The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first i...The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflamm展开更多
As open substructures of fullerenes,aromaticπ-bowls are promising candidates as new organic semiconductors,as well as attractive hosts for fullerenes.We demonstrate herein the synthesis and characterization of a nove...As open substructures of fullerenes,aromaticπ-bowls are promising candidates as new organic semiconductors,as well as attractive hosts for fullerenes.We demonstrate herein the synthesis and characterization of a novel C_(2v)symmetricπ-bowl,pyracyleno[6,5,4,3,2,1-pqrstuv]pentaphene(3).Bowl 3 was equipped with two distinctive reactive sites,allowing for bromination and cross-coupling reactions to readily yield functionalized bowls with two 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl(5)and triethylsilyl(TES)-ethynyl(6)substituents,respectively.Variable-temperature 1H NMR analysis and density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicated bowl-to-bowl inversions of 3,5,and 6 at room temperature.By alternating the substituents,the crystal structures of the threeπ-bowls 3,5,and 6 could be controlled from 1D linear to 1D slipped to 2D herringbone packing motifs,providing insight into the packing behavior ofπ-bowls.1H NMR titration study indicated that the TES-ethynyl substituent enhanced the ability ofπ-bowl to bind C_(70)with an association constant of 2485 M−1.The C_(70)molecules withπ-bowls 3 and 6 formed 1:1 complexes,in which C_(70)molecules aggregated into zig-zag and 1D linear arrays,respectively.The hole mobility of 2.3 cm^(2)V^(−1)^s(−1)and electron mobility of 0.16 cm^(2)V^(−1)^s(−1)ofπ-bowl 3 and its complex with C_(70)were demonstrated,respectively,which proved a great value for the development of aromaticπ-bowl semiconductors with tunable properties for organic electronic devices.展开更多
目的探究供体获取前高钠血症对受体移植术后早期恢复是否存在影响。方法采用回顾性研究的方法,收集2016年1月—2018年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院行肝移植手术的118例患者的临床资料,按照受体术前原发病(肝癌组与非肝癌组)分为两组,根...目的探究供体获取前高钠血症对受体移植术后早期恢复是否存在影响。方法采用回顾性研究的方法,收集2016年1月—2018年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院行肝移植手术的118例患者的临床资料,按照受体术前原发病(肝癌组与非肝癌组)分为两组,根据术前血钠浓度分为正常组(<160 mmol/L)和高钠血症组(>160 mmol/L),分析各组术前终末期肝病模型(model for end stage liver disease,MELD)评分、天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TB)等及术后AST、ALT、TB和术后重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)住院时间等方面是否有差异,明确供体获取前高钠血症对肝移植术后受体早期恢复的影响。结果无论在肝癌组还是非肝癌组受体术前、术中情况均无统计学差异,术后第1、3、5、30、90 d肝功能,术后第30、90 d肝功能恢复程度及术后ICU住院时间和术后总住院时间等方面均无统计学差异。结论供体获取前高钠血症对受体肝移植术后早期恢复无显著影响。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82104560(to CL),U21A20400(to QW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7232279(to XW)the Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.2022-JYB-JBZR-004(to XW)。
文摘The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflamm
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant nos.21871022,22005018,22175013)JSPS KAKENHI(grant nos.JP20H00379(H.Y.),JP20H05833(H.Y.),and JP20H02816(H.H.)).
文摘As open substructures of fullerenes,aromaticπ-bowls are promising candidates as new organic semiconductors,as well as attractive hosts for fullerenes.We demonstrate herein the synthesis and characterization of a novel C_(2v)symmetricπ-bowl,pyracyleno[6,5,4,3,2,1-pqrstuv]pentaphene(3).Bowl 3 was equipped with two distinctive reactive sites,allowing for bromination and cross-coupling reactions to readily yield functionalized bowls with two 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl(5)and triethylsilyl(TES)-ethynyl(6)substituents,respectively.Variable-temperature 1H NMR analysis and density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicated bowl-to-bowl inversions of 3,5,and 6 at room temperature.By alternating the substituents,the crystal structures of the threeπ-bowls 3,5,and 6 could be controlled from 1D linear to 1D slipped to 2D herringbone packing motifs,providing insight into the packing behavior ofπ-bowls.1H NMR titration study indicated that the TES-ethynyl substituent enhanced the ability ofπ-bowl to bind C_(70)with an association constant of 2485 M−1.The C_(70)molecules withπ-bowls 3 and 6 formed 1:1 complexes,in which C_(70)molecules aggregated into zig-zag and 1D linear arrays,respectively.The hole mobility of 2.3 cm^(2)V^(−1)^s(−1)and electron mobility of 0.16 cm^(2)V^(−1)^s(−1)ofπ-bowl 3 and its complex with C_(70)were demonstrated,respectively,which proved a great value for the development of aromaticπ-bowl semiconductors with tunable properties for organic electronic devices.
文摘目的探究供体获取前高钠血症对受体移植术后早期恢复是否存在影响。方法采用回顾性研究的方法,收集2016年1月—2018年12月在郑州大学第一附属医院行肝移植手术的118例患者的临床资料,按照受体术前原发病(肝癌组与非肝癌组)分为两组,根据术前血钠浓度分为正常组(<160 mmol/L)和高钠血症组(>160 mmol/L),分析各组术前终末期肝病模型(model for end stage liver disease,MELD)评分、天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TB)等及术后AST、ALT、TB和术后重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)住院时间等方面是否有差异,明确供体获取前高钠血症对肝移植术后受体早期恢复的影响。结果无论在肝癌组还是非肝癌组受体术前、术中情况均无统计学差异,术后第1、3、5、30、90 d肝功能,术后第30、90 d肝功能恢复程度及术后ICU住院时间和术后总住院时间等方面均无统计学差异。结论供体获取前高钠血症对受体肝移植术后早期恢复无显著影响。
