Photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are key components in the energy market and crucial contributors to carbon emission reduction targets.These systems can not only provide energy but can also gen...Photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are key components in the energy market and crucial contributors to carbon emission reduction targets.These systems can not only provide energy but can also generate considerable revenue by providing frequency regulation services and participating in carbon trading.This study proposes a bidding strategy for PV and BESSs operating in joint energy and frequency regulation markets,with a specific focus on carbon reduction benefits.A two-stage bidding framework that optimizes the profit of PV and BESSs is presented.In the first stage,the day-ahead energy market takes into account potential real-time forecast deviations.In the second stage,the real-time balancing market uses a rolling optimization method to account for multiple uncertainties.Notably,a real-time frequency regulation control method is proposed for the participation of PV and BESSs in automatic generation control(AGC).This is particularly relevant given the uncertainty of grid frequency fluctuations in the optimization model of the real-time balancing market.This control method dynamically assigns the frequency regulation amount undertaken by the PV and BESSs according to the control interval in which the area control error(ACE)occurs.The case study results demonstrate that the proposed bidding strategy not only enables the PV and BESSs to effectively participate in the grid frequency regulation response but also yields considerable carbon emission reduction benefits and effectively improves the system operation economy.展开更多
Ultralow concentration molecular detection is critical in various fields,e.g.,food safety,environmental monitoring,and dis-ease diagnosis.Highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)based on ultra-wettable...Ultralow concentration molecular detection is critical in various fields,e.g.,food safety,environmental monitoring,and dis-ease diagnosis.Highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)based on ultra-wettable surfaces has attracted attention due to its unique ability to detect trace molecules.However,the complexity and cost associated with the preparation of traditional SERS substrates restrict their practical application.Thus,an efficient SERS substrate preparation with high sensitivity,a simplified process,and controllable cost is required.In this study,a superhydrophobic–hydrophilic patterned Cu@Ag composite SERS substrate was fabricated using femtosecond laser processing technology combined with silver plating and surface modification treatment.By inducing periodic stripe structures through femtosecond laser processing,the developed substrate achieves uniform distribution hotspots.Using the surface wettability difference,the object to be measured can be confined in the hydrophilic region and the edge of the hydrophilic region,where the analyte is enriched by the coffee ring effect,can be quickly located by surface morphology difference of micro-nanostructures;thus,greatly improving detec-tion efficiency.The fabricated SERS substrate can detect Rhodamine 6G(R6G)at an extraordinarily low concentration of 10^(−15)mol/L,corresponding to an enhancement factor of 1.53×10^(8).This substrate has an ultralow detection limit,incurs low processing costs and is simple to prepare;thus,the substrate has significant application potential in the trace analysis field.展开更多
Thirty-one new 10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives were subtly constructed through a selective oxidation on the 10-α-C-H induced by sulfonyl and a nucleophilic substitution with the stereoselectivity and scalab...Thirty-one new 10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives were subtly constructed through a selective oxidation on the 10-α-C-H induced by sulfonyl and a nucleophilic substitution with the stereoselectivity and scalability.Of them,compound 6b displayed a moderate anti-human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43)potency and blocked the viral entry stage through a host mechanism of action.Using chemoproteomic techniques,both transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2)and scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1)proteins,which act as host cofactors of viral entry,were identified to be the direct targets of 6b against HCoV-OC43.Furthermore,6b may deactivate the TMPRSS2 by inducing a change in protein conformation,rather than binding to its catalytic center,thus suppressing the viral membrane fusion.Accordingly,our study provided key scientific data for the development of aloperine derivatives into a new class of antiviral candidates against humanβ-coronavirus,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).展开更多
Determining the suitable areas for winter wheat under climate change and assessing the risk of freezing injury are crucial for the cultivation of winter wheat.We used an optimized Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)Model to predi...Determining the suitable areas for winter wheat under climate change and assessing the risk of freezing injury are crucial for the cultivation of winter wheat.We used an optimized Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)Model to predict the potential distribution of winter wheat in the current period(1970-2020)and the future period(2021-2100)under four shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios(SSPs).We applied statistical downscaling methods to downscale future climate data,established a scientific and practical freezing injury index(FII)by considering the growth period of winter wheat,and analyzed the characteristics of abrupt changes in winter wheat freezing injury by using the Mann-Kendall(M-K)test.The results showed that the prediction accuracy AUC value of the MaxEnt Model reached 0.976.The minimum temperature in the coldest month,precipitation in the wettest season and annual precipitation were the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of winter wheat.The total suitable area of winter wheat was approximately 4.40×10^(7)ha in the current period.In the 2070s,the moderately suitable areas had the greatest increase by 9.02×10^(5)ha under SSP245 and the least increase by 6.53×10^(5)ha under SSP370.The centroid coordinates of the total suitable areas tended to move northward.The potential risks of freezing injury in the high-latitude and-altitude areas of the Loess Plateau,China increased significantly.The northern areas of Xinzhou in Shanxi Province,China suffered the most serious freezing injury,and the southern areas of the Loess Plateau suffered the least.Environmental factors such as temperature,precipitation and geographical location had important impacts on the suitable area distribution and freezing injury risk of winter wheat.In the future,greater attention should be paid to the northward boundaries of both the winter wheat planting areas and the areas of freezing injury risk to provide the early warning of freezing injury and implement corresponding management strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(No.20220203163SF).
文摘Photovoltaic(PV)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)are key components in the energy market and crucial contributors to carbon emission reduction targets.These systems can not only provide energy but can also generate considerable revenue by providing frequency regulation services and participating in carbon trading.This study proposes a bidding strategy for PV and BESSs operating in joint energy and frequency regulation markets,with a specific focus on carbon reduction benefits.A two-stage bidding framework that optimizes the profit of PV and BESSs is presented.In the first stage,the day-ahead energy market takes into account potential real-time forecast deviations.In the second stage,the real-time balancing market uses a rolling optimization method to account for multiple uncertainties.Notably,a real-time frequency regulation control method is proposed for the participation of PV and BESSs in automatic generation control(AGC).This is particularly relevant given the uncertainty of grid frequency fluctuations in the optimization model of the real-time balancing market.This control method dynamically assigns the frequency regulation amount undertaken by the PV and BESSs according to the control interval in which the area control error(ACE)occurs.The case study results demonstrate that the proposed bidding strategy not only enables the PV and BESSs to effectively participate in the grid frequency regulation response but also yields considerable carbon emission reduction benefits and effectively improves the system operation economy.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52035009,51761135106)2020 Mobility Programme of the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion(M-0396)the'111'project by the State Administration Foreign Experts Affairs and the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.B07014).
文摘Ultralow concentration molecular detection is critical in various fields,e.g.,food safety,environmental monitoring,and dis-ease diagnosis.Highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)based on ultra-wettable surfaces has attracted attention due to its unique ability to detect trace molecules.However,the complexity and cost associated with the preparation of traditional SERS substrates restrict their practical application.Thus,an efficient SERS substrate preparation with high sensitivity,a simplified process,and controllable cost is required.In this study,a superhydrophobic–hydrophilic patterned Cu@Ag composite SERS substrate was fabricated using femtosecond laser processing technology combined with silver plating and surface modification treatment.By inducing periodic stripe structures through femtosecond laser processing,the developed substrate achieves uniform distribution hotspots.Using the surface wettability difference,the object to be measured can be confined in the hydrophilic region and the edge of the hydrophilic region,where the analyte is enriched by the coffee ring effect,can be quickly located by surface morphology difference of micro-nanostructures;thus,greatly improving detec-tion efficiency.The fabricated SERS substrate can detect Rhodamine 6G(R6G)at an extraordinarily low concentration of 10^(−15)mol/L,corresponding to an enhancement factor of 1.53×10^(8).This substrate has an ultralow detection limit,incurs low processing costs and is simple to prepare;thus,the substrate has significant application potential in the trace analysis field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974494)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-1-070).
文摘Thirty-one new 10,12-disubstituted aloperine derivatives were subtly constructed through a selective oxidation on the 10-α-C-H induced by sulfonyl and a nucleophilic substitution with the stereoselectivity and scalability.Of them,compound 6b displayed a moderate anti-human coronavirus OC43(HCoV-OC43)potency and blocked the viral entry stage through a host mechanism of action.Using chemoproteomic techniques,both transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2)and scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1)proteins,which act as host cofactors of viral entry,were identified to be the direct targets of 6b against HCoV-OC43.Furthermore,6b may deactivate the TMPRSS2 by inducing a change in protein conformation,rather than binding to its catalytic center,thus suppressing the viral membrane fusion.Accordingly,our study provided key scientific data for the development of aloperine derivatives into a new class of antiviral candidates against humanβ-coronavirus,including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31201168)the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province,China(20210302123411)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China(2022-07).
文摘Determining the suitable areas for winter wheat under climate change and assessing the risk of freezing injury are crucial for the cultivation of winter wheat.We used an optimized Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)Model to predict the potential distribution of winter wheat in the current period(1970-2020)and the future period(2021-2100)under four shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios(SSPs).We applied statistical downscaling methods to downscale future climate data,established a scientific and practical freezing injury index(FII)by considering the growth period of winter wheat,and analyzed the characteristics of abrupt changes in winter wheat freezing injury by using the Mann-Kendall(M-K)test.The results showed that the prediction accuracy AUC value of the MaxEnt Model reached 0.976.The minimum temperature in the coldest month,precipitation in the wettest season and annual precipitation were the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of winter wheat.The total suitable area of winter wheat was approximately 4.40×10^(7)ha in the current period.In the 2070s,the moderately suitable areas had the greatest increase by 9.02×10^(5)ha under SSP245 and the least increase by 6.53×10^(5)ha under SSP370.The centroid coordinates of the total suitable areas tended to move northward.The potential risks of freezing injury in the high-latitude and-altitude areas of the Loess Plateau,China increased significantly.The northern areas of Xinzhou in Shanxi Province,China suffered the most serious freezing injury,and the southern areas of the Loess Plateau suffered the least.Environmental factors such as temperature,precipitation and geographical location had important impacts on the suitable area distribution and freezing injury risk of winter wheat.In the future,greater attention should be paid to the northward boundaries of both the winter wheat planting areas and the areas of freezing injury risk to provide the early warning of freezing injury and implement corresponding management strategies.
