This is a review of the formation and tectonic evolution of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.The continental Asia has formed on the bases of some pre-Cambrian cratons,such as the Siberia,India,Arabia,North China,Ta...This is a review of the formation and tectonic evolution of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.The continental Asia has formed on the bases of some pre-Cambrian cratons,such as the Siberia,India,Arabia,North China,Tarim,South China,and Indochina,through multi-stage plate convergence and collisional collages in Phanerozoic.The north-central Asia had experienced the expansion and subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO)in the early Paleozoic and the closure of the PAO in the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic,forming the PAO regime and Central Asian orogenic belt(CAOB).In the core of the CAOB,the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean(MOO)opened with limited expansion in the Early Permian and finally closed in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous.The south-central Asia had experienced mainly multi-stage oceanic opening,subduction and collision evolution in the Tethys Ocean,forming the Tethys regime and Himalaya-Tibetan orogenic belt.In eastern Asia,the plate subduction and continental margin orogeny on western margin of the Pacific Ocean,forms the West Pacific regime and West Pacific orogenic belt.The PAO,Tethys,and West Pacific regimes,together with Precambrian cratons among or surrounding them,made up the major tectonic and dynamic systems of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.Major tectonic events,such as the Early Paleozoic Qilian,Uralian,and Dunhuang orogeneses,the late Paleozoic East Junggar,Tianshan and West Junggar orogeneses,the Middle to Late Permian Ailaoshan orogeny and NorthSouth Lhasa collision,the early Mesozoic Indochina-South China and North-South China collisions,the late Mesozoic Mongolia-Okhotsk orogeny,Lhasa-Qiangtang collision,and intra-continental Yanshanian orogeny,and the Cenozoic IndoAsian,Arab-Asian,and West Pacific margin collisions,constrained the formation and evolution of the continental Asia.The complex dynamic systems have left large number of deformation features,such as large-scale strike-slip faults,thrustfold systems and extensional detachments on the continental Asia.Based on past tectonics,a f展开更多
The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multi...The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine the proportion of new TB patients who received standard doses of rifampicin in multiple provinces of China, and the relationship between low doses of rifampicin and frequency of rifampicin-resistance as well as treatment outcomes. A total of 713 new TB patients were treated with either once-daily dose of bulk anti-TB drugs (group I) or every other day combination blister packs of anti-TB drugs containing rifampicin (group II) at more than 30 TB treatment centers/hospitals in China. Treatment history, therapeutic doses of rifampicin, and information about patients were extracted from their medical records and analyzed, and rifampicin-resistance of isolates collected from patients following the treatment as well as treatment outcomes were compared between two treatment groups. Among 522 patients in treatment group I, 154 (29.5%) received standard and 363 (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin;238 (45.6%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 243 (46.6%) were successfully treated. Among 191 patients in treatment group II, 175 (91.6%) received standard and 15 (7.9%) received low doses of rifampicin;72 (37.7%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 105 (55%) were successfully treated. When patients who received low doses of rifampicin were compared to others within the same treatment group, increased rates for rifampicin-resistance and treatment failure were observed. Results from this study showed that most new TB patients in treatment group I (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin, and their treatment outcomes were worse than those in treatment group II, indicating that low doses of rifampicin used for the initial treatment of new TB patients were correlated to increased frequency of rifampicin-resistance and poorer treatment outcomes.展开更多
The formation of bacterial biofilms closely associates with infectious diseases.Until now,precise diagnosis and effective treatment of bacterial biofilm infections are still in great need.Herein,a novel multifunctiona...The formation of bacterial biofilms closely associates with infectious diseases.Until now,precise diagnosis and effective treatment of bacterial biofilm infections are still in great need.Herein,a novel multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform based on MnO_(2)nanosheets(MnO_(2)NSs)has been designed to achieve pH-responsive dual-mode imaging and hypoxia-relief-enhanced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy(aPDT)of bacterial biofilm infections.In this study,MnO_(2)NSs were modified with bovine serum albumin(BSA)and polyethylene glycol(PEG)and then loaded with chlorin e_(6)(Ce_(6))as photosensitizer to form MnO_(2)-BSA/PEG-Ce_(6)nanosheets(MBP-Ce_(6)NSs).After being delivered into the bacterial biofilm-infected tissues,the MBP-Ce_(6)NSs could be decomposed in acidic biofilm microenvironment and release Ce_(6)with Mn^(2+),which subsequently activate both fluorescence(FL)and magnetic resonance(MR)signals for effective dual-mode FL/MR imaging of bacterial biofilm infections.Meanwhile,MnO_(2)could catalyze the decomposing of H2O_(2)in biofilm-infected tissues into O_(2)and relieve the hypoxic condition of biofilm,which significantly enhances the efficacy of aPDT.An in vitro study showed that MBP-Ce_(6)NSs could significantly reduce the number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)in biofilms after 635nm laser irradiation.Guided by FL/MR imaging,MRSA biofilm-infected mice can be efficiently treated by MBP-Ce_(6)NSs-based aPDT.Overall,MBP-Ce_(6)NSs not only possess biofilm microenvironment-responsive dual-mode FL/MR imaging ability but also have significantly enhanced aPDT efficacy by relieving the hypoxia habitat of biofilm,which provides a promising theranostic nanoplatform for bacterial biofilm infections.展开更多
The characteristics of Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift of the southern margin of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau may be inferred from fluvio-lacustrine strata in the Zanda basin, Ngari, Tibet. Magnetostratigraphic study show...The characteristics of Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift of the southern margin of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau may be inferred from fluvio-lacustrine strata in the Zanda basin, Ngari, Tibet. Magnetostratigraphic study shows that the very thick fluvio-lacustrine strata in the basin are 5.89- 0.78 Ma old and that their deposition persisted for 5.11 Ma, i.e. starting at the end of the Miocene and ending at the end of the early Pleistocene, with the Quaternary glacial stage starting in the area no later than 1.58 Ma. Analysis of the sedimentary environment indicates that the Zanda basin on the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau began uplift at -5.89 Ma, later than the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Presence of gravel beds in the Guge and Qangze Formations reflects that strong uplift took place at -5.15 and -2.71 Ma, with the uplift peaking at -2.71 Ma.展开更多
The Tianshan range,a Paleozoic orogenic belt in Central Asia,has undergone multiple phases of tectonic activities characterized by the N-S compression after the early Mesozoic,including the far-field effects of the Ce...The Tianshan range,a Paleozoic orogenic belt in Central Asia,has undergone multiple phases of tectonic activities characterized by the N-S compression after the early Mesozoic,including the far-field effects of the Cenozoic Indian-Asian collision.However,there are limited reports on the tectonic deformation and initiation of Triassic intracontinental deformation in the Tianshan range.Understanding this structural context is crucial for interpreting the early intracontinental deformation history of the Eurasian continent during the early Mesozoic.Growth strata and syn-tectonic sediments provide a rich source of information on tectonic activities and have been extensively used in the studies of orogenic belts.Based on detail fieldwork conducted in this study,the middle-late Triassic Kelamayi Formation of the northern Kuqa Depression in the southern Tianshan fold-thrust belt has been identified as the typical syn-tectonic growth strata.The youngest detrital zircon component in two lithic sandstone samples from the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata yielded U-Pb ages of 223.4±3.1 and 215.5±2.9 Ma,respectively,indicating that the maximum depositional age of the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata is 226-220 and 218-212 Ma.The geochronological distribution of detrital samples from the Early-Middle Triassic and Late Triassic revealed abrupt changes,suggesting a new source supply resulting from tectonic activation in the Tianshan range.The coupling relationship between the syn-tectonic sedimentation of the Kelamayi Formation and the South Tianshan fold-thrust system provides robust evidence that the Triassic intracontinental deformation of the South Tianshan range began at approximately 226-220 Ma(during the Late Triassic)and ended at approximately 218-212 Ma.These findings provide crucial constraints for understanding the intraplate deformation in the Tianshan range during the Triassic.展开更多
Bound-states-in-the-continuum(BIC)is an emerging concept in nanophotonics with potential impact in applications,such as hyperspectral imaging,mirror-less lasing,and nonlinear harmonic generation.As true BIC modes are ...Bound-states-in-the-continuum(BIC)is an emerging concept in nanophotonics with potential impact in applications,such as hyperspectral imaging,mirror-less lasing,and nonlinear harmonic generation.As true BIC modes are nonradiative,they cannot be excited by using propagating light to investigate their optical characteristics.In this paper,for the 1st time,we map out the strong near-field localization of the true BIC resonance on arrays of silicon nanoantennas,via electron energy loss spectroscopy with a sub-1-nm electron beam.By systematically breaking the designed antenna symmetry,emissive quasi-BIC resonances become visible.This gives a unique experimental tool to determine the coherent interaction length,which we show to require at least six neighboring antenna elements.More importantly,we demonstrate that quasi-BIC resonances are able to enhance localized light emission via the Purcell effect by at least 60 times,as compared to unpatterned silicon.This work is expected to enable practical applications of designed,ultra-compact BIC antennas such as for the controlled,localized excitation of quantum emitters.展开更多
2D materials are promising candidates as nonlinear optical components for on-chip devices due to their ultrathin structure. In general, their nonlinear optical responses are inherently weak due to the short interactio...2D materials are promising candidates as nonlinear optical components for on-chip devices due to their ultrathin structure. In general, their nonlinear optical responses are inherently weak due to the short interaction thickness with light. Recently, there has been great interest in using quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) of dielectric metasurfaces, which are able to achieve remarkable optical near-field enhancement for elevating the second harmonic generation (SHG) emission from 2D materials. However, most studies focus on the design of combining bulk dielectric metasurfaces with unpatterned 2D materials, which suffer considerable radiation loss and limit near-field enhancement by high-quality q-BIC resonances. Here, we investigate the dielectric metasurface evolution from bulk silicon to monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and discover the critical role of meta-atom thickness design on enhancing near-field effects of two q-BIC modes. We further introduce the strongcoupling of the two q-BIC modes by oblique incidence manipulation, and enhance the localized optical field on monolayer MoS2dramatically. In the ultraviolet and visible regions, the MoS2SHG enhancement factor of our design is 105times higher than that of conventional bulk metasurfaces, leading to an extremely high nonlinear conversion efficiency of 5.8%. Our research will provide an important theoretical guide for the design of high-performance nonlinear devices based on 2D materials.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an effective treatment method for tumors.But the specifically accumulated of photosensitizer was very difficult in the tumor site,which greatly limited the efficacy of PDT.Here,mitochondria...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an effective treatment method for tumors.But the specifically accumulated of photosensitizer was very difficult in the tumor site,which greatly limited the efficacy of PDT.Here,mitochondria-targeted Janus mesoporous nanoplatform(JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc)for PDT was prepared,the nanoplatform has uniform size(275 nm)and good dispersion and biocompatibility.The confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)revealed the signal of ZnPc of JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc were higher than JPMO-Pt-ZnPc in tumor cells,and flow cytometry results showed the cell uptake efficiency of JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc was 2.5-fold higher than that of JPMO-Pt-ZnPc.This revealed the modification of CTPP significantly improves the targeting ability of the nanoplatform.In vitro anti-tumor experiment showed the JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cells upon the irradiation of low-power laser,and the survival rate of cells incubated with 60μg/mL JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc was only 3%.Simultaneously,compared with JPMO-Pt-ZnPc(not modified with mitochondria targeting molecules CTPP),the PDT efficacy of JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc was significantly better,as it has targeted mitochondria in cells.展开更多
The thrust nappe played an important role in the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the middle part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).However,the timing,structural style and kinematic processes of the thrust nappe ...The thrust nappe played an important role in the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the middle part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).However,the timing,structural style and kinematic processes of the thrust nappe remain controversial,particularly the detail of the thrust nappe in the Guaizihu region(110 km east of Ejinaq).In this study,we investigate new field mapping,seismic sections,geochronology and low-temperature thermochronometric dating to provide constraints on the history of this thrust nappe in the Chaheilingashun area(northwestern Guaizihu region).The field mapping,seismic sections and structural analysis reveal that the autochthonous system had developed a series of strong fold structures in the upper Permian strata.The allochthonous system mainly contains Devonian monzogranite(U-Pb age,ranges from 386.7 to 389.0 Ma)and Meso–Neoproterozoic schists(the maximum depositional age,~880 Ma),which were thrust upon the upper Permian strata during Middle to Late Triassic.Based on similar rocks,geochronological dating and the Yagan thrust,we suggest that the postulated root zone of this allochthon might have originated from the Huhetaoergai area(40–60 km northwest of the study area).The geochronological results reveal that the lower age limit of this thrust nappe is constrained by the Lower–Middle Triassic syntectonic sediments(tuffaceous sandstone,~247 Ma),which is the sedimentary response of the fold structure.,The timing of the termination of this thrust nappe is defined by the cooling age(^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar data,217–211 Ma)of the Devonian monzogranite and Meso–Neoproterozoic schists.Thus,we consider this thrust event in the study area to potentially have occurred in the period from 247 Ma to 211 Ma,which may represent the tectonic response to the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.展开更多
The Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contain rich information about the paleoclimate and environmental evolution,record the evolution process of the Quaternary regional tectonics,paleogeography,and geomo...The Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contain rich information about the paleoclimate and environmental evolution,record the evolution process of the Quaternary regional tectonics,paleogeography,and geomorphology of the plateau,and are extremely important areas for studying the Quaternary geological events and regional environmental evolution.According to a comprehensive analysis of the regional stratigraphic data and the development and evolution characteristics of the biota,based on the differences in the lithostratigraphic units,sedimentary characteristics,landforms,and drainage systems,the Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas are divided into five stratigraphic regions:the Tarim region,Loess Plateau region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region,and India-Ganges region.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau stratigraphic region is divided into seven stratigraphic sub-regions:the West Kunlun-Karakorum,AltunQilian Mountains,Qaidam-Hehuang,East Kunlun-Bayan Har,Qiangtang,East Xizang-West Yunnan-West Sichuan,and Gangdise-Himalayan sub-regions.This paper briefly describes the lithostratigraphic units of the seven stratigraphic sub-regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.According to the lithostratigraphic sequence and its sedimentary characteristics,stratigraphic contact relationship,formation age,and evolution of the biota in each stratigraphic sub-region,the Quaternary tectonic paleogeographic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is divided into four stages.(1)The inherited differential uplift stage since the Pliocene(2.6-1.8/1.5 Ma):the regional sedimentary differences were significant,and the stratigraphic distribution was limited,the alluvial-proluvial sandy conglomerate was widely developed along the piedmont,and fluvial and lacustrine deposits were developed in the low-lying areas between the mountains.(2)The mountain range flattening stage(1.8/1.5-1.2/0.8 Ma):the erosion unconformity surfaces around the plateau were widely distributed,large rivers were 展开更多
A novel theoretical model for mass transfer of hollow fiber bundles in hemodialyzers is presented. In the model, a hemodialyzer is considered as a porous zone which is composed of two non-interpenetrating porous flow ...A novel theoretical model for mass transfer of hollow fiber bundles in hemodialyzers is presented. In the model, a hemodialyzer is considered as a porous zone which is composed of two non-interpenetrating porous flow zones. Firstly, the dialysate side (shell side) is thought as a porous medium zone. Then by solidifying the dialysate flow zone and the occupied zone by hollow fiber membrane, the rest zone of hemodialyzer (i.e. blood side or lumen side) is con-sidered as a porous medium zone too. Finally, the interface of the two flow zones is the fiber membrane through which mass transfer is performed. The dialysate and blood flows are all described by Navier-Stokes equations with Darcy momentum source terms. Kedem-Katchalsky equations as other source terms are added into Navier-Stokes equations to simulate the permeating flux through the membrane. All equations must be coupled together in the process of com-puting. The model is validated by the experimental data in literature. The simulative results show that the predicted clearances agree well with the experimental data, and the model in this paper is better than other models for the fore-cast of clearance.展开更多
Sn_(1−x)Er_(x)O_(2)(x=0%,8%,16%,24%)micro/nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning combined with heat treatment using erbium nitrate,stannous chloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as raw materials.The target produc...Sn_(1−x)Er_(x)O_(2)(x=0%,8%,16%,24%)micro/nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning combined with heat treatment using erbium nitrate,stannous chloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as raw materials.The target products were characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer,X-ray diffrotometer,fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope,spectrophotometer and infrared emissivity tester,and the effects of Er^(3+)doping on its infrared and laser emissivity were studied.At the same time,the Sn_(1−x)Er_(x)O_(2)(x=0%,16%)doping models were constructed based on the first principles of density functional theory,and the related optoelectronic properties such as their energy band structure,density of states,reflectivity and dielectric constant were analyzed,and further explained the mechanism of Er^(3+)doping on SnO_(2)infrared emissivity and laser absorption from the point of electronic structure.The results showed that after calcination at 600℃,single rutile type SnO_(2)was formed,and the crystal structure was not changed by doping Er^(3+).The calcined products showed good fiber morphology,and the average fiber diameter was 402 nm.The infrared emissivity and resistivity of the samples both decreased first and then increased with the increase of Er^(3+)doping amount.When x=16%,the infrared emis-sivity of the sample was at least 0.71;and Er^(3+)doping can effectively reduce the reflectivity of SnO_(2)at 1.06μm and 1.55μm,when x=16%,its reflectivity at 1.06μm and 1.55μm are 50.5%and 40%,respectively,when x=24%,the reflectivity at 1.06μm and 1.55μm wavelengths are 47.3%and 42.1%,respectively.At the same time,the change of carrier concentration and electron transition before and after Er^(3+)doping were described by first-principle calculation,and the regulation mechanism of infrared emissivity and laser reflectivity was explained.This study provides a certain experimental and theoretical basis for the development of a single-type,light-weight and easily prepared infrared and laser compatible-st展开更多
The North Qilian Shan fold and thrust belt,located at the northern Tibetan Plateau and southern margin of the Hexi Corridor,is a key tectonic unit to decode the formation and expansion of the plateau.Previous studies ...The North Qilian Shan fold and thrust belt,located at the northern Tibetan Plateau and southern margin of the Hexi Corridor,is a key tectonic unit to decode the formation and expansion of the plateau.Previous studies emphasize the Cenozoic deformation due to the far-field response to the Indo-Asian collision,but the Mesozoic deformations are poorly constrained in this area.We conducted detailed field mapping,structural analysis,geochronology,and structural interpretation of deep seismic reflectional profiling and magnetotelluric(MT)sounding,to address the superposed results of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation.The results recognized the North Qilian thrust and nappe system(NQTS),the root and the frontal belt are the North Qilian thrust(NQT),and the Yumu Shan klippe(YK),respectively.The middle belt is located between the NQT and the YK.Monzonitic granite zircon U-Pb dating from the middle belt yields an age of ca.415 Ma,which is similar to south NQT.The thrusting displacement is estimated at ca.48 km by structural interpretation of deep profiles.The timing is constrained in the early stage of the Early Cretaceous by the formation of simultaneous growth strata.We suggest that the NQTS has resulted from the far-field effect of the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision,and the Yumu Shan is uplifted by the superposed Cenozoic deformation.展开更多
An all-metal 3-component optical fiber seismometer was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical analysis was given based on the electro-mechanical theory. Calibration results showed that the axis sens...An all-metal 3-component optical fiber seismometer was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical analysis was given based on the electro-mechanical theory. Calibration results showed that the axis sensitivity was about 41 dB （re： 0dB=1rad/g） with a fluctuation ＋2dB in the frequency bandwidth of 5 Hz - 400 Hz. A transverse sensitivity of about -40 dB was achieved. The fluctuation of the acceleration sensitivity for the three accelerometers in the seismometer was within ±2.5 dB. The minimum phase demodulation detection accuracy of the phase-generated cartier （PGC） was 10-Srad/√Hz, and the minimum detectable acceleration was calculated to be 90 ng/√Hz.展开更多
A new type electronic particle counter (EPC, MultisizerTM 3, Beckman Coulter Inc., USA) was used to determine the volumes of human red blood cells (RBCs) in NaCl solutions of different osmolalities. The thermodynamics...A new type electronic particle counter (EPC, MultisizerTM 3, Beckman Coulter Inc., USA) was used to determine the volumes of human red blood cells (RBCs) in NaCl solutions of different osmolalities. The thermodynamics model describing cell response during freezing process was used to simulate the volume change of RBC in 0.9% NaCl solution during equilibrium freezing process. It was assumed that the effect of temperature on cell volume can be neglected compared to that of osmolality, then by using the phase diagram for the binary system sodium chloride/water, the osmolalities of the NaCl solution under different sub-zero temperatures can be obtained (converted from mass concentration), then the calculated values of RBC volumes can be validated by the experiments.展开更多
The Panzhihua mafic intrusion,which hosts a world-class Fe-Ti-V ore deposit,is in the western Emeishan region,SW China.The formation age(~260 Ma),and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion is part of...The Panzhihua mafic intrusion,which hosts a world-class Fe-Ti-V ore deposit,is in the western Emeishan region,SW China.The formation age(~260 Ma),and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion is part of the Emeishan large igneous province and has little crustal contamination.To assess ore genesis of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V ore deposit,two different models have been provided to explain the formation,namely silicate immiscibility and normal fractional crystallization.Silicate immiscibility occurring around 1,000℃at the late stage of basaltic magma evolution argues against the silicate immiscibility model.Apatite-hosted melt inclusion research indicates that silicate immiscibility occurred at the late stage of Panzhihua magma evolution,which may not have offered potential to form such large ore deposits as Panzhihua.Alternatively,continuous compositional variations of the Panzhihua intrusion and calculations using thermodynamic modelling software support the hypothesis that the Panzhihua deposit was formed by normal fractional crystallization.Reciprocal trace element patterns of the Panzhihua intrusion and nearby felsic rocks also coincide with the fractional crystallization model.Normal fractional crystallization of high-Ti basaltic magma played a key role in the formation of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V ore deposit.展开更多
In recent years,owing to the miniaturization of the fluidic environment,microfluidic technology offers unique opportunities for the implementation of nano drug delivery systems(NDDSs)production processes.Compared with...In recent years,owing to the miniaturization of the fluidic environment,microfluidic technology offers unique opportunities for the implementation of nano drug delivery systems(NDDSs)production processes.Compared with traditional methods,microfluidics improves the controllability and uniformity of NDDSs.The fast mixing and laminar flow properties achieved in the microchannels can tune the physicochemical properties of NDDSs,including particle size,distribution and morphology,resulting in narrow particle size distribution and high drug-loading capacity.The success of lipid nanoparticles encapsulated mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 by microfluidics also confirmed its feasibility for scaling up the preparation of NDDSs via parallelization or numbering-up.In this review,we provide a comprehensive summary of microfluidics-based NDDSs,including the fundamentals of microfluidics,microfluidic synthesis of NDDSs,and their industrialization.The challenges of microfluidicsbased NDDSs in the current status and the prospects for future development are also discussed.We believe that this review will provide good guidance for microfluidics-based NDDSs.展开更多
Based on field geological survey, stratigraphic section measurement and indoor comprehensive investigation, the Zanda Basin＇s tectonic location in the Himalaya Plate was ascertained, and the formation and evolution o...Based on field geological survey, stratigraphic section measurement and indoor comprehensive investigation, the Zanda Basin＇s tectonic location in the Himalaya Plate was ascertained, and the formation and evolution of the Zanda Basin during the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as six stages： （a） primary rift-faulting stage, （b） quick rift-faulting Stage, （c） intensive rift-faulting stage, （d） stasis stage, （e） secondary rift-faulting stage, and （f） secondary quick rift-faulting stage. Based on this six-staged formation-evolution theory of the Zanda Basin, the upwelling process of the Western Himalaya Mountains from the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as the following five stages： （a） slow upwelling stage （5.4-4.4 Ma）, （b） mid-velocity upwelling stage （4.4-3.5 Ma）, （c） quick upwelling stage （3.5-3.2 Ma）, （d） upwelling-ceasing stage （3.2-2.7 Ma）, and （e） quick upwelling stage （2.7 Ma）. Research has shown that in the duration from the Early Pliocene （4.7 Ma） to the End of Pliocene （2.67 Ma）, which lasted 2.03 million years, the Himalaya Mountains had uplifted 1500 m at a velocity of 0.74 mm/a; this belongs to a mid-velocity upwening. During the 1.31 million years in the Early Stage of the Early Pleistocene, the Himalaya Mountains had risen up another 1500 m at a velocity of 1.15 mm/a; this is a rather quick upwelling. All of these data have shown that the upwelling of the Western Himalaya Mountains is along a complicated process with multi-stages, multi-velocities, and non-uniformitarian features.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(the DREAM—Deep Resource Exploration and Advanced MiningGrant No.2018YFC0603701)the China Geological Survey(Grant nos.DD20160083 and DD20190011)。
文摘This is a review of the formation and tectonic evolution of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.The continental Asia has formed on the bases of some pre-Cambrian cratons,such as the Siberia,India,Arabia,North China,Tarim,South China,and Indochina,through multi-stage plate convergence and collisional collages in Phanerozoic.The north-central Asia had experienced the expansion and subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO)in the early Paleozoic and the closure of the PAO in the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic,forming the PAO regime and Central Asian orogenic belt(CAOB).In the core of the CAOB,the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean(MOO)opened with limited expansion in the Early Permian and finally closed in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous.The south-central Asia had experienced mainly multi-stage oceanic opening,subduction and collision evolution in the Tethys Ocean,forming the Tethys regime and Himalaya-Tibetan orogenic belt.In eastern Asia,the plate subduction and continental margin orogeny on western margin of the Pacific Ocean,forms the West Pacific regime and West Pacific orogenic belt.The PAO,Tethys,and West Pacific regimes,together with Precambrian cratons among or surrounding them,made up the major tectonic and dynamic systems of the continental Asia in Phanerozoic.Major tectonic events,such as the Early Paleozoic Qilian,Uralian,and Dunhuang orogeneses,the late Paleozoic East Junggar,Tianshan and West Junggar orogeneses,the Middle to Late Permian Ailaoshan orogeny and NorthSouth Lhasa collision,the early Mesozoic Indochina-South China and North-South China collisions,the late Mesozoic Mongolia-Okhotsk orogeny,Lhasa-Qiangtang collision,and intra-continental Yanshanian orogeny,and the Cenozoic IndoAsian,Arab-Asian,and West Pacific margin collisions,constrained the formation and evolution of the continental Asia.The complex dynamic systems have left large number of deformation features,such as large-scale strike-slip faults,thrustfold systems and extensional detachments on the continental Asia.Based on past tectonics,a f
文摘The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine the proportion of new TB patients who received standard doses of rifampicin in multiple provinces of China, and the relationship between low doses of rifampicin and frequency of rifampicin-resistance as well as treatment outcomes. A total of 713 new TB patients were treated with either once-daily dose of bulk anti-TB drugs (group I) or every other day combination blister packs of anti-TB drugs containing rifampicin (group II) at more than 30 TB treatment centers/hospitals in China. Treatment history, therapeutic doses of rifampicin, and information about patients were extracted from their medical records and analyzed, and rifampicin-resistance of isolates collected from patients following the treatment as well as treatment outcomes were compared between two treatment groups. Among 522 patients in treatment group I, 154 (29.5%) received standard and 363 (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin;238 (45.6%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 243 (46.6%) were successfully treated. Among 191 patients in treatment group II, 175 (91.6%) received standard and 15 (7.9%) received low doses of rifampicin;72 (37.7%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 105 (55%) were successfully treated. When patients who received low doses of rifampicin were compared to others within the same treatment group, increased rates for rifampicin-resistance and treatment failure were observed. Results from this study showed that most new TB patients in treatment group I (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin, and their treatment outcomes were worse than those in treatment group II, indicating that low doses of rifampicin used for the initial treatment of new TB patients were correlated to increased frequency of rifampicin-resistance and poorer treatment outcomes.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0205302)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20191382)+2 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD,YX030003)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2018732)the Natural Science Key Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(17KJA430011).
文摘The formation of bacterial biofilms closely associates with infectious diseases.Until now,precise diagnosis and effective treatment of bacterial biofilm infections are still in great need.Herein,a novel multifunctional theranostic nanoplatform based on MnO_(2)nanosheets(MnO_(2)NSs)has been designed to achieve pH-responsive dual-mode imaging and hypoxia-relief-enhanced antimicrobial photodynamic therapy(aPDT)of bacterial biofilm infections.In this study,MnO_(2)NSs were modified with bovine serum albumin(BSA)and polyethylene glycol(PEG)and then loaded with chlorin e_(6)(Ce_(6))as photosensitizer to form MnO_(2)-BSA/PEG-Ce_(6)nanosheets(MBP-Ce_(6)NSs).After being delivered into the bacterial biofilm-infected tissues,the MBP-Ce_(6)NSs could be decomposed in acidic biofilm microenvironment and release Ce_(6)with Mn^(2+),which subsequently activate both fluorescence(FL)and magnetic resonance(MR)signals for effective dual-mode FL/MR imaging of bacterial biofilm infections.Meanwhile,MnO_(2)could catalyze the decomposing of H2O_(2)in biofilm-infected tissues into O_(2)and relieve the hypoxic condition of biofilm,which significantly enhances the efficacy of aPDT.An in vitro study showed that MBP-Ce_(6)NSs could significantly reduce the number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)in biofilms after 635nm laser irradiation.Guided by FL/MR imaging,MRSA biofilm-infected mice can be efficiently treated by MBP-Ce_(6)NSs-based aPDT.Overall,MBP-Ce_(6)NSs not only possess biofilm microenvironment-responsive dual-mode FL/MR imaging ability but also have significantly enhanced aPDT efficacy by relieving the hypoxia habitat of biofilm,which provides a promising theranostic nanoplatform for bacterial biofilm infections.
基金This study was supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation grant 40572134 the Land and Resources Survey project ＂Environmental Evolution Sequence of Tertiary Major Paleolakes on the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau＂ （Ke[2003]007-02）.
文摘The characteristics of Late Cenozoic tectonic uplift of the southern margin of the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau may be inferred from fluvio-lacustrine strata in the Zanda basin, Ngari, Tibet. Magnetostratigraphic study shows that the very thick fluvio-lacustrine strata in the basin are 5.89- 0.78 Ma old and that their deposition persisted for 5.11 Ma, i.e. starting at the end of the Miocene and ending at the end of the early Pleistocene, with the Quaternary glacial stage starting in the area no later than 1.58 Ma. Analysis of the sedimentary environment indicates that the Zanda basin on the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau began uplift at -5.89 Ma, later than the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Presence of gravel beds in the Guge and Qangze Formations reflects that strong uplift took place at -5.15 and -2.71 Ma, with the uplift peaking at -2.71 Ma.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2018YFC0603700)research grants from the China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.DD20230408,DD20190011,DD20191011 and DD20221824)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(Grant No.JKY202011)the Key Laboratory of Airborne Geophysics and Remote Sensing Geology Ministry of Natural Resources(Grant No.2023YFL23)。
文摘The Tianshan range,a Paleozoic orogenic belt in Central Asia,has undergone multiple phases of tectonic activities characterized by the N-S compression after the early Mesozoic,including the far-field effects of the Cenozoic Indian-Asian collision.However,there are limited reports on the tectonic deformation and initiation of Triassic intracontinental deformation in the Tianshan range.Understanding this structural context is crucial for interpreting the early intracontinental deformation history of the Eurasian continent during the early Mesozoic.Growth strata and syn-tectonic sediments provide a rich source of information on tectonic activities and have been extensively used in the studies of orogenic belts.Based on detail fieldwork conducted in this study,the middle-late Triassic Kelamayi Formation of the northern Kuqa Depression in the southern Tianshan fold-thrust belt has been identified as the typical syn-tectonic growth strata.The youngest detrital zircon component in two lithic sandstone samples from the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata yielded U-Pb ages of 223.4±3.1 and 215.5±2.9 Ma,respectively,indicating that the maximum depositional age of the bottom and top of the Kelamayi growth strata is 226-220 and 218-212 Ma.The geochronological distribution of detrital samples from the Early-Middle Triassic and Late Triassic revealed abrupt changes,suggesting a new source supply resulting from tectonic activation in the Tianshan range.The coupling relationship between the syn-tectonic sedimentation of the Kelamayi Formation and the South Tianshan fold-thrust system provides robust evidence that the Triassic intracontinental deformation of the South Tianshan range began at approximately 226-220 Ma(during the Late Triassic)and ended at approximately 218-212 Ma.These findings provide crucial constraints for understanding the intraplate deformation in the Tianshan range during the Triassic.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support from Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)SERC Pharos project(grant number 1527300025)In addition,Z.D.and J.K.W.Y.would like to acknowledge the A*STAR AME IRG funding support with the project number A20E5c0093+4 种基金Z.D.acknowledges support from A*STAR career development award(CDA)with the grant number 202D8088M.B.acknowledges support from the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2(project number MOE2019-T2-1-179)A.I.F.D.was supported by a 2019 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators,BBVA FoundationZ.M.acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 823717–ESTEEM3J.K.W.Y.would like to acknowledge the funding from National Research Foundation(NRF)Singapore with the grant numbers NRF-CRP20-2017-0001 and NRF-NRFI06-2020-0005.
文摘Bound-states-in-the-continuum(BIC)is an emerging concept in nanophotonics with potential impact in applications,such as hyperspectral imaging,mirror-less lasing,and nonlinear harmonic generation.As true BIC modes are nonradiative,they cannot be excited by using propagating light to investigate their optical characteristics.In this paper,for the 1st time,we map out the strong near-field localization of the true BIC resonance on arrays of silicon nanoantennas,via electron energy loss spectroscopy with a sub-1-nm electron beam.By systematically breaking the designed antenna symmetry,emissive quasi-BIC resonances become visible.This gives a unique experimental tool to determine the coherent interaction length,which we show to require at least six neighboring antenna elements.More importantly,we demonstrate that quasi-BIC resonances are able to enhance localized light emission via the Purcell effect by at least 60 times,as compared to unpatterned silicon.This work is expected to enable practical applications of designed,ultra-compact BIC antennas such as for the controlled,localized excitation of quantum emitters.
基金National Safety Academy Foundation(U1830116, U2130112)National Natural Science Foundation of China (62175205)+2 种基金Youth Talent Support Program of Fujian Province (Eyas Plan of Fujian Province)([2022])Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program (JCYJ20220530143015035)Agency for Science,Technology and Research (A20E5c0093, C210112019,C230917001, M21K2c0116, M22K2c0088, NRF2021-QEP2-03-P09)。
文摘2D materials are promising candidates as nonlinear optical components for on-chip devices due to their ultrathin structure. In general, their nonlinear optical responses are inherently weak due to the short interaction thickness with light. Recently, there has been great interest in using quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) of dielectric metasurfaces, which are able to achieve remarkable optical near-field enhancement for elevating the second harmonic generation (SHG) emission from 2D materials. However, most studies focus on the design of combining bulk dielectric metasurfaces with unpatterned 2D materials, which suffer considerable radiation loss and limit near-field enhancement by high-quality q-BIC resonances. Here, we investigate the dielectric metasurface evolution from bulk silicon to monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and discover the critical role of meta-atom thickness design on enhancing near-field effects of two q-BIC modes. We further introduce the strongcoupling of the two q-BIC modes by oblique incidence manipulation, and enhance the localized optical field on monolayer MoS2dramatically. In the ultraviolet and visible regions, the MoS2SHG enhancement factor of our design is 105times higher than that of conventional bulk metasurfaces, leading to an extremely high nonlinear conversion efficiency of 5.8%. Our research will provide an important theoretical guide for the design of high-performance nonlinear devices based on 2D materials.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81971675,22275099)Project of State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays,Nanjing University of Posts&Telecommunications(No.GDX2022010014)Natural Science Research Start up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY222067).
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is an effective treatment method for tumors.But the specifically accumulated of photosensitizer was very difficult in the tumor site,which greatly limited the efficacy of PDT.Here,mitochondria-targeted Janus mesoporous nanoplatform(JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc)for PDT was prepared,the nanoplatform has uniform size(275 nm)and good dispersion and biocompatibility.The confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)revealed the signal of ZnPc of JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc were higher than JPMO-Pt-ZnPc in tumor cells,and flow cytometry results showed the cell uptake efficiency of JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc was 2.5-fold higher than that of JPMO-Pt-ZnPc.This revealed the modification of CTPP significantly improves the targeting ability of the nanoplatform.In vitro anti-tumor experiment showed the JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cells upon the irradiation of low-power laser,and the survival rate of cells incubated with 60μg/mL JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc was only 3%.Simultaneously,compared with JPMO-Pt-ZnPc(not modified with mitochondria targeting molecules CTPP),the PDT efficacy of JPMO-Pt-CTPP-ZnPc was significantly better,as it has targeted mitochondria in cells.
基金support from the China Geological Survey(Grant No.DD20190018)。
文摘The thrust nappe played an important role in the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the middle part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).However,the timing,structural style and kinematic processes of the thrust nappe remain controversial,particularly the detail of the thrust nappe in the Guaizihu region(110 km east of Ejinaq).In this study,we investigate new field mapping,seismic sections,geochronology and low-temperature thermochronometric dating to provide constraints on the history of this thrust nappe in the Chaheilingashun area(northwestern Guaizihu region).The field mapping,seismic sections and structural analysis reveal that the autochthonous system had developed a series of strong fold structures in the upper Permian strata.The allochthonous system mainly contains Devonian monzogranite(U-Pb age,ranges from 386.7 to 389.0 Ma)and Meso–Neoproterozoic schists(the maximum depositional age,~880 Ma),which were thrust upon the upper Permian strata during Middle to Late Triassic.Based on similar rocks,geochronological dating and the Yagan thrust,we suggest that the postulated root zone of this allochthon might have originated from the Huhetaoergai area(40–60 km northwest of the study area).The geochronological results reveal that the lower age limit of this thrust nappe is constrained by the Lower–Middle Triassic syntectonic sediments(tuffaceous sandstone,~247 Ma),which is the sedimentary response of the fold structure.,The timing of the termination of this thrust nappe is defined by the cooling age(^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar data,217–211 Ma)of the Devonian monzogranite and Meso–Neoproterozoic schists.Thus,we consider this thrust event in the study area to potentially have occurred in the period from 247 Ma to 211 Ma,which may represent the tectonic response to the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.DD20221645,DD20221648,DD20190370)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91962219)。
文摘The Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contain rich information about the paleoclimate and environmental evolution,record the evolution process of the Quaternary regional tectonics,paleogeography,and geomorphology of the plateau,and are extremely important areas for studying the Quaternary geological events and regional environmental evolution.According to a comprehensive analysis of the regional stratigraphic data and the development and evolution characteristics of the biota,based on the differences in the lithostratigraphic units,sedimentary characteristics,landforms,and drainage systems,the Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas are divided into five stratigraphic regions:the Tarim region,Loess Plateau region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region,and India-Ganges region.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau stratigraphic region is divided into seven stratigraphic sub-regions:the West Kunlun-Karakorum,AltunQilian Mountains,Qaidam-Hehuang,East Kunlun-Bayan Har,Qiangtang,East Xizang-West Yunnan-West Sichuan,and Gangdise-Himalayan sub-regions.This paper briefly describes the lithostratigraphic units of the seven stratigraphic sub-regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.According to the lithostratigraphic sequence and its sedimentary characteristics,stratigraphic contact relationship,formation age,and evolution of the biota in each stratigraphic sub-region,the Quaternary tectonic paleogeographic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is divided into four stages.(1)The inherited differential uplift stage since the Pliocene(2.6-1.8/1.5 Ma):the regional sedimentary differences were significant,and the stratigraphic distribution was limited,the alluvial-proluvial sandy conglomerate was widely developed along the piedmont,and fluvial and lacustrine deposits were developed in the low-lying areas between the mountains.(2)The mountain range flattening stage(1.8/1.5-1.2/0.8 Ma):the erosion unconformity surfaces around the plateau were widely distributed,large rivers were
文摘A novel theoretical model for mass transfer of hollow fiber bundles in hemodialyzers is presented. In the model, a hemodialyzer is considered as a porous zone which is composed of two non-interpenetrating porous flow zones. Firstly, the dialysate side (shell side) is thought as a porous medium zone. Then by solidifying the dialysate flow zone and the occupied zone by hollow fiber membrane, the rest zone of hemodialyzer (i.e. blood side or lumen side) is con-sidered as a porous medium zone too. Finally, the interface of the two flow zones is the fiber membrane through which mass transfer is performed. The dialysate and blood flows are all described by Navier-Stokes equations with Darcy momentum source terms. Kedem-Katchalsky equations as other source terms are added into Navier-Stokes equations to simulate the permeating flux through the membrane. All equations must be coupled together in the process of com-puting. The model is validated by the experimental data in literature. The simulative results show that the predicted clearances agree well with the experimental data, and the model in this paper is better than other models for the fore-cast of clearance.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(No.21351501D)A Provincial and Ministerial Scientific Research Project(LJ20212C031165)Basic Frontier Science and Technology Innovation Project of Army Engineering University of PLA(KYSZJQZL2210)。
文摘Sn_(1−x)Er_(x)O_(2)(x=0%,8%,16%,24%)micro/nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning combined with heat treatment using erbium nitrate,stannous chloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as raw materials.The target products were characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer,X-ray diffrotometer,fourier transform infrared spectrometer,scanning electron microscope,spectrophotometer and infrared emissivity tester,and the effects of Er^(3+)doping on its infrared and laser emissivity were studied.At the same time,the Sn_(1−x)Er_(x)O_(2)(x=0%,16%)doping models were constructed based on the first principles of density functional theory,and the related optoelectronic properties such as their energy band structure,density of states,reflectivity and dielectric constant were analyzed,and further explained the mechanism of Er^(3+)doping on SnO_(2)infrared emissivity and laser absorption from the point of electronic structure.The results showed that after calcination at 600℃,single rutile type SnO_(2)was formed,and the crystal structure was not changed by doping Er^(3+).The calcined products showed good fiber morphology,and the average fiber diameter was 402 nm.The infrared emissivity and resistivity of the samples both decreased first and then increased with the increase of Er^(3+)doping amount.When x=16%,the infrared emis-sivity of the sample was at least 0.71;and Er^(3+)doping can effectively reduce the reflectivity of SnO_(2)at 1.06μm and 1.55μm,when x=16%,its reflectivity at 1.06μm and 1.55μm are 50.5%and 40%,respectively,when x=24%,the reflectivity at 1.06μm and 1.55μm wavelengths are 47.3%and 42.1%,respectively.At the same time,the change of carrier concentration and electron transition before and after Er^(3+)doping were described by first-principle calculation,and the regulation mechanism of infrared emissivity and laser reflectivity was explained.This study provides a certain experimental and theoretical basis for the development of a single-type,light-weight and easily prepared infrared and laser compatible-st
基金financially supported by the China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.DD20230229,DD20160083,DD20190011,DD20221643-5)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(the DREAM—Deep Resource Exploration and Advanced Mining+1 种基金Grant No.2018YFC0603701)the Cooperative Project between the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and the Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company(Grant No.P22065)。
文摘The North Qilian Shan fold and thrust belt,located at the northern Tibetan Plateau and southern margin of the Hexi Corridor,is a key tectonic unit to decode the formation and expansion of the plateau.Previous studies emphasize the Cenozoic deformation due to the far-field response to the Indo-Asian collision,but the Mesozoic deformations are poorly constrained in this area.We conducted detailed field mapping,structural analysis,geochronology,and structural interpretation of deep seismic reflectional profiling and magnetotelluric(MT)sounding,to address the superposed results of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation.The results recognized the North Qilian thrust and nappe system(NQTS),the root and the frontal belt are the North Qilian thrust(NQT),and the Yumu Shan klippe(YK),respectively.The middle belt is located between the NQT and the YK.Monzonitic granite zircon U-Pb dating from the middle belt yields an age of ca.415 Ma,which is similar to south NQT.The thrusting displacement is estimated at ca.48 km by structural interpretation of deep profiles.The timing is constrained in the early stage of the Early Cretaceous by the formation of simultaneous growth strata.We suggest that the NQTS has resulted from the far-field effect of the Lhasa-Qiangtang collision,and the Yumu Shan is uplifted by the superposed Cenozoic deformation.
文摘An all-metal 3-component optical fiber seismometer was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical analysis was given based on the electro-mechanical theory. Calibration results showed that the axis sensitivity was about 41 dB （re： 0dB=1rad/g） with a fluctuation ＋2dB in the frequency bandwidth of 5 Hz - 400 Hz. A transverse sensitivity of about -40 dB was achieved. The fluctuation of the acceleration sensitivity for the three accelerometers in the seismometer was within ±2.5 dB. The minimum phase demodulation detection accuracy of the phase-generated cartier （PGC） was 10-Srad/√Hz, and the minimum detectable acceleration was calculated to be 90 ng/√Hz.
基金supported by the Chang-Jiang Scholar Award,Hundred-Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2000-2003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50106016)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant Nos.00047520 and 03043717).
文摘A new type electronic particle counter (EPC, MultisizerTM 3, Beckman Coulter Inc., USA) was used to determine the volumes of human red blood cells (RBCs) in NaCl solutions of different osmolalities. The thermodynamics model describing cell response during freezing process was used to simulate the volume change of RBC in 0.9% NaCl solution during equilibrium freezing process. It was assumed that the effect of temperature on cell volume can be neglected compared to that of osmolality, then by using the phase diagram for the binary system sodium chloride/water, the osmolalities of the NaCl solution under different sub-zero temperatures can be obtained (converted from mass concentration), then the calculated values of RBC volumes can be validated by the experiments.
基金co-supported by the China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.DD20230229,DD20190011,DD20221643)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(Grant No.2018YFC0603701)。
文摘The Panzhihua mafic intrusion,which hosts a world-class Fe-Ti-V ore deposit,is in the western Emeishan region,SW China.The formation age(~260 Ma),and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion is part of the Emeishan large igneous province and has little crustal contamination.To assess ore genesis of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V ore deposit,two different models have been provided to explain the formation,namely silicate immiscibility and normal fractional crystallization.Silicate immiscibility occurring around 1,000℃at the late stage of basaltic magma evolution argues against the silicate immiscibility model.Apatite-hosted melt inclusion research indicates that silicate immiscibility occurred at the late stage of Panzhihua magma evolution,which may not have offered potential to form such large ore deposits as Panzhihua.Alternatively,continuous compositional variations of the Panzhihua intrusion and calculations using thermodynamic modelling software support the hypothesis that the Panzhihua deposit was formed by normal fractional crystallization.Reciprocal trace element patterns of the Panzhihua intrusion and nearby felsic rocks also coincide with the fractional crystallization model.Normal fractional crystallization of high-Ti basaltic magma played a key role in the formation of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V ore deposit.
基金supported by the projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073784,China)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program(No.20200801012GH,China)Industrial Technology Research and Development Projects from the Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province Major Science and Technology Special Projects(20200504005YY,China)。
文摘In recent years,owing to the miniaturization of the fluidic environment,microfluidic technology offers unique opportunities for the implementation of nano drug delivery systems(NDDSs)production processes.Compared with traditional methods,microfluidics improves the controllability and uniformity of NDDSs.The fast mixing and laminar flow properties achieved in the microchannels can tune the physicochemical properties of NDDSs,including particle size,distribution and morphology,resulting in narrow particle size distribution and high drug-loading capacity.The success of lipid nanoparticles encapsulated mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 by microfluidics also confirmed its feasibility for scaling up the preparation of NDDSs via parallelization or numbering-up.In this review,we provide a comprehensive summary of microfluidics-based NDDSs,including the fundamentals of microfluidics,microfluidic synthesis of NDDSs,and their industrialization.The challenges of microfluidicsbased NDDSs in the current status and the prospects for future development are also discussed.We believe that this review will provide good guidance for microfluidics-based NDDSs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.40572134)the China Geological Survey Projects"The Key Tertiary Ancient Lakes Environmental Evolution Series of China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau"(Grant No.Science[2005]005-02+2 种基金1212010511902)"The Study of Neotectonics and Late Cenozoic Gigantic Ancient Lakes of China's Qinghai-Tibet Plateau"(Grant No.Basic[2008]Tibet 21-18Grant No. 1212010610108)
文摘Based on field geological survey, stratigraphic section measurement and indoor comprehensive investigation, the Zanda Basin＇s tectonic location in the Himalaya Plate was ascertained, and the formation and evolution of the Zanda Basin during the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as six stages： （a） primary rift-faulting stage, （b） quick rift-faulting Stage, （c） intensive rift-faulting stage, （d） stasis stage, （e） secondary rift-faulting stage, and （f） secondary quick rift-faulting stage. Based on this six-staged formation-evolution theory of the Zanda Basin, the upwelling process of the Western Himalaya Mountains from the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as the following five stages： （a） slow upwelling stage （5.4-4.4 Ma）, （b） mid-velocity upwelling stage （4.4-3.5 Ma）, （c） quick upwelling stage （3.5-3.2 Ma）, （d） upwelling-ceasing stage （3.2-2.7 Ma）, and （e） quick upwelling stage （2.7 Ma）. Research has shown that in the duration from the Early Pliocene （4.7 Ma） to the End of Pliocene （2.67 Ma）, which lasted 2.03 million years, the Himalaya Mountains had uplifted 1500 m at a velocity of 0.74 mm/a; this belongs to a mid-velocity upwening. During the 1.31 million years in the Early Stage of the Early Pleistocene, the Himalaya Mountains had risen up another 1500 m at a velocity of 1.15 mm/a; this is a rather quick upwelling. All of these data have shown that the upwelling of the Western Himalaya Mountains is along a complicated process with multi-stages, multi-velocities, and non-uniformitarian features.
