As sessile organisms, plants encounter a variety of environmental stresses and must optimize their growth for survival. Abscisic acid （ABA） and cytokinin antagonistically regulate many developmental processes and en...As sessile organisms, plants encounter a variety of environmental stresses and must optimize their growth for survival. Abscisic acid （ABA） and cytokinin antagonistically regulate many developmental processes and environmental stress responses in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this antag- onism remains poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrated that Sucrose nonfermentingl-related kinases SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, and SnRK2.6, the key kinases of the ABA signaling pathway, directly interact with and phosphorylate type-A response regulator 5 （ARR5）, a negative regulator of cytokinin signaling. The phosphorylation of ARR5 Ser residues by SnRK2s enhanced ARR5 protein stability. Accord- ingly, plants overexpressing ARR5 showed ABA hypersensitivity and drought tolerance, and these pheno- types could not be recapitulated by overexpressing a non-phosphorylated ARR5 mimic. Moreover, the type-B ARRs, ARR1, ARR11 and ARR12, physically interacted with SnRK2s and repressed the kinase activ- ity of SnRK2.6. The arrl, 11,12 triple mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to ABA. Genetic analysis demon- strated that SnRK2s act upstream of ARR5 but downstream of ARR1, ARR11 and ARR12 in mediating ABA response and drought tolerance. Taken together, this study unravels the antagonistic actions of several molecular components of the ABA and cytokinin signaling pathways in mediates drought stress response, providing significant insights into how plants coordinate growth and drought stress response by integrating multiple hormone pathways.展开更多
目的总结肠造口患者造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤预防及护理的相关证据,为临床实践管理提供依据。方法检索Up To Date、BMJ、JBI、RNAO、GIN、NICE、NGC、SIGN、WOCN、PubMed、Web of Science、医脉通、The Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Em...目的总结肠造口患者造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤预防及护理的相关证据,为临床实践管理提供依据。方法检索Up To Date、BMJ、JBI、RNAO、GIN、NICE、NGC、SIGN、WOCN、PubMed、Web of Science、医脉通、The Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Embase、SinoMed、CNKI、维普和万方数据库关于肠造口患者造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤预防及护理的相关证据。结果共纳入16篇文献,其中6篇指南、3篇系统评价、3篇专家共识1篇临床决策、3篇证据总结,最后汇总9个方面,共21条证据。结论肠造口患者造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤的预防及护理的最佳证据总结可为临床应用提供循证依据,在证据转化过程中应结合临床实际,提高护理质量。展开更多
文摘As sessile organisms, plants encounter a variety of environmental stresses and must optimize their growth for survival. Abscisic acid （ABA） and cytokinin antagonistically regulate many developmental processes and environmental stress responses in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this antag- onism remains poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrated that Sucrose nonfermentingl-related kinases SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, and SnRK2.6, the key kinases of the ABA signaling pathway, directly interact with and phosphorylate type-A response regulator 5 （ARR5）, a negative regulator of cytokinin signaling. The phosphorylation of ARR5 Ser residues by SnRK2s enhanced ARR5 protein stability. Accord- ingly, plants overexpressing ARR5 showed ABA hypersensitivity and drought tolerance, and these pheno- types could not be recapitulated by overexpressing a non-phosphorylated ARR5 mimic. Moreover, the type-B ARRs, ARR1, ARR11 and ARR12, physically interacted with SnRK2s and repressed the kinase activ- ity of SnRK2.6. The arrl, 11,12 triple mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to ABA. Genetic analysis demon- strated that SnRK2s act upstream of ARR5 but downstream of ARR1, ARR11 and ARR12 in mediating ABA response and drought tolerance. Taken together, this study unravels the antagonistic actions of several molecular components of the ABA and cytokinin signaling pathways in mediates drought stress response, providing significant insights into how plants coordinate growth and drought stress response by integrating multiple hormone pathways.
文摘目的总结肠造口患者造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤预防及护理的相关证据,为临床实践管理提供依据。方法检索Up To Date、BMJ、JBI、RNAO、GIN、NICE、NGC、SIGN、WOCN、PubMed、Web of Science、医脉通、The Cochrane Library、CINAHL、Embase、SinoMed、CNKI、维普和万方数据库关于肠造口患者造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤预防及护理的相关证据。结果共纳入16篇文献,其中6篇指南、3篇系统评价、3篇专家共识1篇临床决策、3篇证据总结,最后汇总9个方面,共21条证据。结论肠造口患者造口周围潮湿相关性皮肤损伤的预防及护理的最佳证据总结可为临床应用提供循证依据,在证据转化过程中应结合临床实际,提高护理质量。
