This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multis...This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.展开更多
营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国2...营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国22个主要省市80家三甲医院共47488例16种常见恶性肿瘤住院患者,以患者主观整体评估(Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment,PG-SGA)评估患者营养状况,以定量评估区分营养不良严重程度:0~1分无营养不良,2~3分、4~8分、≥9分分别定义为可疑/轻度、中度、重度营养不良.方差分析比较不同特征肿瘤患者PG-SGA评分.肿瘤患者中、重度营养不良的发病率为58.2%(中度32.1%、重度26.1%),22.2%为可疑/轻度营养不良,只有19.6%的患者无营养不良.营养不良的发病存在瘤种、年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、治疗情况及地区差异:胰腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最高(9.58±5.74),乳腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最低(3.51±3.49);<45岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最低(4.84±4.50),≥70岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最高(7.82±5.10);女性肺癌(5.87vs.5.60,P=0.006)和胃癌(8.36 vs.7.81,P<0.001)PG-SGA评分高于男性;TNM分期较高的患者其PG-SGA评分也较高,其中胰腺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者PG-SGA评分最高,乳腺癌Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者PG-SGA评分均低于4分(3.05±2.83);接受手术治疗的患者PG-SGA评分最高(6.22±4.74),而目前还没有接受任何治疗的患者评分最低(5.61±4.68);华中区域PG-SGA评分最低(4.82±4.16),华东区域PG-SGA评分最高(7.31±5.53).此外,在某些肿瘤类型中,不同医疗保险类型、受教育水平、职业、居住地、民族的患者PG-SGA评分也有显著差异,农民、小学及以下低教育水平患者营养状况最差.68.78%的肿瘤患者没有获得任何营养治疗,重度营养不良(PG-SGA≥9)肿瘤患者的无营养治疗比例仍然高达55.03%.以上结果说明,中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良发生率展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is one the leading risk factors for chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer(HCC), which are a major global health problem. A large number of clinical stu...Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is one the leading risk factors for chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer(HCC), which are a major global health problem. A large number of clinical studies have shown that chronic HBV persistent infection causes the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immune response involving monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer(NK) cells, T cells. Among these immune cells, cell subsets with suppressive features have been recognized such as myeloid derived suppressive cells(MDSC),NK-reg, T-reg, which represent a critical regulatory system during liver fibrogenesis or tumourigenesis. However, the mechanisms that link HBVinduced immune dysfunction and HBV-related liver diseases are not understood.In this review we summarize the recent studies on innate and adaptive immune cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, and further discuss the potential mechanism of HBV-induced immunosuppressive cascade in HBV infection and consequences. It is hoped that this article will help ongoing research about the pathogenesis of HBV-related hepatic fibrosis and HBV-related HCC.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)and to assess corresponding health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in China.METHODS:This multi-center cross-sect...AIM:To investigate the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)and to assess corresponding health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in China.METHODS:This multi-center cross-sectional study included 16 teaching hospitals,which were members of "Hepatobiliary Cooperation Group,Society of Gastroenterology,Chinese Medical Association",from different areas of China carried out between June and October in 2011.All the eligible hospitalized cirrhotic patients(n = 538)were required to complete triplicate number connection tests combined with one digit symbol test for diagnosing MHE.Patients' clinical examination data were complemented by a modified questionnaire assessing HRQoL.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.RESULTS:Male was predominant(68.6%)in 519 patients who met the criteria of the study,with a mean age of 49.17 ± 11.02 years.The most common cause of liver cirrhosis was chronic hepatitis B(55.9%).The prevalence of MHE was 39.9% and varied by ChildPugh-Classification score(CPC-A:24.8%,CPC-B:39.4% and CPC-C:56.1%,P < 0.01).MHE(P < 0.01)and higher CPC scores(P < 0.01)were associated with a high HRQoL scores(reflecting poorer quality of life).The prevalence of MHE was proportionate to CPC(P = 0.01)and high quality of life scores(P = 0.01).CONCLUSION:Hospitalized cirrhotic patients have a high prevalence of MHE that is proportionate to the degree of liver function and HRQoL impairment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China (201302002,Clinical Trial NCT02200679)。
文摘This study aimed to obtain the first national estimate of the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder(ASD) in Chinese children.We targeted the population of 6 to 12-year-old children for this prevalence study by multistage convenient cluster sampling.The Modified Chinese Autism Spectrum Rating Scale was used for the screening process.Of the target population of 142,086 children,88.5%(n=125,806) participated in the study.A total of 363 children were confirmed as having ASD.The observed ASD prevalence rate was 0.29%(95% CI:0.26%-0.32%) for the overall population.After adjustment for response rates,the estimated number of ASD cases was867 in the target population sample,thereby achieving an estimated prevalence of 0.70%(95% CI:0.64%-0.74%).The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than in girls(0.95%;95% CI:0.87%-1.02% versus 0.30%;95%CI:0.26%-0.34%;P <0.001).Of the 363 confirmed ASD cases,43.3% were newly diagnosed,and most of those(90.4%) were attending regular schools,and 68.8% of the children with ASD had at least one neuropsychiatric comorbidity.Our findings provide reliable data on the estimated ASD prevalence and comorbidities in Chinese children.
文摘营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国22个主要省市80家三甲医院共47488例16种常见恶性肿瘤住院患者,以患者主观整体评估(Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment,PG-SGA)评估患者营养状况,以定量评估区分营养不良严重程度:0~1分无营养不良,2~3分、4~8分、≥9分分别定义为可疑/轻度、中度、重度营养不良.方差分析比较不同特征肿瘤患者PG-SGA评分.肿瘤患者中、重度营养不良的发病率为58.2%(中度32.1%、重度26.1%),22.2%为可疑/轻度营养不良,只有19.6%的患者无营养不良.营养不良的发病存在瘤种、年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、治疗情况及地区差异:胰腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最高(9.58±5.74),乳腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最低(3.51±3.49);<45岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最低(4.84±4.50),≥70岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最高(7.82±5.10);女性肺癌(5.87vs.5.60,P=0.006)和胃癌(8.36 vs.7.81,P<0.001)PG-SGA评分高于男性;TNM分期较高的患者其PG-SGA评分也较高,其中胰腺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者PG-SGA评分最高,乳腺癌Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者PG-SGA评分均低于4分(3.05±2.83);接受手术治疗的患者PG-SGA评分最高(6.22±4.74),而目前还没有接受任何治疗的患者评分最低(5.61±4.68);华中区域PG-SGA评分最低(4.82±4.16),华东区域PG-SGA评分最高(7.31±5.53).此外,在某些肿瘤类型中,不同医疗保险类型、受教育水平、职业、居住地、民族的患者PG-SGA评分也有显著差异,农民、小学及以下低教育水平患者营养状况最差.68.78%的肿瘤患者没有获得任何营养治疗,重度营养不良(PG-SGA≥9)肿瘤患者的无营养治疗比例仍然高达55.03%.以上结果说明,中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良发生率
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373143 and No.81571535 to Tu ZKKey Projects of Basic Research and Applied Basic Research in Universities of Guangdong Province,No.2018KZDXM055 to Tu ZK
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is one the leading risk factors for chronic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer(HCC), which are a major global health problem. A large number of clinical studies have shown that chronic HBV persistent infection causes the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immune response involving monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer(NK) cells, T cells. Among these immune cells, cell subsets with suppressive features have been recognized such as myeloid derived suppressive cells(MDSC),NK-reg, T-reg, which represent a critical regulatory system during liver fibrogenesis or tumourigenesis. However, the mechanisms that link HBVinduced immune dysfunction and HBV-related liver diseases are not understood.In this review we summarize the recent studies on innate and adaptive immune cell dysfunction in chronic HBV infection, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, and further discuss the potential mechanism of HBV-induced immunosuppressive cascade in HBV infection and consequences. It is hoped that this article will help ongoing research about the pathogenesis of HBV-related hepatic fibrosis and HBV-related HCC.
文摘AIM:To investigate the prevalence of minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE)and to assess corresponding health-related quality of life(HRQoL)in hospitalized cirrhotic patients in China.METHODS:This multi-center cross-sectional study included 16 teaching hospitals,which were members of "Hepatobiliary Cooperation Group,Society of Gastroenterology,Chinese Medical Association",from different areas of China carried out between June and October in 2011.All the eligible hospitalized cirrhotic patients(n = 538)were required to complete triplicate number connection tests combined with one digit symbol test for diagnosing MHE.Patients' clinical examination data were complemented by a modified questionnaire assessing HRQoL.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.RESULTS:Male was predominant(68.6%)in 519 patients who met the criteria of the study,with a mean age of 49.17 ± 11.02 years.The most common cause of liver cirrhosis was chronic hepatitis B(55.9%).The prevalence of MHE was 39.9% and varied by ChildPugh-Classification score(CPC-A:24.8%,CPC-B:39.4% and CPC-C:56.1%,P < 0.01).MHE(P < 0.01)and higher CPC scores(P < 0.01)were associated with a high HRQoL scores(reflecting poorer quality of life).The prevalence of MHE was proportionate to CPC(P = 0.01)and high quality of life scores(P = 0.01).CONCLUSION:Hospitalized cirrhotic patients have a high prevalence of MHE that is proportionate to the degree of liver function and HRQoL impairment.
