To understand the interaction of fly ash and mercury, systematic experiments on mercury oxidation in single flue gas composition are conducted on a fixed bed reactor system, the desorption rate and speciation of mercu...To understand the interaction of fly ash and mercury, systematic experiments on mercury oxidation in single flue gas composition are conducted on a fixed bed reactor system, the desorption rate and speciation of mercury are valuated. The results indicate that fly ash itself can significantly promote elemental mercury oxidation. A classification of fly ash activated sites is developed according to the speciation of mercury during adsorption-desorption tests, the reaction mechanism of mercury oxidation by fly ash is proposed. Acid gas can promote mercury oxidation and improve the stability of oxidation product. Lattice oxygen is an important oxidant of mercury oxidation.展开更多
A catalyst composed of manganese oxides supported on titania （MnOx/TiO2） synthesized by a sol-gel method was selected to remove nitric oxide and mercury jointly at a relatively low temperature in simulated flue gas ...A catalyst composed of manganese oxides supported on titania （MnOx/TiO2） synthesized by a sol-gel method was selected to remove nitric oxide and mercury jointly at a relatively low temperature in simulated flue gas from coal-fired power plants. The physico-chemical characteristics of catalysts were investigated by X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analyses, etc. The effects of Mn loading, reaction temperature and individual flue gas components on denitration and Hg0 removal were examined. The results indicated that the optimal MrgTi molar ratio was 0.8 and the best working temperature was 240℃for NO conversion. 02 and a proper ratio of [NH3]/[NO] are essential for the denitration reaction. Both NO conversion and Hg0 removal efficiency could reach more than 80% when NO and Hg0 were removed simultaneously using Mn0.8Ti at 240℃. Hg0 removal efficiency slightly declined as the Mn content increased in the catalysts. The reaction temperature had no significant effect on Hg0 removal efficiency. 02 and HCI had a promotional effect on Hg0 removal. SO2 and NH3 were observed to weaken Hg0 removal because of competitive adsorption. NO first facilitated Hg0 removal and then had an inhibiting effect as NO concentration increased without 02, and it exhibited weak inhibition of Hg0 removal efficiency in the presence of 02. The oxidation of Hg0 on MnOx/ TiO= follows the Mars-Maessen and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms.展开更多
SROs(Similar to rcd one)是植物特有的基因家族。本研究利用生物信息学方法从茶树基因组中鉴定获得9个茶树SRO基因家族成员,分别命名为CsRCD1-4和CsSRO1-5。9个茶树SRO基因的编码蛋白均具有特征结构域PARP和RST,具有相似的保守基序。...SROs(Similar to rcd one)是植物特有的基因家族。本研究利用生物信息学方法从茶树基因组中鉴定获得9个茶树SRO基因家族成员,分别命名为CsRCD1-4和CsSRO1-5。9个茶树SRO基因的编码蛋白均具有特征结构域PARP和RST,具有相似的保守基序。系统进化树分析聚分为3组,Ι组包含CsRCD1-4,Ⅱ组包含CsSRO1和CsSRO2,Ⅲ组包含CsSRO3-5。基因结构分析表明每个CsSRO基因含有4至9个外显子。8个茶树组织转录组数据分析表明,CsRCD1、CsRCD3和CsRCD4可能在茶树不同发育阶段具有重要作用;大多数CsSRO基因在根和成熟叶中较高表达。上游启动子区域分析发现大量与植物发育、激素及胁迫响应密切相关的顺式作用元件,进一步对CsSRO基因在干旱和脱落酸处理下的表达模式进行分析发现,9个CsSRO基因均被诱导表达,CsSRO基因可能与茶树抗旱密切相关。展开更多
为研究影响肉鸡屠宰性状选育的主要遗传因素,试验采用全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)挖掘与屠宰性状相关的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点和候选基因。以264只金陵花鸡终端父系公鸡为...为研究影响肉鸡屠宰性状选育的主要遗传因素,试验采用全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)挖掘与屠宰性状相关的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点和候选基因。以264只金陵花鸡终端父系公鸡为试验材料,采集血液提取DNA,使用全基因组重测序技术获取个体基因型数据,使用PLINK 1.90软件对基因型数据进行质量控制。对宰前体重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重4个性状进行屠宰测定,使用EXCEL和R语言进行正态分布检验和相关性分析。使用GEMMA软件进行GWAS分析,定位出显著的SNP位点。使用SPSS软件分析屠宰性状的有利基因型。结果显示:屠宰性状均符合正态分布,相关度在0.96以上。定位到4个显著的SNP位点,注释到一个基因为RAB6A。1和3号染色体显著位点TT为有利基因型,19号染色体上显著位点CC为有利基因型。研究提示:应根据挖掘到的显著SNPs和候选基因进行屠宰性状的选择,加强肉鸡屠宰性状分子育种的理论基础以提高屠宰加工型肉鸡的选择进展。展开更多
An exergy life cycle assessment(ELCA) model based on life cycle assessment(LCA) and exergy methodology was developed to assess a 2×300 MW coal-fired power plant,and the results indicated that the exergy input in ...An exergy life cycle assessment(ELCA) model based on life cycle assessment(LCA) and exergy methodology was developed to assess a 2×300 MW coal-fired power plant,and the results indicated that the exergy input in operation phase of power plant accounts for 99.89% of the total input and only 0.11% in construction and decommission phases. Direct and indirect exergy inputs account for 93.03% and 6.97%,respectively. Compared with coal-fired power generation system before carbon emission reduction,exergy input-output ratio of life cycle "CO2 zero-emission" energy system and exergy efficiency are about 5.563 and 17.97%,respectively,which increases by 62.47% and declines by 11.21% approximately. The model quantifies the energy,resource consumption and pollutant emissions of system life cycle using exergy as the basic physical parameter,which will make the assessment more objective and reasonable.展开更多
Metabolic changes play a crucial role in determining the status and function of macrophages,but how lipid reprogramming in macrophages contributes to tumor progression is not yet fully understood.Here,we investigated ...Metabolic changes play a crucial role in determining the status and function of macrophages,but how lipid reprogramming in macrophages contributes to tumor progression is not yet fully understood.Here,we investigated the phenotype,contribution,and regulatory mechanisms of lipid droplet(LD)-laden macrophages(LLMs)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Enriched LLMs were found in tumor tissues and were associated with disease progression in HCC patients.The LLMs displayed immunosuppressive phenotypes(with extensive expression of TREM2,PD-L1,CD206,and CD163)and attenuated the antitumor activities of CD8^(+)T cells.Mechanistically,tumor-induced reshuffling of cellular lipids and TNFα-mediated uptake of tumoral fatty acids contribute to the generation of triglycerides and LDs in macrophages.LDs prolong LLM survival and promote CCL20 secretion,which further recruits CCR6^(+)Tregs to HCC tissue.Inhibiting LLM formation by targeting DGAT1 and DGAT2,which catalyze the synthesis of triglycerides,significantly reduced Treg recruitment,and delayed tumor growth in a mouse hepatic tumor model.Our results reveal the suppressive phenotypes and mechanisms of LLM enrichment in HCC and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting LLMs for HCC patients.展开更多
Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil society.The key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air qua...Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil society.The key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term perspective.Here,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese Megacity.The station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol particles.This produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per year.In this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50906031, 50721005, 20877030)National Basic Re-search Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB200304)China Postdoc-toral Science Foundation Funded Project
文摘To understand the interaction of fly ash and mercury, systematic experiments on mercury oxidation in single flue gas composition are conducted on a fixed bed reactor system, the desorption rate and speciation of mercury are valuated. The results indicate that fly ash itself can significantly promote elemental mercury oxidation. A classification of fly ash activated sites is developed according to the speciation of mercury during adsorption-desorption tests, the reaction mechanism of mercury oxidation by fly ash is proposed. Acid gas can promote mercury oxidation and improve the stability of oxidation product. Lattice oxygen is an important oxidant of mercury oxidation.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2014CB238904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos.51176060,51376074)
文摘A catalyst composed of manganese oxides supported on titania （MnOx/TiO2） synthesized by a sol-gel method was selected to remove nitric oxide and mercury jointly at a relatively low temperature in simulated flue gas from coal-fired power plants. The physico-chemical characteristics of catalysts were investigated by X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analyses, etc. The effects of Mn loading, reaction temperature and individual flue gas components on denitration and Hg0 removal were examined. The results indicated that the optimal MrgTi molar ratio was 0.8 and the best working temperature was 240℃for NO conversion. 02 and a proper ratio of [NH3]/[NO] are essential for the denitration reaction. Both NO conversion and Hg0 removal efficiency could reach more than 80% when NO and Hg0 were removed simultaneously using Mn0.8Ti at 240℃. Hg0 removal efficiency slightly declined as the Mn content increased in the catalysts. The reaction temperature had no significant effect on Hg0 removal efficiency. 02 and HCI had a promotional effect on Hg0 removal. SO2 and NH3 were observed to weaken Hg0 removal because of competitive adsorption. NO first facilitated Hg0 removal and then had an inhibiting effect as NO concentration increased without 02, and it exhibited weak inhibition of Hg0 removal efficiency in the presence of 02. The oxidation of Hg0 on MnOx/ TiO= follows the Mars-Maessen and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms.
文摘SROs(Similar to rcd one)是植物特有的基因家族。本研究利用生物信息学方法从茶树基因组中鉴定获得9个茶树SRO基因家族成员,分别命名为CsRCD1-4和CsSRO1-5。9个茶树SRO基因的编码蛋白均具有特征结构域PARP和RST,具有相似的保守基序。系统进化树分析聚分为3组,Ι组包含CsRCD1-4,Ⅱ组包含CsSRO1和CsSRO2,Ⅲ组包含CsSRO3-5。基因结构分析表明每个CsSRO基因含有4至9个外显子。8个茶树组织转录组数据分析表明,CsRCD1、CsRCD3和CsRCD4可能在茶树不同发育阶段具有重要作用;大多数CsSRO基因在根和成熟叶中较高表达。上游启动子区域分析发现大量与植物发育、激素及胁迫响应密切相关的顺式作用元件,进一步对CsSRO基因在干旱和脱落酸处理下的表达模式进行分析发现,9个CsSRO基因均被诱导表达,CsSRO基因可能与茶树抗旱密切相关。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.40972102,50936001,51021065)the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Project) (Grant No.2010CB227003)
文摘An exergy life cycle assessment(ELCA) model based on life cycle assessment(LCA) and exergy methodology was developed to assess a 2×300 MW coal-fired power plant,and the results indicated that the exergy input in operation phase of power plant accounts for 99.89% of the total input and only 0.11% in construction and decommission phases. Direct and indirect exergy inputs account for 93.03% and 6.97%,respectively. Compared with coal-fired power generation system before carbon emission reduction,exergy input-output ratio of life cycle "CO2 zero-emission" energy system and exergy efficiency are about 5.563 and 17.97%,respectively,which increases by 62.47% and declines by 11.21% approximately. The model quantifies the energy,resource consumption and pollutant emissions of system life cycle using exergy as the basic physical parameter,which will make the assessment more objective and reasonable.
基金supported by project grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA0915703)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515111205)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230034,82273296)the Open Fund Project of Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences(YKY-KF202207).
文摘Metabolic changes play a crucial role in determining the status and function of macrophages,but how lipid reprogramming in macrophages contributes to tumor progression is not yet fully understood.Here,we investigated the phenotype,contribution,and regulatory mechanisms of lipid droplet(LD)-laden macrophages(LLMs)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Enriched LLMs were found in tumor tissues and were associated with disease progression in HCC patients.The LLMs displayed immunosuppressive phenotypes(with extensive expression of TREM2,PD-L1,CD206,and CD163)and attenuated the antitumor activities of CD8^(+)T cells.Mechanistically,tumor-induced reshuffling of cellular lipids and TNFα-mediated uptake of tumoral fatty acids contribute to the generation of triglycerides and LDs in macrophages.LDs prolong LLM survival and promote CCL20 secretion,which further recruits CCR6^(+)Tregs to HCC tissue.Inhibiting LLM formation by targeting DGAT1 and DGAT2,which catalyze the synthesis of triglycerides,significantly reduced Treg recruitment,and delayed tumor growth in a mouse hepatic tumor model.Our results reveal the suppressive phenotypes and mechanisms of LLM enrichment in HCC and suggest the therapeutic potential of targeting LLMs for HCC patients.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41877306)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2019YFC0214701)+1 种基金Academy of Finland via Center of Excellence in Atmospheric Sciences(272041,316114,and 315203)European Research Council via ATM-GTP 266(742206),the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering.
文摘Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil society.The key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term perspective.Here,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese Megacity.The station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol particles.This produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per year.In this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities.
