included 86 patients with chronic hepatitis C(55 men, 31 women; mean age at diagnosis, 38.36 ± 14.52 years) who had undergone antiviral therapy comprising pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Viral load, biochemical parameter changes, and liver biopsy morphological data were evaluated in all patients. The control group comprised 271 unrelated individuals representing the general population of Latvia for mutation frequency calculations. The most frequent mutations that cause inherited liver disorders [gene(mutation): ATP7B(H1069Q), HFE(C282Y, H63D),UGT1A1(TA)7, and SERPINA1(PiZ)] were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), bidirectional PCR allele-specific amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and sequencing. RESULTS: The viral genotype was detected in 80 of the 86 patients. Viral genotypes 1, 2, and 3 were present in 61(76%), 7(9%), and 12(15%) patients, respectively. Among all 86 patients, 50(58%) reached an early viral response and 70(81%) reached a sustained viral response. All 16 patients who did not reach a sustained viral response had viral genotype 1. Casecontrol analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in only the H1069Q mutation between patients and controls(patients, 0.057; controls, 0.012; odds ratio, 5.514; 95%CI: 1.119-29.827, P = 0.022). However, the H1069Q mutation was not associated with antiviral treatment outcomes or biochemical indices. The(TA) 7 mutation of the UGT1A1 gene was associated with decreased ferritin levels(beta regression coefficient =-295.7, P = 0.0087). CONCLUSION: Genetic mutations that cause inherited liver diseases in patients with hepatitis C should be studied in detail.
文摘Small RNAs are found in eukaryotes and are responsible for regulation of chromatin structure, RNA processing and stability, translation and transcription. 24-nt small interfering RNA (siRNA) are known to mediate gene inactivation via the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway (RdDM) and are important for natural heritable changes in plant species. DNA cytosine methylation can be maintained between generations and this may be important for accelerated adaption to stress conditions. Research is currently focused toward the epigenetic response to disease, the stability of DNA methylation over generations, the elucidation of newly discovered pathways for de novo DNA methylation, and the application of epigenetic variation to breeding programs. This review aims to give a brief but comprehensive examination on small RNAs and transgenerational epigenetic variation.
文摘在电脑机箱内部元件得到维护保养之后，接下来就该轮到各种外部设备登场来接受一番“清洗”了。相比机箱内部元件主要是灰尘这一比较单一的污渍外，外部设备由于平时与用户直接接触，因此面对的“污染源”要多得多。灰尘、指纹、食物残渣、油渍、可谓五花八门。所以外部设备的维护保养，相比内部元件要更加复杂，所需要掌握的方法也更多样。闲话不多说了，Let＇s do it！
文摘Secondary cancers of the liver are more than twenty times more common than primary tumors and are incurable in most cases.While surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy are often the first-line therapy for metastatic liver disease,a majority of patients present with bilobar disease not amenable to curative local resection.Furthermore,by the time metastasis to the liver has developed,many tumors demonstrate a degree of resistance to systemic chemotherapy.Fortunately,catheter-directed and percutaneous locoregional approaches have evolved as major treatment modalities for unresectable metastatic disease.These novel techniques can be used for diverse applications ranging from curative intent for small localized tumors,downstaging of large tumors for resection,or locoregional control and palliation of advanced disease.Their use has been associated with increased tumor response,increased disease-free and overall survival,and decreased morbidity and mortality in a broad range of metastatic disease.This review explores recent advances in liver-directed therapies for metastatic liver disease from primary colorectal,neuroendocrine,breast,and lung cancer,as well as uveal melanoma,cholangiocarcinoma,and sarcoma.Therapies discussed include bland transarterial embolization,chemoembolization,radioembolization,and ablative therapies,with a focus on current treatment approaches,outcomes of locoregional therapy,and future directions in each type of metastatic disease.
文摘Parkinson’s disease（PD）is the second most common neurodegenerative disease whereby the number of diagnosed patients rises by 3–4%each year creating an ever-expanding social,medical and financial burden.Symptoms such as rigidity,postural instability and bradykinesia are due to diminished levels of dopamine within the brain.
文摘This paper provides an overview of the degradation in CANDU^a （Canadian Deuterium Uranium） feeders in operating plants observed from the mid 1990s onward. The degradation has been dominated by feeder wall thinning, caused by FAC （flow accelerated corrosion） and feeder cracking. This paper summarizes the industry＇s response to the discovery of these two degradation mechanisms and the methodologies, tools and technologies developed to monitor the degradation and assess the continued fitness for service to manage the plant life. This paper identifies some of the lessons gained from more than a decade of industry effort, and discusses how these lessons are being implemented in the refurbished and new CANDU plants. CANDU^a is a registered trademark of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.
