Autophagy and apoptosis are both highly regulated biological processes that play essential roles in tissue homeostasis,development and diseases.Autophagy is also described as a mechanism of death pathways,however,the ...Autophagy and apoptosis are both highly regulated biological processes that play essential roles in tissue homeostasis,development and diseases.Autophagy is also described as a mechanism of death pathways,however,the precise mechanism of how autophagy links to cell death remains to be fully understood.Beclin 1 is a dual regulator for both autophagy and apoptosis.In this study we found that Beclin 1 was a substrate of caspase-3 with two cleavage sites at positions 124 and 149,respectively.Furthermore,the autophagosome formation occurred,followed by the appearance of morphological hallmarks of apoptosis after staurosporine treatment.The cleavage products of Beclin 1 reduced autophagy and promoted apoptosis in HeLa cells and the cells in which Beclin 1 was stably knocked down by specific shRNA.In addition,the cleavage of Beclin 1 resulted in abrogating the interaction between Bcl-2 with Beclin 1,which could be blocked by z-VAD-fmk.Thus,our results suggest that the cleavage of Beclin 1 by caspase-3 may contribute to inactivate autophagy leading towards augmented apoptosis.展开更多
线上、线下与物流融合发展的"新零售"模式为零售业注入了新的活力,针对"新零售"模式发展过程中末端物流网络暴露的问题,探索其与物流终端自提点对接的优化方案,有助于提升新零售末端物流服务质量与效率。基于深圳...线上、线下与物流融合发展的"新零售"模式为零售业注入了新的活力,针对"新零售"模式发展过程中末端物流网络暴露的问题,探索其与物流终端自提点对接的优化方案,有助于提升新零售末端物流服务质量与效率。基于深圳市盒马鲜生、菜鸟驿站及相关设施兴趣面(Area Of Interest,AOI)、兴趣点(Point Of Interest,POI)数据,综合运用空间分析、定量统计等方法,探究社区化新零售与物流终端自提点代表之间的对接基础与可行性路径,提出优化方案并模拟对接后的优化效果。研究发现:(1)深圳市盒马鲜生提供新零售服务,门店分散均匀分布,多选址于商圈边缘,存在较多服务空白区。菜鸟驿站主要提供快递自提服务,服务范围较大且呈连片覆盖,对各类设施的覆盖度均较高,站点多邻近设施出入口。(2)盒马鲜生与菜鸟驿站均以市场为导向,以社区为主要服务对象,分别位于城市商服圈与社区生活圈中,提供末端物流的不同解决方案,在运营模式、服务对象、空间分布方面均具有较强的对接可行性。(3)新零售企业可通过由"自营"向"自营+释放"物流配送模式转变,构建"新零售门店-配送员-自提点-社区居民"的商品配送链,实现其末端物流网络优化。(4)通过模拟可知,对接后盒马鲜生服务范围、设施覆盖率显著提高,且能够在各类区域中适应不同消费场景,优化效果显著。展开更多
To satisfy the requirements of real-time and high quality mosaics, a bionic compound eye visual system was designed by simulating the visual mechanism of a fly compound eye. Several CCD cameras were used in this syste...To satisfy the requirements of real-time and high quality mosaics, a bionic compound eye visual system was designed by simulating the visual mechanism of a fly compound eye. Several CCD cameras were used in this system to imitate the small eyes of a compound eye. Based on the optical analysis of this system, a direct panoramic image mosaic algorithm was proposed. Several sub-images were collected by the bionic compound eye visual system, and then the system obtained the overlapping proportions of these sub-images and cut the overlap sections of the neighboring images. Thus, a panoramic image with a large field of view was directly mosaicked, which expanded the field and guaranteed the high resolution. The experimental results show that the time consumed by the direct mosaic algorithm is only 2.2% of that by the traditional image mosaic algorithm while guaranteeing mosaic quality. Furthermore, the proposed method effectively solved the problem of misalignment of the mosaic image and eliminated mosaic cracks as a result of the illumination factor and other factors. This method has better real-time properties compared to other methods.展开更多
目的探讨一种踝关节保护支具(protective ankle brace,PAB)对空降兵伞降过程中着陆阶段踝关节的保护作用,为降低空降兵着陆阶段踝关节损伤提供有效的防护手段。方法选取空降兵作为受试者,佩戴PBA前后从1.5 m、2 m高度的空降兵地面动作...目的探讨一种踝关节保护支具(protective ankle brace,PAB)对空降兵伞降过程中着陆阶段踝关节的保护作用,为降低空降兵着陆阶段踝关节损伤提供有效的防护手段。方法选取空降兵作为受试者,佩戴PBA前后从1.5 m、2 m高度的空降兵地面动作训练高台跳出,保持标准弯腰屈膝姿势接触训练场缓冲地面。受试者共完成4次模拟着陆试验,分别为1.5 m戴PAB(1.5 m PAB组)、2 m戴PAB(2 m PAB组)、1.5 m不戴PAB(1.5 m对照组)、2 m不戴PAB(2 m对照组)。通过表面肌电仪记录受试者双侧胫骨前肌、腓骨长短肌和腓肠肌的肌肉电信号,计算最大随意收缩百分比(percentage of maximal voluntary electrical activation,MVE%),并进行测试分析。结果最终纳入61名受试者。相同高度不同踝关节防护状态时,1.5 m PAB组的双侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌MVE%值均小于1.5 m对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.45、2.74、2.35,P=0.017、0.008、0.022);而1.5 m PAB组的双侧腓骨长短肌的MVE%值均大于1.5 m对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.28、4.56,P均<0.001)。2 m PAB组左侧胫骨前肌、左侧腓肠肌的MVE%值小于2 m对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.21、0.53、4.35,P=0.031、0.598、<0.001);而2 m PAB组的双侧腓骨长短肌MVE%值均大于2 m对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=4.92、6.31,P均<0.001)。不同高度相同踝关节防护状态时,1.5 m PAB组的双侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌、腓骨长短肌的MVE%值均小于2 m PAB组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.56~4.94,P均≤0.001)。1.5 m对照组的双侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌、腓骨长短肌的MVE%值均小于2 m对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.30~5.85,P均<0.05)。结论PAB能够降低空降兵伞降过程中着陆阶段踝关节的损伤,起到较好的保护作用。展开更多
Introduction:Recent data indicate a year-on-year increase in the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)cases reported among individuals aged≥50 in China.This study com...Introduction:Recent data indicate a year-on-year increase in the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)cases reported among individuals aged≥50 in China.This study compares the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in populations above and below 50 years of age.By doing so,it seeks to scrutinize the current epidemiological landscape of HIV within these distinct age cohorts and suggest tailored interventions for each group.Methods:We utilized data from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System for our comparative analysis.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to assess the trends in standardized detection rates.Results:In China,the number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the 15-49 age group increased from 51,436 in 2010 to 55,397 in 2022,while it increased from 11,751 in 2010 to 51,856 in 2022 in the group aged≥50 years.Recent years have seen a greater proportion and detection rate of HIV/AIDS cases among the≥50 age demographic compared to the 15-49 age group.In 2022,significant statistical differences were observed between males and females in both age cohorts with respect to education,marital status,occupation,mode of transmission,location of diagnosis,and region.Conclusions:The observed trend of a rising proportion of HIV/AIDS cases in individuals aged 50 years and older necessitates heightened attention.It is imperative that we develop and implement interventions specifically designed to prevent and control the transmission of HIV within this demographic.展开更多
Ice and frost buildup continuously pose significant challenges to multiple fields.As a promising de-icing/defrosting alternative,designing photothermal coatings that leverage on the abundant sunlight source on the ear...Ice and frost buildup continuously pose significant challenges to multiple fields.As a promising de-icing/defrosting alternative,designing photothermal coatings that leverage on the abundant sunlight source on the earth to facilitate ice/frost melting has attracted tremendous attention recently.However,previous designs suffered from either localized surface heating owing to the limited thermal conductivity or unsatisfied meltwater removal rate due to strong water/substrate interaction.Herein,we developed a facile approach to fabricate surfaces that combine photothermal,heat-conducting,and superhydrophobic properties into one to achieve efficient de-icing and defrosting.Featuring copper nanowire assemblies,such surfaces were fabricated via the simple template-assisted electrodeposition method,allowing us to tune the nanowire assembly geometry by adjusting the template dimensions and electrodeposition time.The highly ordered copper nanowire assemblies facilitated efficient sunlight absorption and lateral heat spreading,resulting in a fast overall temperature rise to enable the thawing of ice and frost.Further promoted by the excellent water repellency of the surface,the thawed ice and frost could be spontaneously and promptly removed.In this way,the all-in-one design enabled highly enhanced de-icing and defrosting performance compared to other nanostructured surfaces merely with superhydrophobicity,photothermal effect,or the combination of both.In particular,the defrosting efficiency could approach∼100%,which was the highest compared to previous studies.Overall,our approach demonstrates a promising path toward designing highly effective artificial deicing/defrosting surfaces.展开更多
The CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab has shown remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.However,several studies showed that blinatumom...The CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab has shown remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.However,several studies showed that blinatumomab has a short plasma half-life due to its low molecular weight,and thus its clinical use is limited.Furthermore,multiple trials have shown that approximately 30%of blinatumomab-relapsed cases are characterized by CD19 negative leukemic cells.Here,we design and characterize two novel antibodies,A-319 and A-2019.Blinatumomab and A-319 are CD3/CD19 bispecific antibodies with different molecular sizes and structures,and A-2019 is a novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibody with an additional anti-CD20 function.Our in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo experiments demonstrated that A-319 and A-2019 are potent antitumor agents and capable of recruiting CD3 positive T cells,enhancing T-cell function,mediating B-cell depletion,and eventually inhibiting tumor growth in Raji xenograft models.The two molecules are complementary in terms of efficacy and specificity profile.The activity of A-319 demonstrated superior to that of A-2019,whereas A-2019 has an additional capability to target CD20 in cells missing CD19,suggesting its potential function against CD19 weak or negative CD20 positive leukemic cells.展开更多
Gluconic acid and its derivatives have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional processes that involve the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid via fermentation present several tech...Gluconic acid and its derivatives have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional processes that involve the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid via fermentation present several technological shortcomings as they involve energy-intensive wastewater treatment and complex enzyme separation. Greener oxidation processes over heterogeneous metal catalysts have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Au-, Pt-and Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts have been extensively used for the chemical oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by adding either noble or inexpensive metals have also presented excellent performance for the oxidations of glucose. In particular, particle size, which has been recognized as the most important factor that affect catalytic performances, could be rationally tuned by changing the types of support and ligand as well as the synthesis conditions. In this perspective review, we summarize and critically discuss the recent advances in the structural design of mono-and bimetallic catalysts for the oxidation of glucose in aqueous media. Furthermore, the challenges of developing catalysts for the green synthesis of gluconic acid have been highlighted. This review provides alternative insights for designing effective catalytic materials for the catalytic oxidation of bio-derived oxygenates over heterogeneous catalysts.展开更多
The environmental behavior of radionuclides is mainly dependent on their speciation and microstructures at solid particles.The speciation and microstructures of radionuclides at molecular level can be achieved from ad...The environmental behavior of radionuclides is mainly dependent on their speciation and microstructures at solid particles.The speciation and microstructures of radionuclides at molecular level can be achieved from advanced spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations.In this perspective,we give a brief introduction of the advanced X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS) technique and theoretical calculation in the analysis of the speciation and microstructures of radionuclides in the natural environment,which is crucial to evaluate the physicochemical behavior of radionuclides in the environment.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 program project)(grants Nos.2007CB914800,2006CB910102)grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.30630038 and 30400098)+1 种基金grants from Tianjin Natural Science foundation(09JCZDJC21200)to Y.Zhua project grant from Chinese Academy of Sciences KSCX2-YW-R-02 to Q.Chen.
文摘Autophagy and apoptosis are both highly regulated biological processes that play essential roles in tissue homeostasis,development and diseases.Autophagy is also described as a mechanism of death pathways,however,the precise mechanism of how autophagy links to cell death remains to be fully understood.Beclin 1 is a dual regulator for both autophagy and apoptosis.In this study we found that Beclin 1 was a substrate of caspase-3 with two cleavage sites at positions 124 and 149,respectively.Furthermore,the autophagosome formation occurred,followed by the appearance of morphological hallmarks of apoptosis after staurosporine treatment.The cleavage products of Beclin 1 reduced autophagy and promoted apoptosis in HeLa cells and the cells in which Beclin 1 was stably knocked down by specific shRNA.In addition,the cleavage of Beclin 1 resulted in abrogating the interaction between Bcl-2 with Beclin 1,which could be blocked by z-VAD-fmk.Thus,our results suggest that the cleavage of Beclin 1 by caspase-3 may contribute to inactivate autophagy leading towards augmented apoptosis.
文摘线上、线下与物流融合发展的"新零售"模式为零售业注入了新的活力,针对"新零售"模式发展过程中末端物流网络暴露的问题,探索其与物流终端自提点对接的优化方案,有助于提升新零售末端物流服务质量与效率。基于深圳市盒马鲜生、菜鸟驿站及相关设施兴趣面(Area Of Interest,AOI)、兴趣点(Point Of Interest,POI)数据,综合运用空间分析、定量统计等方法,探究社区化新零售与物流终端自提点代表之间的对接基础与可行性路径,提出优化方案并模拟对接后的优化效果。研究发现:(1)深圳市盒马鲜生提供新零售服务,门店分散均匀分布,多选址于商圈边缘,存在较多服务空白区。菜鸟驿站主要提供快递自提服务,服务范围较大且呈连片覆盖,对各类设施的覆盖度均较高,站点多邻近设施出入口。(2)盒马鲜生与菜鸟驿站均以市场为导向,以社区为主要服务对象,分别位于城市商服圈与社区生活圈中,提供末端物流的不同解决方案,在运营模式、服务对象、空间分布方面均具有较强的对接可行性。(3)新零售企业可通过由"自营"向"自营+释放"物流配送模式转变,构建"新零售门店-配送员-自提点-社区居民"的商品配送链,实现其末端物流网络优化。(4)通过模拟可知,对接后盒马鲜生服务范围、设施覆盖率显著提高,且能够在各类区域中适应不同消费场景,优化效果显著。
文摘To satisfy the requirements of real-time and high quality mosaics, a bionic compound eye visual system was designed by simulating the visual mechanism of a fly compound eye. Several CCD cameras were used in this system to imitate the small eyes of a compound eye. Based on the optical analysis of this system, a direct panoramic image mosaic algorithm was proposed. Several sub-images were collected by the bionic compound eye visual system, and then the system obtained the overlapping proportions of these sub-images and cut the overlap sections of the neighboring images. Thus, a panoramic image with a large field of view was directly mosaicked, which expanded the field and guaranteed the high resolution. The experimental results show that the time consumed by the direct mosaic algorithm is only 2.2% of that by the traditional image mosaic algorithm while guaranteeing mosaic quality. Furthermore, the proposed method effectively solved the problem of misalignment of the mosaic image and eliminated mosaic cracks as a result of the illumination factor and other factors. This method has better real-time properties compared to other methods.
文摘目的探讨一种踝关节保护支具(protective ankle brace,PAB)对空降兵伞降过程中着陆阶段踝关节的保护作用,为降低空降兵着陆阶段踝关节损伤提供有效的防护手段。方法选取空降兵作为受试者,佩戴PBA前后从1.5 m、2 m高度的空降兵地面动作训练高台跳出,保持标准弯腰屈膝姿势接触训练场缓冲地面。受试者共完成4次模拟着陆试验,分别为1.5 m戴PAB(1.5 m PAB组)、2 m戴PAB(2 m PAB组)、1.5 m不戴PAB(1.5 m对照组)、2 m不戴PAB(2 m对照组)。通过表面肌电仪记录受试者双侧胫骨前肌、腓骨长短肌和腓肠肌的肌肉电信号,计算最大随意收缩百分比(percentage of maximal voluntary electrical activation,MVE%),并进行测试分析。结果最终纳入61名受试者。相同高度不同踝关节防护状态时,1.5 m PAB组的双侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌MVE%值均小于1.5 m对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.45、2.74、2.35,P=0.017、0.008、0.022);而1.5 m PAB组的双侧腓骨长短肌的MVE%值均大于1.5 m对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.28、4.56,P均<0.001)。2 m PAB组左侧胫骨前肌、左侧腓肠肌的MVE%值小于2 m对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.21、0.53、4.35,P=0.031、0.598、<0.001);而2 m PAB组的双侧腓骨长短肌MVE%值均大于2 m对照组,且差异有统计学意义(t=4.92、6.31,P均<0.001)。不同高度相同踝关节防护状态时,1.5 m PAB组的双侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌、腓骨长短肌的MVE%值均小于2 m PAB组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.56~4.94,P均≤0.001)。1.5 m对照组的双侧胫骨前肌、腓肠肌、腓骨长短肌的MVE%值均小于2 m对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.30~5.85,P均<0.05)。结论PAB能够降低空降兵伞降过程中着陆阶段踝关节的损伤,起到较好的保护作用。
文摘Introduction:Recent data indicate a year-on-year increase in the proportion of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)cases reported among individuals aged≥50 in China.This study compares the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in populations above and below 50 years of age.By doing so,it seeks to scrutinize the current epidemiological landscape of HIV within these distinct age cohorts and suggest tailored interventions for each group.Methods:We utilized data from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System for our comparative analysis.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to assess the trends in standardized detection rates.Results:In China,the number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in the 15-49 age group increased from 51,436 in 2010 to 55,397 in 2022,while it increased from 11,751 in 2010 to 51,856 in 2022 in the group aged≥50 years.Recent years have seen a greater proportion and detection rate of HIV/AIDS cases among the≥50 age demographic compared to the 15-49 age group.In 2022,significant statistical differences were observed between males and females in both age cohorts with respect to education,marital status,occupation,mode of transmission,location of diagnosis,and region.Conclusions:The observed trend of a rising proportion of HIV/AIDS cases in individuals aged 50 years and older necessitates heightened attention.It is imperative that we develop and implement interventions specifically designed to prevent and control the transmission of HIV within this demographic.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51836002 and 52006025)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT22LAB601 and DUT22LAB610)
文摘Ice and frost buildup continuously pose significant challenges to multiple fields.As a promising de-icing/defrosting alternative,designing photothermal coatings that leverage on the abundant sunlight source on the earth to facilitate ice/frost melting has attracted tremendous attention recently.However,previous designs suffered from either localized surface heating owing to the limited thermal conductivity or unsatisfied meltwater removal rate due to strong water/substrate interaction.Herein,we developed a facile approach to fabricate surfaces that combine photothermal,heat-conducting,and superhydrophobic properties into one to achieve efficient de-icing and defrosting.Featuring copper nanowire assemblies,such surfaces were fabricated via the simple template-assisted electrodeposition method,allowing us to tune the nanowire assembly geometry by adjusting the template dimensions and electrodeposition time.The highly ordered copper nanowire assemblies facilitated efficient sunlight absorption and lateral heat spreading,resulting in a fast overall temperature rise to enable the thawing of ice and frost.Further promoted by the excellent water repellency of the surface,the thawed ice and frost could be spontaneously and promptly removed.In this way,the all-in-one design enabled highly enhanced de-icing and defrosting performance compared to other nanostructured surfaces merely with superhydrophobicity,photothermal effect,or the combination of both.In particular,the defrosting efficiency could approach∼100%,which was the highest compared to previous studies.Overall,our approach demonstrates a promising path toward designing highly effective artificial deicing/defrosting surfaces.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81670147,81570178,Antrag M-0377)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Major Project for Scientific Research and Innovation Plan of Natural Science(No.2021-01-07-00-02-E00091)Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support of Shanghai Municipal Education(No.20172002).
文摘The CD19-targeting bispecific T-cell engager blinatumomab has shown remarkable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.However,several studies showed that blinatumomab has a short plasma half-life due to its low molecular weight,and thus its clinical use is limited.Furthermore,multiple trials have shown that approximately 30%of blinatumomab-relapsed cases are characterized by CD19 negative leukemic cells.Here,we design and characterize two novel antibodies,A-319 and A-2019.Blinatumomab and A-319 are CD3/CD19 bispecific antibodies with different molecular sizes and structures,and A-2019 is a novel CD3/CD19/CD20 trispecific antibody with an additional anti-CD20 function.Our in vitro,ex vivo,and in vivo experiments demonstrated that A-319 and A-2019 are potent antitumor agents and capable of recruiting CD3 positive T cells,enhancing T-cell function,mediating B-cell depletion,and eventually inhibiting tumor growth in Raji xenograft models.The two molecules are complementary in terms of efficacy and specificity profile.The activity of A-319 demonstrated superior to that of A-2019,whereas A-2019 has an additional capability to target CD20 in cells missing CD19,suggesting its potential function against CD19 weak or negative CD20 positive leukemic cells.
文摘Gluconic acid and its derivatives have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Conventional processes that involve the conversion of glucose into gluconic acid via fermentation present several technological shortcomings as they involve energy-intensive wastewater treatment and complex enzyme separation. Greener oxidation processes over heterogeneous metal catalysts have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Au-, Pt-and Pd-based heterogeneous catalysts have been extensively used for the chemical oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Bimetallic catalysts synthesized by adding either noble or inexpensive metals have also presented excellent performance for the oxidations of glucose. In particular, particle size, which has been recognized as the most important factor that affect catalytic performances, could be rationally tuned by changing the types of support and ligand as well as the synthesis conditions. In this perspective review, we summarize and critically discuss the recent advances in the structural design of mono-and bimetallic catalysts for the oxidation of glucose in aqueous media. Furthermore, the challenges of developing catalysts for the green synthesis of gluconic acid have been highlighted. This review provides alternative insights for designing effective catalytic materials for the catalytic oxidation of bio-derived oxygenates over heterogeneous catalysts.
基金supported by the Science Challenge Project(JCKY2016212A04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JB2015001)
文摘The environmental behavior of radionuclides is mainly dependent on their speciation and microstructures at solid particles.The speciation and microstructures of radionuclides at molecular level can be achieved from advanced spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations.In this perspective,we give a brief introduction of the advanced X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS) technique and theoretical calculation in the analysis of the speciation and microstructures of radionuclides in the natural environment,which is crucial to evaluate the physicochemical behavior of radionuclides in the environment.
