Cyber-physical systems(CPSs) are integrations of networks, computation and physical processes, where embedded computing devices continually sense, monitor, and control the physical processes through networks. Networke...Cyber-physical systems(CPSs) are integrations of networks, computation and physical processes, where embedded computing devices continually sense, monitor, and control the physical processes through networks. Networked industrial processes combining internet, real-time computer control systems and industrial processes together are typical CPSs. With the increasingly frequent cyber-attack, security issues have gradually become key problems for CPSs. In this paper, a cyber-physical system security protection approach for networked industrial processes, i.e., industrial CPSs, is proposed. In this approach, attacks are handled layer by layer from general information technology(IT) security protection, to active protection, then to intrusion tolerance and physical security protection. The intrusion tolerance implemented in real-time control systems is the most critical layer because the real time control system directly affects the physical layer. This novel intrusion tolerance scheme with a closed loop defense framework takes into account the special requirements of industrial CPSs. To illustrate the effectiveness of the CPS security protection approach, a networked water level control system is described as a case study in the architecture analysis and design language(AADL) environment. Simulation results show that 3 types of injected attacks can be quickly defended by using the proposed protection approach.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell(HSC)hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development.HSCs perform aerobic glycolysis to provide energy for their activation.Focal adhesion kinase(FAK)promotes aerobic gl...BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell(HSC)hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development.HSCs perform aerobic glycolysis to provide energy for their activation.Focal adhesion kinase(FAK)promotes aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells or fibroblasts,while FAK-related non-kinase(FRNK)inhibits FAK phosphorylation and biological functions.AIM To elucidate the effect of FRNK on liver fibrosis at the level of aerobic glycolytic metabolism in HSCs.METHODS Mouse liver fibrosis models were established by administering CCl4,and the effect of FRNK on the degree of liver fibrosis in the model was evaluated.Transforming growth factor-β1 was used to activate LX-2 cells.Tyrosine phosphorylation at position 397(pY397-FAK)was detected to identify activated FAK,and the expression of the glycolysis-related proteins monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT-1)and enolase1(ENO1)was assessed.Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict putative binding sites for c-myc in the ENO1 promoter region,which were validated with chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)and dual luciferase reporter assays.RESULTS The pY397-FAK level was increased in human fibrotic liver tissue.FRNK knockout promoted liver fibrosis in mouse models.It also increased the activation,migration,proliferation and aerobic glycolysis of primary hepatic stellate cells(pHSCs)but inhibited pHSC apoptosis.Nevertheless,opposite trends for these phenomena were observed after exogenous FRNK treatment in LX-2 cells.Mechanistically,the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway promoted aerobic glycolysis,which was inhibited by exogenous FRNK.CONCLUSION FRNK inhibits aerobic glycolysis in HSCs by inhibiting the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway,thereby improving liver fibrosis.FRNK might be a potential target for liver fibrosis treatment.展开更多
In networked control systems （NCS）,the control performance depends on not only the control algorithm but also the communication protocol stack.The performance degradation introduced by the heterogeneous and dynamic ...In networked control systems （NCS）,the control performance depends on not only the control algorithm but also the communication protocol stack.The performance degradation introduced by the heterogeneous and dynamic communication environment has intensified the need for the reconfigurable protocol stack.In this paper,a novel architecture for the reconfigurable protocol stack is proposed,which is a unified specification of the protocol components and service interfaces supporting both static and dynamic reconfiguration for existing industrial communication standards.Within the architecture,a triple-level self-organization structure is designed to manage the dynamic reconfiguration procedure based on information exchanges inside and outside the protocol stack.Especially,the protocol stack can be self-adaptive to various environment and system requirements through the reconfiguration of working mode,routing and scheduling table.Finally,the study on the protocol of dynamic address management is conducted for the system of controller area network （CAN）.The results show the efficiency of our self-organizing architecture for the implementation of a reconfigurable protocol stack.展开更多
为更好地了解云南省鼠类中贝氏柯克斯体Coxiella burnetii的流行情况,以便制定针对Q热的预防和控制措施,本研究采用巢式PCR方法检测云南省玉龙县捕获的鼠类携带贝氏柯克斯体的情况,并对阳性样本的贝氏柯克斯体进行多间隔区序列分型(mult...为更好地了解云南省鼠类中贝氏柯克斯体Coxiella burnetii的流行情况,以便制定针对Q热的预防和控制措施,本研究采用巢式PCR方法检测云南省玉龙县捕获的鼠类携带贝氏柯克斯体的情况,并对阳性样本的贝氏柯克斯体进行多间隔区序列分型(multispacer sequence typing,MST)和多位点可变数目的串联重复分析(multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis,MLVA)。结果显示,在玉龙共捕获到49只野生鼠类,其中24只携带贝氏柯克斯体(48.98%,24/49)。基因分型结果显示阳性样本携带贝氏柯克斯体的MST型别可分为MST16和一种新的MST基因型别,但未能获得最终的MLVA基因型别。本研究表明云南玉龙的鼠类携带新的贝氏柯克斯体MST基因型别,可为我国Q热的溯源提供一定的理论依据和数据支撑。展开更多
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61272204 and 61433006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2013ZZGH006)
文摘Cyber-physical systems(CPSs) are integrations of networks, computation and physical processes, where embedded computing devices continually sense, monitor, and control the physical processes through networks. Networked industrial processes combining internet, real-time computer control systems and industrial processes together are typical CPSs. With the increasingly frequent cyber-attack, security issues have gradually become key problems for CPSs. In this paper, a cyber-physical system security protection approach for networked industrial processes, i.e., industrial CPSs, is proposed. In this approach, attacks are handled layer by layer from general information technology(IT) security protection, to active protection, then to intrusion tolerance and physical security protection. The intrusion tolerance implemented in real-time control systems is the most critical layer because the real time control system directly affects the physical layer. This novel intrusion tolerance scheme with a closed loop defense framework takes into account the special requirements of industrial CPSs. To illustrate the effectiveness of the CPS security protection approach, a networked water level control system is described as a case study in the architecture analysis and design language(AADL) environment. Simulation results show that 3 types of injected attacks can be quickly defended by using the proposed protection approach.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860115,No.82060116 and No.81960118the Science and Technology Support Project of Guizhou Province,No.[2021]094.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cell(HSC)hyperactivation is a central link in liver fibrosis development.HSCs perform aerobic glycolysis to provide energy for their activation.Focal adhesion kinase(FAK)promotes aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells or fibroblasts,while FAK-related non-kinase(FRNK)inhibits FAK phosphorylation and biological functions.AIM To elucidate the effect of FRNK on liver fibrosis at the level of aerobic glycolytic metabolism in HSCs.METHODS Mouse liver fibrosis models were established by administering CCl4,and the effect of FRNK on the degree of liver fibrosis in the model was evaluated.Transforming growth factor-β1 was used to activate LX-2 cells.Tyrosine phosphorylation at position 397(pY397-FAK)was detected to identify activated FAK,and the expression of the glycolysis-related proteins monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT-1)and enolase1(ENO1)was assessed.Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict putative binding sites for c-myc in the ENO1 promoter region,which were validated with chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)and dual luciferase reporter assays.RESULTS The pY397-FAK level was increased in human fibrotic liver tissue.FRNK knockout promoted liver fibrosis in mouse models.It also increased the activation,migration,proliferation and aerobic glycolysis of primary hepatic stellate cells(pHSCs)but inhibited pHSC apoptosis.Nevertheless,opposite trends for these phenomena were observed after exogenous FRNK treatment in LX-2 cells.Mechanistically,the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway promoted aerobic glycolysis,which was inhibited by exogenous FRNK.CONCLUSION FRNK inhibits aerobic glycolysis in HSCs by inhibiting the FAK/Ras/c-myc/ENO1 pathway,thereby improving liver fibrosis.FRNK might be a potential target for liver fibrosis treatment.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60674081,No. 60834002,No. 61074145)
文摘In networked control systems （NCS）,the control performance depends on not only the control algorithm but also the communication protocol stack.The performance degradation introduced by the heterogeneous and dynamic communication environment has intensified the need for the reconfigurable protocol stack.In this paper,a novel architecture for the reconfigurable protocol stack is proposed,which is a unified specification of the protocol components and service interfaces supporting both static and dynamic reconfiguration for existing industrial communication standards.Within the architecture,a triple-level self-organization structure is designed to manage the dynamic reconfiguration procedure based on information exchanges inside and outside the protocol stack.Especially,the protocol stack can be self-adaptive to various environment and system requirements through the reconfiguration of working mode,routing and scheduling table.Finally,the study on the protocol of dynamic address management is conducted for the system of controller area network （CAN）.The results show the efficiency of our self-organizing architecture for the implementation of a reconfigurable protocol stack.
文摘为更好地了解云南省鼠类中贝氏柯克斯体Coxiella burnetii的流行情况,以便制定针对Q热的预防和控制措施,本研究采用巢式PCR方法检测云南省玉龙县捕获的鼠类携带贝氏柯克斯体的情况,并对阳性样本的贝氏柯克斯体进行多间隔区序列分型(multispacer sequence typing,MST)和多位点可变数目的串联重复分析(multilocus variable number tandem repeats analysis,MLVA)。结果显示,在玉龙共捕获到49只野生鼠类,其中24只携带贝氏柯克斯体(48.98%,24/49)。基因分型结果显示阳性样本携带贝氏柯克斯体的MST型别可分为MST16和一种新的MST基因型别,但未能获得最终的MLVA基因型别。本研究表明云南玉龙的鼠类携带新的贝氏柯克斯体MST基因型别,可为我国Q热的溯源提供一定的理论依据和数据支撑。
