Severe burn causes significant metabolic derangements that make nutritional support uniquely important and challenging for burned patients. Burn injury causes a persistent and prolonged hypermetabolic state and increa...Severe burn causes significant metabolic derangements that make nutritional support uniquely important and challenging for burned patients. Burn injury causes a persistent and prolonged hypermetabolic state and increased catabolism that results in increased muscle wasting and cachexia. Metabolic rates of burn patients can surpass twice normal, and failure to fulfill these energy requirements causes impaired wound healing, organ dysfunction,and susceptibility to infection. Adequate assessment and provision of nutritional needs is imperative to care for these patients. There is no consensus regarding the optimal timing, route, amount, and composition of nutritional support for burn patients, but most clinicians advocate for early enteral nutrition with highcarbohydrate formulas.Nutritional support must be individualized, monitored, and adjusted throughout recovery. Further investigation is needed regarding optimal nutritional support and accurate nutritional endpoints and goals.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay ...BACKGROUND： Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions.DATA SOURCES： The data of mouse hepatic models and rele- vant human liver diseases presented in this review are system- atically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS： The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CC14, acetaminophen or alcohol represent ne- crotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, for- mation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-a induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The ConA-hepatitis demonstrat- ed the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The a-GalCer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-a. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-a, Fas/FasL, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly（I：C） induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-a signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated by hypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune ceils and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis （HBV, HCV）, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcohol- ic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed. CONCLUSIONS： The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel approach for the study of human展开更多
In the present work,the fruits of four Morus species,namely Morus alba (white mulberry),Morus nigra (black mulberry),Morus laevigata (large white fruit),and Morus laevigata (large black fruit),were analyzed for proxim...In the present work,the fruits of four Morus species,namely Morus alba (white mulberry),Morus nigra (black mulberry),Morus laevigata (large white fruit),and Morus laevigata (large black fruit),were analyzed for proximate composition,essential minerals,and antioxidant potentials.For this purpose,the ripe fruits were collected from the northern regions of Pakistan.The major nutritional components moisture,ash,lipids,proteins,fibres,carbohydrates,and total sugar) were found to be in the suitable range along with good computed energy.Total dry weight,pH,and titratable acidity (percent citric acid) were (17.60±1.94)–(21.97±2.34) mg/100 g,(3.20±0.07)–(4.78±0.15),and (0.84±0.40)%–(2.00±0.08)%,respectively.Low riboflavin (vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3) contents were recorded in all the fruits,while ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was in the range from (15.20±1.25) to (17.03±1.71) mg/100 g fresh weight (FW).The mulberry fruits were rich with regard to the total phenol and alkaloid contents,having values of (880±7.20)–(1650±12.25) mg/100 g FW and (390±3.22)–(660±5.25) mg/100 g FW,respectively.Sufficient quantities of essential macro-(K,Ca,Mg,and Na) and micro-(Fe,Zn,and Ni) elements were found in all the fruits.K was the predominant element with concentration ranging from (1270±9.36) to (1731±11.50) mg/100 g,while Ca,Na,and Mg contents were (440±3.21)–(576±7.37),(260±3.86)–(280±3.50),and (240±3.51)–(360±4.20) mg/100 g,respectivly.The decreasing order of micro-minerals was Fe>Zn>Ni.The radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of fruits was concentration-dependent and showed a correlation with total phenolic constituents of the respective fruits.Based on the results obtained,mulberry fruits were found to serve as a potential source of food diet and natural antioxidants.展开更多
The phenomenon of direct-contact condensation,used in steam driven jet injectors,nuclear reactor emergency core cooling systems and direct-contact heat exchangers,was investigated computationally by introducing a ther...The phenomenon of direct-contact condensation,used in steam driven jet injectors,nuclear reactor emergency core cooling systems and direct-contact heat exchangers,was investigated computationally by introducing a thermal equilibrium model for direct-contact condensation of steam in subcooled water.The condensation model presented was a two resistance model which takes care of the heat transfer process on both sides of the interface and uses a variable steam bubble diameter.The injection of supersonic steam jet in subcooled water tank was simulated using the Euler-Euler multiphase flow model of Fluent 6.3 code with the condensation model incorporated. The findings of the computational fluid dynamics（CFD） simulations were compared with the published experimental data and fairly good agreement was observed between the two,thus validating the condensation model.The results of CFD simulations for dimensionless penetration length of steam plume varies from 2.73-7.33,while the condensation heat transfer coefficient varies from 0.75-0.917 MW·（m ^2 ·K）^ -1 for water temperature in the range of 293-343 K.展开更多
Rapeseed (Brassica napus),an important oilseed crop,has adapted to diverse climate zones and latitudes by forming three main ecotype groups,namely winter,semiwinter,and spring types. However,genetic variations underly...Rapeseed (Brassica napus),an important oilseed crop,has adapted to diverse climate zones and latitudes by forming three main ecotype groups,namely winter,semiwinter,and spring types. However,genetic variations underlying the divergence of these ecotypes are largely unknown. Here,we report the global pattern of genetic polymorphisms in rapeseed determined by resequencing a worldwide collection of 991 germplasm accessions.A total of 5.56 and 5.53 million singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)as Well as 1.86 and 1.92 million InDels were identified by mapping reads to the reference genomes of "Darmor-bzh"and "Tapidor,"respectively.We generated a map of allelic drift paths that shows splits and mixtures of the main populations,and revealed an asymmetric evolution of the two subgenomes of B.napus by calculating the genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium parameters.Selective-sweep analysis revealed genetic changes in genes orthologous to those regulating various aspects of plant development and response to stresses.A genome-wide association study identified SNPs in the promoter regions of FLOWERING LOCUS T and FLOWERING LOCUS C orthologs that corresponded to the different rapeseed ecotype groups. Our study provides important insights into the genomic footprints of rapeseed evolution and flowering-time divergence among three ecotype groups,and will facilitate screening of molecular markers for accelerating rapeseed breeding.展开更多
The increasing demand for clean energy and growing concerns regarding environmental sustainability have led to greater attention devoted toward the production of clean fuels via green chemistry.In this respect,ammonia...The increasing demand for clean energy and growing concerns regarding environmental sustainability have led to greater attention devoted toward the production of clean fuels via green chemistry.In this respect,ammonia is a green alternative to fossil fuels and can serve as a clean energy source.There is now great interest in realizing the electrochemical reduction in atmospheric nitrogen(N_(2))for cheap,environmentally friendly and reliable ammonia(NH_(3))production worldwide.However,the robustness of the triple bond in N2 and the low efficiency of candidate catalysts limit the utility of this conversion.Single atom catalysts have been found to be more effective than nanoparticles due to their unique properties,and thus have been studied extensively for the nitrogen reduction reaction.In this review,we have covered the recent advances in design and synthesis of noble metal and non-noble metal single atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction in nitrogen during the years 2018-2022.The catalyst efficiencies,with reference to coordination preferences and theoretical studies have been discussed.Moreover,we also provide insights into the current challenges and some considerations for further future studies.展开更多
Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of Forsythia koreana(F. koreana) and evaluate its ef ects on bacterial strains. Methods: The essential oil of leaf of F. koreana was extracted by ...Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of Forsythia koreana(F. koreana) and evaluate its ef ects on bacterial strains. Methods: The essential oil of leaf of F. koreana was extracted by using hydrodistillation process and the volatile components investigated with the help of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was carried out with the help of agar disc dif usion method, MIC, MBC and viable count. The mode of action was determined with help of potassium ion l ux, cellular material release and scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant activity was determined with the help of 2, 3-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, nitric oxide scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging assay. Results: Total ten compounds were identii ed as trans-phytol(42.73%), cis-3-hexenol(12.95%), 毬-linalool(10.68%), trans-2-hexenal(8.86%), trans-2-hexenol(8.86%), myrcenol(3.86%), 4-vinylphenyl acetate(3.86%),(4Z)-4,6-heptadien-1-ol(3.18%), lemonol(2.73%) and benzeneacetaldehyde(2.27%) by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was demonstrated that leaf essential oil of F. koreana act against foodborne and other pathogenic bacteria. The mode of action revealed that this essential oil acted on the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in loss of integrity and increased permeability. In addition, leaf essential oil of F. koreana was shown to be rich in linalool, which contributes to improved antioxidant activity. Conclusions: These results show that leaf essential oil of F. koreana has great potential as a natural food preservative, antibacterial and antioxidant agent.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the association between hepatitis C infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:Observational studies assessing the relationship between hepatitis C infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus were id...AIM:To investigate the association between hepatitis C infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:Observational studies assessing the relationship between hepatitis C infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified via electronic and hand searches.Studies published between 1988 to March 2011 were screened,according to the inclusion criteria set for the present analysis.Authors performed separate analyses for the comparisons between hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected and not infected,and HCV infected and hepatitis B virus infected.The included studies were further subgrouped according to the study design.Heterogenity was assessed using I2 statistics.The summary odds ratios with their corresponding 95% CIs were calculated based on a random-effects model.The included studies were subgrouped according to the study design.To assess any factor that could potentially affect the outcome,results were further stratified by age group(proportion of ≥ 40 years),gender(proportion of male gender),body mass index(BMI)(pro-portion of BMI ≥ 27),and family history of diabetes(i.e.,self reported).For stability of results,a sensitivity analysis was conducted including only prospective studies.RESULTS:Combining the electronic database and hand searches,a total of 35 observational studies(in 31 articles) were identified for the final analysis.Based on random-effects model,17 studies(n = 286 084) compared hepatitis C-infected patients with those who were uninfected [summary odds ratio(OR):1.68,95% CI:1.15-2.45].Of these 17 studies,7 were both a cross-sectional design(41.2%) and cohort design(41.2%),while 3 were case-control studies(17.6%).Nineteen studies(n = 51 156) compared hepatitis C-infected participants with hepatitis B-infected(summary OR:1.92,95% CI:1.41-2.62).Of these 19 studies,4(21.1%),6(31.6%) and 9(47.4%) were cross-sectional,cohort and case-control studies,respectively.A sensitivity analysis with 3 prospective studies indicated that hepatitis C-infected patients had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes c展开更多
Cement industry is an intensive source of fuel consumption and greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions. This industry is responsible for 5% of GHGs emissions and is among the top industrial sources of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) ...Cement industry is an intensive source of fuel consumption and greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions. This industry is responsible for 5% of GHGs emissions and is among the top industrial sources of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions. Therefore, CO_(2) emissions reduction from cement production process has been always an appealing subject for researches in universities and industry. Various efforts have been carried out to mitigate the huge mass of CO_(2) emissions from the cement industry. Although, majority of these strategies are technically viable, due to various barriers, the level of CO_(2) mitigation in cement industry is still not satisfactory. Among numerous researches on this topic, only a few have tried to answer why CO_(2) abatement strategies are not globally practiced yet. This work aims to highlight the challenges and barriers against widespread and effective implementation of CO_(2) mitigation strategies in the cement industry and to propose practical solutions to overcome such barriers.展开更多
The sixth-generation(6G)network must provide better performance than previous generations to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications,such as multi-gigabit transmission rate,higher reliability,and s...The sixth-generation(6G)network must provide better performance than previous generations to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications,such as multi-gigabit transmission rate,higher reliability,and sub-1 ms latency and ubiquitous connection for the Internet of Everything(IoE).However,with the scarcity of spectrum resources,efficient resource management and sharing are crucial to achieving all these ambitious requirements.One possible technology to achieve all this is the blockchain.Because of its inherent properties,the blockchain has recently gained an important position,which is of great significance to the 6G network and other networks.In particular,the integration of the blockchain in 6G will enable the network to monitor and manage resource utilization and sharing efficiently.Hence,in this paper,we discuss the potentials of the blockchain for resource management and sharing in 6G using multiple application scenarios,namely,Internet of things,deviceto-device communications,network slicing,and inter-domain blockchain ecosystems.展开更多
Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause f...Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause fatal illness since decades but the population effected by this lethal virus have still only a few options for its management. The major treatment strategies include interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues. These agents have so far produced unsatisfactory results in terms of complete virus eradication. Interferons cannot be used for long term therapy because of their potential side effects. Prolong treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues has also been reported to cause serious side effects besides the increasing resistance by the virus. The need for new innovative solutions for treatment of HBV has been realized by global research institutes and pharmaceutical industry. Present review focuses in detail on the new ideas that are being transformed into therapeutic tools for use as future therapies in HBV infection. Modern drug designing and screening methods have made the drug discovery process shorter and more reliable. HBV therapeutics will take a new turn in coming years owing to these intelligent drug designing and screening methods. Future therapy of HBV is aiming to include the use of vaccines(both prophylactic and therapeutic), immunomodulators such as antibodies, non-nucleoside antivirals such as RNAi and inhibitors of viral life cycle.展开更多
Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings,with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities.Among many current therapeutic options for t...Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings,with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities.Among many current therapeutic options for the treatment of IFIs,amphotericin B(AmB)is the most frequently used drug.AmB is considered as a first-line drug in the clinic that has strong antifungal activity and less resistance.In this review,we summarized the most promising research efforts on nanocarriers for AmB delivery and highlighted their efficacy and safety for treating IFIs.We have also discussed the mechanism of actions of AmB,rationale for treating IFIs,and recent advances in formulating AmB for clinical use.Finally,this review discusses some practical considerations and provides recommendations for future studies in applying AmB for combating IFIs.展开更多
A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An...A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite cathode material was successfully synthesized and results show that La and Ce co-modification noticeably improves the electrochemical performance by enhancing the high voltage capacity upon cycling,which indicates contributions from the good ionic conductors LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).The simultaneous La and Ce modification improves the high voltage performance significantly with an increase of 50%in high voltage capacity after 20 cycles compared to pure LVOP.It also shows stabilized cycling perfo rmance with 91%capacity rete ntion after 50 cycles at 0.1 C rate,along with high-rate capability with a capacity of 83.1 mAh/g compared to the pristine sample showing the capacity of 51.6 mAh/g at a high rate of 5C.This can be attributed to the good conductivity of LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).In addition,the LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite and the pristine LVOP give a charge transfer resistance of-105 and-212Ω,respectively,showing much lower impedance due to a combination of La and Ce addition.展开更多
Optical data storage technology has many advantages over the traditional solid-state and magnetic storage technology,such as low cost,multi-dimensional storage,and rewritable capability.Therefore,the optical data stor...Optical data storage technology has many advantages over the traditional solid-state and magnetic storage technology,such as low cost,multi-dimensional storage,and rewritable capability.Therefore,the optical data storage technology has been in increasing demand for optical storage media.Herein,the photochromic and photoluminescence properties of BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics were investigated.The BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics showed reversible photochromism from gray to pink upon alternating the 254 nm ultraviolet light and 532 nm laser irradiation.This is caused by the electron trapping and de-trapping in the oxygen vacancies of the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+host.This reversible behavior of photochromism was applied to fabricate different patterns on the surface of the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics,which exhibited the reversible dual-mode optical information recording and erasing abilities.The photoluminescence reversible modulation of the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics was obtained through the photochromic phenomenon.This modification behavior of luminescence could be applied to read-out the recording information in the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics.The coloration and bleaching of BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics were dependent on the time of light stimulation,which facilitated multiplexing encoding.This photoluminescence and photochromism multiplexing of the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics enhanced the optical data storage capability.展开更多
5.0 vol.% graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) and aluminum powders were mixed to prepare GNPs/Al composites via high-energy ball milling(HEBM). The mixed powders were subjected to spark plasma sintering(SPS) and subsequent h...5.0 vol.% graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) and aluminum powders were mixed to prepare GNPs/Al composites via high-energy ball milling(HEBM). The mixed powders were subjected to spark plasma sintering(SPS) and subsequent hot extrusion. The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded composites were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and tensile tests. In the extruded composites, 5.0 vol.% GNPs were dispersed homogeneously and no serious GNP-Al interfacial reaction occurred. As a result, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the extruded GNPs/Al composites reached 462 and 479 MPa, which were 62% and 60% higher than those of the extruded Al matrix, respectively. The enhanced mechanical properties were attributed to the effective load transfer capacity of dispersed GNPs. This demonstrated that it may be promising to introduce dispersed high-content GNPs via HEBM, SPS and hot extrusion techniques and GNP-Al interfacial reaction can be controlled.展开更多
Collaborative Robotics is one of the high-interest research topics in the area of academia and industry.It has been progressively utilized in numerous applications,particularly in intelligent surveillance systems.It a...Collaborative Robotics is one of the high-interest research topics in the area of academia and industry.It has been progressively utilized in numerous applications,particularly in intelligent surveillance systems.It allows the deployment of smart cameras or optical sensors with computer vision techniques,which may serve in several object detection and tracking tasks.These tasks have been considered challenging and high-level perceptual problems,frequently dominated by relative information about the environment,where main concerns such as occlusion,illumination,background,object deformation,and object class variations are commonplace.In order to show the importance of top view surveillance,a collaborative robotics framework has been presented.It can assist in the detection and tracking of multiple objects in top view surveillance.The framework consists of a smart robotic camera embedded with the visual processing unit.The existing pre-trained deep learning models named SSD and YOLO has been adopted for object detection and localization.The detection models are further combined with different tracking algorithms,including GOTURN,MEDIANFLOW,TLD,KCF,MIL,and BOOSTING.These algorithms,along with detection models,help to track and predict the trajectories of detected objects.The pre-trained models are employed;therefore,the generalization performance is also investigated through testing the models on various sequences of top view data set.The detection models achieved maximum True Detection Rate 93%to 90%with a maximum 0.6%False Detection Rate.The tracking results of different algorithms are nearly identical,with tracking accuracy ranging from 90%to 94%.Furthermore,a discussion has been carried out on output results along with future guidelines.展开更多
Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care ...Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care and its association with depression,anxiety and quality of life among caregivers of patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD)and schizophrenia.Methods This was an observational,cross-sectional,single-centred study of 50 consecutive caregivers of patients with AUD and schizophrenia.Participants were recruited from the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between January and June 2017.The caregivers were further assessed by demographic details,Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale for assessment of depression and anxiety,Zarit Burden Interview for assessment of caregiver burden and WHO Quality Of Life-BREF for assessment of quality of life.Statistical data were analysed using GraphPad InStat V.3.06(California).Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify the predictors of caregiver burden.Results Burden of care experienced by caregivers of patients with AUD is as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia(U=1142.5,p=0.46).Caregivers experiencing high burden of care are likely to have symptoms of anxiety(U=22,p<0.001),depression(U=32,p<0.001)and poor quality of life(U=84.5,p<0.001).Female caregivers are likely to experience higher burden of care(U=819.5,p=0.006).For caregivers of patients with schizophrenia,anxiety,environmental health,socioeconomic status and patients,occupation can predict burden of care,while for caregivers of patients with AUD,depression and environmental health can predict burden of care.Conclusion Our study suggests that caregivers of patients with AUD experience burden of care as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Caregivers with high burden of care are more likely to have depression,anxiety and poor quality of life.Trial registration number CTRI/2017/03/008224.展开更多
Non-destructive plant growth parameters measurement is an important concern in automatic-seedling transplanting.Recently,several image-basedmonitoring approaches have been proposed and potentially developed for severa...Non-destructive plant growth parameters measurement is an important concern in automatic-seedling transplanting.Recently,several image-basedmonitoring approaches have been proposed and potentially developed for several agricultural applications.The presented study proposed and developed a RealSense-based machine vision system for the close-shot seedling-lump integrated monitoring.The strategy was based on the close-shot depth information.Further,the point cloud clustering and suitable algorithms were applied to obtain the segmentation of 3D seedling models.In addition,the data processing pipeline was developed to assess the differentmorphological parameter of 4 different seedling varieties.The experiments were carried out with 4 different seedling varieties(pepper,tomato,cucumber,and lettuce)and trained under different light conditions(light and dark).Moreover,analysis results showed that therewas not significantly different(p<0.05)found towards light and dark environments due to close-shot near-infrared detection.However,the results revealed that the stem diameter relationship between RealSense and the manual method was found for R^2=0.68 cucumber,R^2=0.54 tomato,R^2=0.35 pepper,and R^2=0.58 lettuce seedlings.Whereas,the seedling height relationship between RealSense and the manual methodwas found higher than R^2=0.99,0.99,0.99,and 0.99 for pepper,tomato,cucumber,and lettuce,respectively.Based on the experiment results,it was concluded that the RGB-D integrated monitoring system with the purposed method could be practiced for nursery seedlings most promisingly without high labour requirements in terms of ease of use.The system revealed a good sturdiness and relevance for plant growth monitoring.Additionally,it has the perspective for future practical value to real-time vision servo operations for transplanting robots.展开更多
文摘Severe burn causes significant metabolic derangements that make nutritional support uniquely important and challenging for burned patients. Burn injury causes a persistent and prolonged hypermetabolic state and increased catabolism that results in increased muscle wasting and cachexia. Metabolic rates of burn patients can surpass twice normal, and failure to fulfill these energy requirements causes impaired wound healing, organ dysfunction,and susceptibility to infection. Adequate assessment and provision of nutritional needs is imperative to care for these patients. There is no consensus regarding the optimal timing, route, amount, and composition of nutritional support for burn patients, but most clinicians advocate for early enteral nutrition with highcarbohydrate formulas.Nutritional support must be individualized, monitored, and adjusted throughout recovery. Further investigation is needed regarding optimal nutritional support and accurate nutritional endpoints and goals.
基金supported by a grant from Higher Education Commission(HEC)at University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan(No.20-4613/NRPU/R&D/HEC/14/45)
文摘BACKGROUND： Liver inflammation or hepatitis is a result of pluripotent interactions of cell death molecules, cytokines, chemokines and the resident immune cells collectively called as microenvironment. The interplay of these inflammatory mediators and switching of immune responses during hepatotoxic, viral, drug-induced and immune cell-mediated hepatitis decide the fate of liver pathology. The present review aimed to describe the mechanisms of liver injury, its relevance to human liver pathology and insights for the future therapeutic interventions.DATA SOURCES： The data of mouse hepatic models and rele- vant human liver diseases presented in this review are system- atically collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect and the Web of Science databases published in English. RESULTS： The hepatotoxic liver injury in mice induced by the metabolites of CC14, acetaminophen or alcohol represent ne- crotic cell death with activation of cytochrome pathway, for- mation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and mitochondrial damage. The Fas or TNF-a induced apoptotic liver injury was dependent on activation of caspases, release of cytochrome c and apoptosome formation. The ConA-hepatitis demonstrat- ed the involvement of TRAIL-dependent necrotic/necroptotic cell death with activation of RIPK1/3. The a-GalCer-induced liver injury was mediated by TNF-a. The LPS-induced hepatitis involved TNF-a, Fas/FasL, and perforin/granzyme cell death pathways. The MHV3 or Poly（I：C） induced liver injury was mediated by natural killer cells and TNF-a signaling. The necrotic ischemia-reperfusion liver injury was mediated by hypoxia, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, necroptotic cell death was found in partial hepatectomy. The crucial role of immune ceils and cell death mediators in viral hepatitis （HBV, HCV）, drug-induced liver injury, non-alcohol- ic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease in human were discussed. CONCLUSIONS： The mouse animal models of hepatitis provide a parallel approach for the study of human
文摘In the present work,the fruits of four Morus species,namely Morus alba (white mulberry),Morus nigra (black mulberry),Morus laevigata (large white fruit),and Morus laevigata (large black fruit),were analyzed for proximate composition,essential minerals,and antioxidant potentials.For this purpose,the ripe fruits were collected from the northern regions of Pakistan.The major nutritional components moisture,ash,lipids,proteins,fibres,carbohydrates,and total sugar) were found to be in the suitable range along with good computed energy.Total dry weight,pH,and titratable acidity (percent citric acid) were (17.60±1.94)–(21.97±2.34) mg/100 g,(3.20±0.07)–(4.78±0.15),and (0.84±0.40)%–(2.00±0.08)%,respectively.Low riboflavin (vitamin B2) and niacin (vitamin B3) contents were recorded in all the fruits,while ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was in the range from (15.20±1.25) to (17.03±1.71) mg/100 g fresh weight (FW).The mulberry fruits were rich with regard to the total phenol and alkaloid contents,having values of (880±7.20)–(1650±12.25) mg/100 g FW and (390±3.22)–(660±5.25) mg/100 g FW,respectively.Sufficient quantities of essential macro-(K,Ca,Mg,and Na) and micro-(Fe,Zn,and Ni) elements were found in all the fruits.K was the predominant element with concentration ranging from (1270±9.36) to (1731±11.50) mg/100 g,while Ca,Na,and Mg contents were (440±3.21)–(576±7.37),(260±3.86)–(280±3.50),and (240±3.51)–(360±4.20) mg/100 g,respectivly.The decreasing order of micro-minerals was Fe>Zn>Ni.The radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of fruits was concentration-dependent and showed a correlation with total phenolic constituents of the respective fruits.Based on the results obtained,mulberry fruits were found to serve as a potential source of food diet and natural antioxidants.
文摘The phenomenon of direct-contact condensation,used in steam driven jet injectors,nuclear reactor emergency core cooling systems and direct-contact heat exchangers,was investigated computationally by introducing a thermal equilibrium model for direct-contact condensation of steam in subcooled water.The condensation model presented was a two resistance model which takes care of the heat transfer process on both sides of the interface and uses a variable steam bubble diameter.The injection of supersonic steam jet in subcooled water tank was simulated using the Euler-Euler multiphase flow model of Fluent 6.3 code with the condensation model incorporated. The findings of the computational fluid dynamics（CFD） simulations were compared with the published experimental data and fairly good agreement was observed between the two,thus validating the condensation model.The results of CFD simulations for dimensionless penetration length of steam plume varies from 2.73-7.33,while the condensation heat transfer coefficient varies from 0.75-0.917 MW·（m ^2 ·K）^ -1 for water temperature in the range of 293-343 K.
基金the National Key Basic Research Project (no. 2015CB150205)Natural Science Foundation of China,China (no. 31671597,31370313,31670283)+1 种基金Sino-German Science Center for Research Promotion,China (GZ 1099)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China,and the Singapore National Research Foundation Investigatorship Program,Singapore (NRF-NRFI2016-02).
文摘Rapeseed (Brassica napus),an important oilseed crop,has adapted to diverse climate zones and latitudes by forming three main ecotype groups,namely winter,semiwinter,and spring types. However,genetic variations underlying the divergence of these ecotypes are largely unknown. Here,we report the global pattern of genetic polymorphisms in rapeseed determined by resequencing a worldwide collection of 991 germplasm accessions.A total of 5.56 and 5.53 million singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)as Well as 1.86 and 1.92 million InDels were identified by mapping reads to the reference genomes of "Darmor-bzh"and "Tapidor,"respectively.We generated a map of allelic drift paths that shows splits and mixtures of the main populations,and revealed an asymmetric evolution of the two subgenomes of B.napus by calculating the genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium parameters.Selective-sweep analysis revealed genetic changes in genes orthologous to those regulating various aspects of plant development and response to stresses.A genome-wide association study identified SNPs in the promoter regions of FLOWERING LOCUS T and FLOWERING LOCUS C orthologs that corresponded to the different rapeseed ecotype groups. Our study provides important insights into the genomic footprints of rapeseed evolution and flowering-time divergence among three ecotype groups,and will facilitate screening of molecular markers for accelerating rapeseed breeding.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21972010)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2192039)。
文摘The increasing demand for clean energy and growing concerns regarding environmental sustainability have led to greater attention devoted toward the production of clean fuels via green chemistry.In this respect,ammonia is a green alternative to fossil fuels and can serve as a clean energy source.There is now great interest in realizing the electrochemical reduction in atmospheric nitrogen(N_(2))for cheap,environmentally friendly and reliable ammonia(NH_(3))production worldwide.However,the robustness of the triple bond in N2 and the low efficiency of candidate catalysts limit the utility of this conversion.Single atom catalysts have been found to be more effective than nanoparticles due to their unique properties,and thus have been studied extensively for the nitrogen reduction reaction.In this review,we have covered the recent advances in design and synthesis of noble metal and non-noble metal single atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction in nitrogen during the years 2018-2022.The catalyst efficiencies,with reference to coordination preferences and theoretical studies have been discussed.Moreover,we also provide insights into the current challenges and some considerations for further future studies.
文摘Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of Forsythia koreana(F. koreana) and evaluate its ef ects on bacterial strains. Methods: The essential oil of leaf of F. koreana was extracted by using hydrodistillation process and the volatile components investigated with the help of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was carried out with the help of agar disc dif usion method, MIC, MBC and viable count. The mode of action was determined with help of potassium ion l ux, cellular material release and scanning electron microscopy. The antioxidant activity was determined with the help of 2, 3-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, nitric oxide scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging assay. Results: Total ten compounds were identii ed as trans-phytol(42.73%), cis-3-hexenol(12.95%), 毬-linalool(10.68%), trans-2-hexenal(8.86%), trans-2-hexenol(8.86%), myrcenol(3.86%), 4-vinylphenyl acetate(3.86%),(4Z)-4,6-heptadien-1-ol(3.18%), lemonol(2.73%) and benzeneacetaldehyde(2.27%) by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The antibacterial study was demonstrated that leaf essential oil of F. koreana act against foodborne and other pathogenic bacteria. The mode of action revealed that this essential oil acted on the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in loss of integrity and increased permeability. In addition, leaf essential oil of F. koreana was shown to be rich in linalool, which contributes to improved antioxidant activity. Conclusions: These results show that leaf essential oil of F. koreana has great potential as a natural food preservative, antibacterial and antioxidant agent.
文摘AIM:To investigate the association between hepatitis C infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:Observational studies assessing the relationship between hepatitis C infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified via electronic and hand searches.Studies published between 1988 to March 2011 were screened,according to the inclusion criteria set for the present analysis.Authors performed separate analyses for the comparisons between hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected and not infected,and HCV infected and hepatitis B virus infected.The included studies were further subgrouped according to the study design.Heterogenity was assessed using I2 statistics.The summary odds ratios with their corresponding 95% CIs were calculated based on a random-effects model.The included studies were subgrouped according to the study design.To assess any factor that could potentially affect the outcome,results were further stratified by age group(proportion of ≥ 40 years),gender(proportion of male gender),body mass index(BMI)(pro-portion of BMI ≥ 27),and family history of diabetes(i.e.,self reported).For stability of results,a sensitivity analysis was conducted including only prospective studies.RESULTS:Combining the electronic database and hand searches,a total of 35 observational studies(in 31 articles) were identified for the final analysis.Based on random-effects model,17 studies(n = 286 084) compared hepatitis C-infected patients with those who were uninfected [summary odds ratio(OR):1.68,95% CI:1.15-2.45].Of these 17 studies,7 were both a cross-sectional design(41.2%) and cohort design(41.2%),while 3 were case-control studies(17.6%).Nineteen studies(n = 51 156) compared hepatitis C-infected participants with hepatitis B-infected(summary OR:1.92,95% CI:1.41-2.62).Of these 19 studies,4(21.1%),6(31.6%) and 9(47.4%) were cross-sectional,cohort and case-control studies,respectively.A sensitivity analysis with 3 prospective studies indicated that hepatitis C-infected patients had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes c
文摘Cement industry is an intensive source of fuel consumption and greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions. This industry is responsible for 5% of GHGs emissions and is among the top industrial sources of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) emissions. Therefore, CO_(2) emissions reduction from cement production process has been always an appealing subject for researches in universities and industry. Various efforts have been carried out to mitigate the huge mass of CO_(2) emissions from the cement industry. Although, majority of these strategies are technically viable, due to various barriers, the level of CO_(2) mitigation in cement industry is still not satisfactory. Among numerous researches on this topic, only a few have tried to answer why CO_(2) abatement strategies are not globally practiced yet. This work aims to highlight the challenges and barriers against widespread and effective implementation of CO_(2) mitigation strategies in the cement industry and to propose practical solutions to overcome such barriers.
基金This work was supported in part by the U.K.EPSRC(EP/S02476X/1)Sichuan International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation/Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project(2019YFH0163)Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2018JZ0071).
文摘The sixth-generation(6G)network must provide better performance than previous generations to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications,such as multi-gigabit transmission rate,higher reliability,and sub-1 ms latency and ubiquitous connection for the Internet of Everything(IoE).However,with the scarcity of spectrum resources,efficient resource management and sharing are crucial to achieving all these ambitious requirements.One possible technology to achieve all this is the blockchain.Because of its inherent properties,the blockchain has recently gained an important position,which is of great significance to the 6G network and other networks.In particular,the integration of the blockchain in 6G will enable the network to monitor and manage resource utilization and sharing efficiently.Hence,in this paper,we discuss the potentials of the blockchain for resource management and sharing in 6G using multiple application scenarios,namely,Internet of things,deviceto-device communications,network slicing,and inter-domain blockchain ecosystems.
文摘Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause fatal illness since decades but the population effected by this lethal virus have still only a few options for its management. The major treatment strategies include interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues. These agents have so far produced unsatisfactory results in terms of complete virus eradication. Interferons cannot be used for long term therapy because of their potential side effects. Prolong treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues has also been reported to cause serious side effects besides the increasing resistance by the virus. The need for new innovative solutions for treatment of HBV has been realized by global research institutes and pharmaceutical industry. Present review focuses in detail on the new ideas that are being transformed into therapeutic tools for use as future therapies in HBV infection. Modern drug designing and screening methods have made the drug discovery process shorter and more reliable. HBV therapeutics will take a new turn in coming years owing to these intelligent drug designing and screening methods. Future therapy of HBV is aiming to include the use of vaccines(both prophylactic and therapeutic), immunomodulators such as antibodies, non-nucleoside antivirals such as RNAi and inhibitors of viral life cycle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81872823,81871477 and 82073782)the Double First-Class(CPU2018PZQ13,China)of the China Pharmaceutical University+3 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.19430741500)the Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Preparation of Ministry of Education of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM-201905,China)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2020A1515010593)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.20ykpy111,China)
文摘Invasive fungal infections(IFIs)represent a growing public concern for clinicians to manage in many medical settings,with substantial associated morbidities and mortalities.Among many current therapeutic options for the treatment of IFIs,amphotericin B(AmB)is the most frequently used drug.AmB is considered as a first-line drug in the clinic that has strong antifungal activity and less resistance.In this review,we summarized the most promising research efforts on nanocarriers for AmB delivery and highlighted their efficacy and safety for treating IFIs.We have also discussed the mechanism of actions of AmB,rationale for treating IFIs,and recent advances in formulating AmB for clinical use.Finally,this review discusses some practical considerations and provides recommendations for future studies in applying AmB for combating IFIs.
基金the Anhui Natural Science Foundation(1908085ME151,KJ2020A0263)China Po stdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M673404)+2 种基金Anhui Province High-end Talent Grant(DT18100044)the National Level Foreign Expert Introduction Plan(G20190219004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52207246)。
文摘A facile and efficient ball-milling assisted sol-gel synthesis route was developed to prepare triclinic e-LiVOPO_(4)(LVOP)material with lanthanum(La)and cerium(Ce)modification individually as well as simultaneously.An LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite cathode material was successfully synthesized and results show that La and Ce co-modification noticeably improves the electrochemical performance by enhancing the high voltage capacity upon cycling,which indicates contributions from the good ionic conductors LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).The simultaneous La and Ce modification improves the high voltage performance significantly with an increase of 50%in high voltage capacity after 20 cycles compared to pure LVOP.It also shows stabilized cycling perfo rmance with 91%capacity rete ntion after 50 cycles at 0.1 C rate,along with high-rate capability with a capacity of 83.1 mAh/g compared to the pristine sample showing the capacity of 51.6 mAh/g at a high rate of 5C.This can be attributed to the good conductivity of LaPO_(4)and CePO_(4).In addition,the LVOP/LaPO_(4)/CePO_(4)composite and the pristine LVOP give a charge transfer resistance of-105 and-212Ω,respectively,showing much lower impedance due to a combination of La and Ce addition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51762029, 11674137)the Applied Basic Research Key Program of Yunnan Province (2018FA026)
文摘Optical data storage technology has many advantages over the traditional solid-state and magnetic storage technology,such as low cost,multi-dimensional storage,and rewritable capability.Therefore,the optical data storage technology has been in increasing demand for optical storage media.Herein,the photochromic and photoluminescence properties of BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics were investigated.The BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics showed reversible photochromism from gray to pink upon alternating the 254 nm ultraviolet light and 532 nm laser irradiation.This is caused by the electron trapping and de-trapping in the oxygen vacancies of the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+host.This reversible behavior of photochromism was applied to fabricate different patterns on the surface of the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics,which exhibited the reversible dual-mode optical information recording and erasing abilities.The photoluminescence reversible modulation of the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics was obtained through the photochromic phenomenon.This modification behavior of luminescence could be applied to read-out the recording information in the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics.The coloration and bleaching of BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics were dependent on the time of light stimulation,which facilitated multiplexing encoding.This photoluminescence and photochromism multiplexing of the BaMgSiO4:Bi^3+ceramics enhanced the optical data storage capability.
基金financial supports from National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFB0703103)Key Area R&D Program of Guangdong Province,China (2019B010942001)。
文摘5.0 vol.% graphene nanoplatelets(GNPs) and aluminum powders were mixed to prepare GNPs/Al composites via high-energy ball milling(HEBM). The mixed powders were subjected to spark plasma sintering(SPS) and subsequent hot extrusion. The microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded composites were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and tensile tests. In the extruded composites, 5.0 vol.% GNPs were dispersed homogeneously and no serious GNP-Al interfacial reaction occurred. As a result, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the extruded GNPs/Al composites reached 462 and 479 MPa, which were 62% and 60% higher than those of the extruded Al matrix, respectively. The enhanced mechanical properties were attributed to the effective load transfer capacity of dispersed GNPs. This demonstrated that it may be promising to introduce dispersed high-content GNPs via HEBM, SPS and hot extrusion techniques and GNP-Al interfacial reaction can be controlled.
基金the Framework of International Cooperation Program managed by the National Research Foundation of Korea(2019K1A3A1A8011295711).
文摘Collaborative Robotics is one of the high-interest research topics in the area of academia and industry.It has been progressively utilized in numerous applications,particularly in intelligent surveillance systems.It allows the deployment of smart cameras or optical sensors with computer vision techniques,which may serve in several object detection and tracking tasks.These tasks have been considered challenging and high-level perceptual problems,frequently dominated by relative information about the environment,where main concerns such as occlusion,illumination,background,object deformation,and object class variations are commonplace.In order to show the importance of top view surveillance,a collaborative robotics framework has been presented.It can assist in the detection and tracking of multiple objects in top view surveillance.The framework consists of a smart robotic camera embedded with the visual processing unit.The existing pre-trained deep learning models named SSD and YOLO has been adopted for object detection and localization.The detection models are further combined with different tracking algorithms,including GOTURN,MEDIANFLOW,TLD,KCF,MIL,and BOOSTING.These algorithms,along with detection models,help to track and predict the trajectories of detected objects.The pre-trained models are employed;therefore,the generalization performance is also investigated through testing the models on various sequences of top view data set.The detection models achieved maximum True Detection Rate 93%to 90%with a maximum 0.6%False Detection Rate.The tracking results of different algorithms are nearly identical,with tracking accuracy ranging from 90%to 94%.Furthermore,a discussion has been carried out on output results along with future guidelines.
文摘Background Caregivers play a pivotal role in providing care for mentally ill patients.Increase in caregiver burden can make them vulnerable to mental illness themselves.Aims We assessed the severity of burden of care and its association with depression,anxiety and quality of life among caregivers of patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD)and schizophrenia.Methods This was an observational,cross-sectional,single-centred study of 50 consecutive caregivers of patients with AUD and schizophrenia.Participants were recruited from the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between January and June 2017.The caregivers were further assessed by demographic details,Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale for assessment of depression and anxiety,Zarit Burden Interview for assessment of caregiver burden and WHO Quality Of Life-BREF for assessment of quality of life.Statistical data were analysed using GraphPad InStat V.3.06(California).Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to identify the predictors of caregiver burden.Results Burden of care experienced by caregivers of patients with AUD is as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia(U=1142.5,p=0.46).Caregivers experiencing high burden of care are likely to have symptoms of anxiety(U=22,p<0.001),depression(U=32,p<0.001)and poor quality of life(U=84.5,p<0.001).Female caregivers are likely to experience higher burden of care(U=819.5,p=0.006).For caregivers of patients with schizophrenia,anxiety,environmental health,socioeconomic status and patients,occupation can predict burden of care,while for caregivers of patients with AUD,depression and environmental health can predict burden of care.Conclusion Our study suggests that caregivers of patients with AUD experience burden of care as high as that of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Caregivers with high burden of care are more likely to have depression,anxiety and poor quality of life.Trial registration number CTRI/2017/03/008224.
基金Theworkwas supported by grants fromthe Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(16)1044)the Natural Science Foundation of Colleges in Jiangsu Province(16KJA210002)+1 种基金the Project of Six Talent Peaks in Jiangsu Province(JXQC-008)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD-2018-87).
文摘Non-destructive plant growth parameters measurement is an important concern in automatic-seedling transplanting.Recently,several image-basedmonitoring approaches have been proposed and potentially developed for several agricultural applications.The presented study proposed and developed a RealSense-based machine vision system for the close-shot seedling-lump integrated monitoring.The strategy was based on the close-shot depth information.Further,the point cloud clustering and suitable algorithms were applied to obtain the segmentation of 3D seedling models.In addition,the data processing pipeline was developed to assess the differentmorphological parameter of 4 different seedling varieties.The experiments were carried out with 4 different seedling varieties(pepper,tomato,cucumber,and lettuce)and trained under different light conditions(light and dark).Moreover,analysis results showed that therewas not significantly different(p<0.05)found towards light and dark environments due to close-shot near-infrared detection.However,the results revealed that the stem diameter relationship between RealSense and the manual method was found for R^2=0.68 cucumber,R^2=0.54 tomato,R^2=0.35 pepper,and R^2=0.58 lettuce seedlings.Whereas,the seedling height relationship between RealSense and the manual methodwas found higher than R^2=0.99,0.99,0.99,and 0.99 for pepper,tomato,cucumber,and lettuce,respectively.Based on the experiment results,it was concluded that the RGB-D integrated monitoring system with the purposed method could be practiced for nursery seedlings most promisingly without high labour requirements in terms of ease of use.The system revealed a good sturdiness and relevance for plant growth monitoring.Additionally,it has the perspective for future practical value to real-time vision servo operations for transplanting robots.
