针对目前在水下复杂环境中池塘养殖河蟹与饵料的检测算法存在检测精度低、速度慢等问题,该研究提出了基于改进YOLOv5s(you only look once version 5 small)的河蟹与饵料检测方法。首先,采用轻量化卷积Ghost替换普通卷积,同时利用GhostB...针对目前在水下复杂环境中池塘养殖河蟹与饵料的检测算法存在检测精度低、速度慢等问题,该研究提出了基于改进YOLOv5s(you only look once version 5 small)的河蟹与饵料检测方法。首先,采用轻量化卷积Ghost替换普通卷积,同时利用GhostBottleneck结构替换原主干网络中的残差结构快速提取网络特征,减少模型计算量,满足安卓端的应用要求。其次,为了弥补因网络参数量减少造成网络检测精度稍有降低的问题,借鉴BiFPN(bidirectional feature pyramid network)的思想改进原始YOLOv5s的双向融合骨干网络,以较低的计算成本提高网络对小目标的检测精度。此外,为了帮助网络进一步更好地识别目标,加入了CA(coordinate attention)注意力机制,使得图像中感兴趣的区域能够更准确地被捕获。试验结果表明:该研究改进模型平均精度均值为96.9%,计算量为8.5GFLOPs,与当前主流的单阶段有锚框目标检测算法SSD(single shot multibox detector)和YOLOv3相比,具有更高的检测精度以及更少的计算量。相比于原始YOLOv5s模型,本文改进模型平均精度均值提高了2.2个百分点,计算量和模型内存都降低了40%以上。最后,将改进前后的模型部署到安卓设备上测试。测试结果表明:改进后模型的平均检测速度为148 ms/帧,相较于原始模型检测速度提高了20.9%,并且保持了较好的检测效果,平衡了安卓设备对模型检测精度以及速度的性能需求,能够为河蟹养殖投饵量的精准确定提供参考。展开更多
Coordination between the sporophytic tissue and the gametic pollen within anthers is tightly controlled to achieve the optimal pollen fitness. Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator(GPT) transports glucose-6-phosp...Coordination between the sporophytic tissue and the gametic pollen within anthers is tightly controlled to achieve the optimal pollen fitness. Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator(GPT) transports glucose-6-phosphate, a key precursor of starch and/or fatty acid biosynthesis, into plastids. Here, we report the functional characterization of Os GPT1 in the rice anther development and pollen fertility. Pollen grains from homozygous osgpt1 mutant plants fail to accumulate starch granules, resulting in pollen sterility. Genetic analyses reveal a sporophytic effect for this mutation. Os GPT1 is highly expressed in the tapetal layer of rice anther. Degeneration of the tapetum, an important process to provide cellular contents to support pollen development, is impeded in osgpt1 plants. In addition, defective intine and exine are observed in the pollen from osgpt1 plants. Expression levels of multiple genes that are important to tapetum degeneration or pollen wall formation are significantly decreased in osgpt1 anthers. Previously, we reported that At GPT1 plays a gametic function in the accumulation of lipid bodies in Arabidopsis pollen. This report highlights a sporophytic role of Os GPT1 in the tapetum degeneration and pollen development. The divergent functions of Os GPT1 and At GPT1 in pollen development might be a result of their independent evolution after monocots and dicots diverged.展开更多
A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated.Most of these compounds were highly active ...A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated.Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type(WT)HIV-1 strain(ⅢB)with EC50 values in the range of0.0038-0.4759μmol/L.Among those compounds,I-11 had an EC50 value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI(selectivity index)of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1.In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds 1-11 and 1-12 displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains(EC50s range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9-219.3 nmol/L,respectively).On the other hand,it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC50 values of 2.77 and4.87μmol/L for HIV-1 A17(K103 N+Y181 C).The activity against reverse transcriptase(RT)was also evaluated for those compounds.Both I-11 and 1-12 obtained sub-micromolar IC50 values showing their potential in RT inhibition.The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound 1-11 has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.Preliminary structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.展开更多
As a living fossil, the endangered Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis) has been considered a national treasure in China. Here,the famous Gezhouba Dam and Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were built in 1988 and 2...As a living fossil, the endangered Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis) has been considered a national treasure in China. Here,the famous Gezhouba Dam and Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were built in 1988 and 2006, for economic purposes.The natural population of Chinese sturgeon has declined since then, as these dams block its migratory route to the original spawning grounds in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In 2013 and 2014, there was an absence of spawning where it typically happened near the Gezhouba Dam. Nevertheless, from April to June in 2015, over 1,000 larvae with different body lengths(10–35 cm) were detected along the Shanghai Yangtze Estuary; but only little is currently known about the population genetic structure of the Chinese sturgeon. Herein, we inferred population genetic parameters from 462 available Chinese sturgeon specimens based on a 421-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) D-loop region and 1,481,620 SNPs(singlenucleotide polymorphisms) generated by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq). For the D-loop dataset, 15 haplotypes were determined. Randomly picked 23 individuals, representing the 15 D-loop haplotype groups, were subsequently used for further RAD-seq validation. The average nucleotide diversity calculated from the mtDNA and RAD datasets was 0.0086 and 0.000478, respectively. The overall effective female population size was calculated to be 1,255 to 2,607, and the long-term effective population size was estimated to range from 11,950 to 119,500. We observed that the genetic variability and the effective female population size of the current population in the Yangtze River are severely low, which are similar to the data reported over 10 years ago. The deduced relatively small effective population of female fish, limiting the genetic connectivity among Chinese sturgeon, should be considered a serious threat to this endangered species.展开更多
文摘针对目前在水下复杂环境中池塘养殖河蟹与饵料的检测算法存在检测精度低、速度慢等问题,该研究提出了基于改进YOLOv5s(you only look once version 5 small)的河蟹与饵料检测方法。首先,采用轻量化卷积Ghost替换普通卷积,同时利用GhostBottleneck结构替换原主干网络中的残差结构快速提取网络特征,减少模型计算量,满足安卓端的应用要求。其次,为了弥补因网络参数量减少造成网络检测精度稍有降低的问题,借鉴BiFPN(bidirectional feature pyramid network)的思想改进原始YOLOv5s的双向融合骨干网络,以较低的计算成本提高网络对小目标的检测精度。此外,为了帮助网络进一步更好地识别目标,加入了CA(coordinate attention)注意力机制,使得图像中感兴趣的区域能够更准确地被捕获。试验结果表明:该研究改进模型平均精度均值为96.9%,计算量为8.5GFLOPs,与当前主流的单阶段有锚框目标检测算法SSD(single shot multibox detector)和YOLOv3相比,具有更高的检测精度以及更少的计算量。相比于原始YOLOv5s模型,本文改进模型平均精度均值提高了2.2个百分点,计算量和模型内存都降低了40%以上。最后,将改进前后的模型部署到安卓设备上测试。测试结果表明:改进后模型的平均检测速度为148 ms/帧,相较于原始模型检测速度提高了20.9%,并且保持了较好的检测效果,平衡了安卓设备对模型检测精度以及速度的性能需求,能够为河蟹养殖投饵量的精准确定提供参考。
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (31922005)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR18C020001)+2 种基金Zhejiang University K.P.Chao’s High Technology Development Foundation (2018RC016)the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST (2018QNRC001)111 Project (B14027) to J.X。
文摘Coordination between the sporophytic tissue and the gametic pollen within anthers is tightly controlled to achieve the optimal pollen fitness. Glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator(GPT) transports glucose-6-phosphate, a key precursor of starch and/or fatty acid biosynthesis, into plastids. Here, we report the functional characterization of Os GPT1 in the rice anther development and pollen fertility. Pollen grains from homozygous osgpt1 mutant plants fail to accumulate starch granules, resulting in pollen sterility. Genetic analyses reveal a sporophytic effect for this mutation. Os GPT1 is highly expressed in the tapetal layer of rice anther. Degeneration of the tapetum, an important process to provide cellular contents to support pollen development, is impeded in osgpt1 plants. In addition, defective intine and exine are observed in the pollen from osgpt1 plants. Expression levels of multiple genes that are important to tapetum degeneration or pollen wall formation are significantly decreased in osgpt1 anthers. Previously, we reported that At GPT1 plays a gametic function in the accumulation of lipid bodies in Arabidopsis pollen. This report highlights a sporophytic role of Os GPT1 in the tapetum degeneration and pollen development. The divergent functions of Os GPT1 and At GPT1 in pollen development might be a result of their independent evolution after monocots and dicots diverged.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1702286,21262044,81660612,21362017,21762048)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT_17R94,China)+3 种基金The Key Scientific and Technological Program of China(2017ZX09101004-014-007)The Yunnan Applicative and Basic Research Program(P0120150150,2018FA048,China)Project of Innovative Research Team of Yunnan Province to Weilie XiaoShanghai Chem Partner Co.,Ltd.for completing the Pharmacokinetics Assays.
文摘A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated.Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type(WT)HIV-1 strain(ⅢB)with EC50 values in the range of0.0038-0.4759μmol/L.Among those compounds,I-11 had an EC50 value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI(selectivity index)of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1.In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds 1-11 and 1-12 displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains(EC50s range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9-219.3 nmol/L,respectively).On the other hand,it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC50 values of 2.77 and4.87μmol/L for HIV-1 A17(K103 N+Y181 C).The activity against reverse transcriptase(RT)was also evaluated for those compounds.Both I-11 and 1-12 obtained sub-micromolar IC50 values showing their potential in RT inhibition.The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound 1-11 has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability.Preliminary structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370047, U1301252)Shenzhen Scientific R & D Grant (GJHS20160331150703934)+1 种基金Shenzhen Dapeng Special Program for Industrial Development (KY20160102)Zhenjiang Leading Talent Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship
文摘As a living fossil, the endangered Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis) has been considered a national treasure in China. Here,the famous Gezhouba Dam and Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were built in 1988 and 2006, for economic purposes.The natural population of Chinese sturgeon has declined since then, as these dams block its migratory route to the original spawning grounds in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In 2013 and 2014, there was an absence of spawning where it typically happened near the Gezhouba Dam. Nevertheless, from April to June in 2015, over 1,000 larvae with different body lengths(10–35 cm) were detected along the Shanghai Yangtze Estuary; but only little is currently known about the population genetic structure of the Chinese sturgeon. Herein, we inferred population genetic parameters from 462 available Chinese sturgeon specimens based on a 421-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) D-loop region and 1,481,620 SNPs(singlenucleotide polymorphisms) generated by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq). For the D-loop dataset, 15 haplotypes were determined. Randomly picked 23 individuals, representing the 15 D-loop haplotype groups, were subsequently used for further RAD-seq validation. The average nucleotide diversity calculated from the mtDNA and RAD datasets was 0.0086 and 0.000478, respectively. The overall effective female population size was calculated to be 1,255 to 2,607, and the long-term effective population size was estimated to range from 11,950 to 119,500. We observed that the genetic variability and the effective female population size of the current population in the Yangtze River are severely low, which are similar to the data reported over 10 years ago. The deduced relatively small effective population of female fish, limiting the genetic connectivity among Chinese sturgeon, should be considered a serious threat to this endangered species.
