A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan City, Guangdong, China. The spatial distribution, sources, accumulation characteristics and potential risk of heavy metals i...A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan City, Guangdong, China. The spatial distribution, sources, accumulation characteristics and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were depicted in details by three different approaches, including total contents of eight metal elements in soils and vegetables, GIS maps and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in soils in the study. The results show that there are higher accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg in agricultural soils, and the contents of Pb （65.38 mg kg^-1） and Hg （0.24 mg kg^-1） are 1.82 and 2.82 times of the background contents of the corresponding heavy metals in soils of Guangdong Province, respectively. There are about 3.4% of Cu, 5.9% of Ni, 1.7% of Cd and 28% of Hg in all collected soil samples from all investigated sites which have overran the contents for heavy metals of the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils （GB15618-1995, Grade Ⅱ）. The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly reflected by Hg. There are different sources to eight metal elements in soils, Cu, Zn, Ni Cr and As are predominantly derived from parent materials, and Pb, Hg and Cd are affected by anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution shows that the Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Hg contents of agricultural soils are high in the west and low in the east, and Cd contents are high in the northwest, southeast and low in the southwest in Dongguan. The ratios of vegetable samples which Ni, Pb and As concentrations higher than the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods （GB2762-2005） are 4.7%, 16.3% and 48.8%, respectively. The order of bio-concentration factors （BCF） of heavy metals in vegetables is Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 As 〉 Ni 〉 Hg 〉 Cr 〉 Pb. It is necessary to focus on potential risk of heavy metals for food safety and human＇s health from agricultural soils and vegetables in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province.展开更多
AIM: To explore the anti-fibrotic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Ninety healthy m...AIM: To explore the anti-fibrotic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group (n=-10), treatment group of compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (n=-40) and CCl4-induced model group (n=40). The liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 subcutaneous injection. Treatment group was administered with compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (0.5 g/kg) once a day at the same time. Then the activities of several serum fibrosis-associated enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG) and the levels ofserum procollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ), collagen Ⅳ (CⅣ), hyaluronic acid （HA） were assayed. The histooathol(mical chanaes were observed with HE, VG and Masson stain. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA,αl (I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX ) mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in situ.RESULTS: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor significantly reduced serum activities of ALT, AST, β-NAG and decreased the levels of PCⅢ, CⅣ, HA, improved the liver histopathological changes, inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, α(1) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA in rats. CONCLUSION: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor can intervene in CCI4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, in which potential mechanisms may be decreasing the production of TGF-β1, reducing the production of collagen, preventing the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and inhibiting theexpression of TGF-β1 mRNA, αl(I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA.展开更多
High penetration rates of renewable energy will bring stability problems for the future power grid.One of the critical issues is lack of inertia.In this paper,a synchronous motor-generator pair(MGP)system is proposed ...High penetration rates of renewable energy will bring stability problems for the future power grid.One of the critical issues is lack of inertia.In this paper,a synchronous motor-generator pair(MGP)system is proposed as a possible solution for renewable energy integration to enhance inertia and improve grid stability.First,feasibility studies of MGP on inertia,damping,efficiency,and cost are presented.Second,an analytical model is established based on its rotor angle relation.An active power control scheme based on voltage phase difference between renewable energy source and grid is then proposed,and state equations of MGP are derived for small signal stability.Next,two experiments are designed and implemented to verify stable operation and active power regulation of the MGP system.A single-machine infinite bus system is tested to investigate small signal stability and frequency response of MGP.The results show that the MGP system has a solid base in physics and is a feasible solution for providing enough inertia and improving small signal performance in the power grid with high penetration of renewable energy.The paper concludes with a discussion on future research directions to gain a better understanding of MGP.展开更多
AIM: To reduce the incidence of postoperative anastomoticleak, stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) for patientswith esophageal carcinoma, and to evaluate the conventionalmethod of esophagectomy and esophagogastrop...AIM: To reduce the incidence of postoperative anastomoticleak, stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) for patientswith esophageal carcinoma, and to evaluate the conventionalmethod of esophagectomy and esophagogastroplastymodified by a new three-layer-funnel-shaped (TLF)esophagogastric anastomotic suturing technique.METHODS: From January 1997 to October 1999, patientswith clinical stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (Ⅱa and Ⅱb) esophagealcarcinoma, which met the enrollment criteria, were surgicallytreated by the new method (Group A) and by conventionaloperation (Group B). All the patients were followed at leastfor 6 months. Postoperative outcomes and complicationswere recorded and compared with the conventional methodin the same hospitals and with that reported previously byMcLarty etalin 1997 (Group C).RESULTS: 58 cases with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (Ⅱa and Ⅱb)esophageal carcinoma, including 38 males and 20 femalesaged from 34 to 78 (mean age: 57), were surgically treatedby the TLF anastomosis and 64 by conventional method inour hospitals from January 1997 to October 1999. The qualityof swallowing was improved significantly (Wilcoxon W＝2 142,P＝0.0 001) 2 to 3 months after the new operation in GroupA. Only one patient had a blind anastomatic fistula diagnosedby barium swallow test 2 months but healed up 3 weekslater. Postoperative complications occurred in 25 (43 %)patients, anastomotic stenosis in 8 (14 %), and GER in 13(22 %). The incidences of postoperative anastomotic leak,stenosis and GER were significantly decreased by the TLFanastomosis method compared with that of conventionalmethods (x2＝6.566, P ＝0.038; x2＝10.214, P＝ 0.006;x2＝21.265, P＝0.000).CONCLUSION: The new three-layer-funnel-shapedesophagogastric anastomosis (TLFEGA) hasmore advantagesto reduce postoperative complications of anastomotic leak,stricture and GER.展开更多
By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is ...By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is presented to replace the current 5-axis coordinated linear interpolation method defective in low-speed, low-accuracy and enormous numerical control （NC） files in sculptured surface machining. A generation procedure of the NC files with the presented format is introduced and the method to realize the interpolation in an open computer numerical control （CNC） system is developed by ourselves. These illustrated the feasibility of the proposed method and its capability of avoiding all the shortages of 5-axis linear interpolation method.展开更多
Color is an important trait for horticultural crops.Carotenoids are one of the main pigments for coloration and have important implications for photosynthesis in plants and benefits for human health.Here,we identified...Color is an important trait for horticultural crops.Carotenoids are one of the main pigments for coloration and have important implications for photosynthesis in plants and benefits for human health.Here,we identified an APETALA2(AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR(ERF)transcription factor named MdAP2-34 in apple(Malus domestica Borkh.).MdAP2-34 expression exhibited a close correlation with carotenoid content in‘Benin Shogun’and‘Yanfu 3’fruit flesh.MdAP2-34 promotes carotenoid accumulation in MdAP2-34-OVX transgenic apple calli and fruits by participating in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.The major carotenoid contents of phytoene andβ-carotene were much higher in overexpressing MdAP2-34 transgenic calli and fruit skin,yet the predominant compound of lutein showed no obvious difference,indicating that MdAP2-34 regulates phytoene andβ-carotene accumulation but not lutein.MdPSY2-1(phytoene synthase 2)is a major gene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in apple fruit,and the MdPSY2-1 gene is directly bound and transcriptionally activated by MdAP2-34.In addition,overexpressing MdPSY2-1 in apple calli mainly increases phytoene and total carotenoid contents.Our findings will advance and extend our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple,and this research is valuable for accelerating the apple breeding process.展开更多
Soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang,China were analyzed for 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） with harmonized sampling,sample extraction and analysis quantification methods.The concentrations a...Soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang,China were analyzed for 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） with harmonized sampling,sample extraction and analysis quantification methods.The concentrations and sources of PAHs in soil samples of the two cities were compared.Almost all of the PAH components were detectable in 103 soil samples.The concentrations of ∑ PAHs ranged from 35.40 to 534.5 μg/kg in soil samples from Huizhou,and ranged from 9.50 to 6618.00 μg/kg in samples from Zhanjiang.Evident differences of concentrations,compositions and sources of PAHs in soils were observed between the two cities.The average concentrations of individual component and the sum of a group of PAHs in soil samples from Zhanjiang were significantly higher than those in Huizhou （P 0.05）.Phe,Flu,Pyr,Bbf and Baa were the dominant PAH components both in soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang.Except for these five components,Bap,I1p,Daa and Bgp were also the dominant PAH components in soil samples from Zhanjiang.Coal combustion and liquid fossil fuel combustion were the same sources of PAHs in the two cities with different contributions,and petroleum played a key role in PAHs release in Zhanjiang.展开更多
5-axis machine tool plays an important role in high-speed and high-precision computer numerical control （CNC） machining of workpieces with complex shapes. A non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） interpolation form...5-axis machine tool plays an important role in high-speed and high-precision computer numerical control （CNC） machining of workpieces with complex shapes. A non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） interpolation format for 5-axis machining is pro- posed to adapt to the high speed machining （HSM）. With this interpolation format, angles between orientation vectors are chosen as parameters of orientation B-spline constructed by an open controller to achieve reasonable orientation vectors in real-time interpolation process. Coordinated motion between linear axes and rotary axes is achieved by building a polynomial spline which relates interpolation arc lengths of position spline to angles of orientation spline. Algorithm routine of this interpolation format and its realization methods in the supported controller are discussed in detail. Finally, performance of the proposed NURBS in- terpolation format is demonstrated by a practical example.展开更多
To investigate the significance of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) antibody,detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) for the SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates,in non-SARS subjects, 114 ser...To investigate the significance of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) antibody,detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) for the SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates,in non-SARS subjects, 114 serum samples from healthy controls and 104 serum specimens from autoimmune disease patients were collected.The results of ELISA showed that among 114 sera from healthy controls,4 (3.5%) were positive of SARS-CoV-IgG antibody and 114 (100%) were all negative of SARS-CoV-IgM antibody;the specificity of SARS-CoV-IgG antibody for SARS patients was 96.5%,but the specificity of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies for SARS patients was 100%.In 58 cases with SLE,positive rates of SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies were 32.8% (19/58) and 8.6% (5/58),respectively,in which 11 cases (19%) were positive of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies;in 10 cases with SS,positive rate of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies was 10% (1/10);in 16 cases with MCTD,positive rate of SARS-CoV-IgG was 37.5% (6/16),positive rate of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies was 6.3% (1/16);in 20 cases with RA,one case was positive (5%) of SARS-CoV-IgG.However,of all samples with positive SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies for autoimmune diseases and healthy controls,SARS-CoV RNA and antibodies were all negative by RT-PCR and IFA.All sera for negative or positive ELISA results were also negative or positive results using ELISA with Vero E6 cells lysates.These studies showed that SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates for the ELISA to detect SARS-CoV antibodies could lead to the false-positive reactions or cross-reactions of SARS-CoV antibodies in non-SARS diseases and healthy controls,and the false-positive reactions or cross-reactions were related to Vero E6 cell lysates and autoantibodies in non-SARS population.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(4): 304-307.展开更多
The problem of efficiently monitoring the network flow is regarded as the problem to find out the minimum weighted weak vertex cover set for a given graphG=(V,E). In this paper, we give an approximation algorithm to s...The problem of efficiently monitoring the network flow is regarded as the problem to find out the minimum weighted weak vertex cover set for a given graphG=(V,E). In this paper, we give an approximation algorithm to solve it, which has the approximation ratio lnd+1, whered is the maximum degree of the vertex in graphG, and improve the previous work. Keywords weak vertex cover - NP-hard - approximation algorithm NoteThis work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2001CCA03000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60273045), and the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation (Grant No.025115032).展开更多
Background:In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary c...Background:In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to address global health issues,has been strongly advocated by the international community.An immediate requirement exists for the creation of an assessment tool to foster One Health initiatives on both global and national scales.Methods:Built upon extensive expert consultations and dialogues,this follow-up study enhances the 2022 global One Health index(GOHI)indicator system.The GOHI framework is enriched by covering three indices,e.g.external drivers index(EDI),intrinsic drivers index(IDI),and core drivers index(CDI).The comprehensive indicator system incorporates 13 key indicators,50 indicators,and 170 sub I-indicators,utilizing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight for each indicator.Weighted and summed,the EDI,IDI,and CDI scores contribute to the computation of the overall GOHI 2022 score.By comparing the ranking and the overall scores among the seven regions and across 160 countries/territories,we have not only derived an overall profile of the GOHI 2022 scores,but also assessed the GOHI framework.We also compared rankings of indicators and sub Iindicators to provide greater clarity on the strengths and weaknesses of each region within the One Health domains.Results:The GOHI 2022 performance reveals significant disparities between countries/territories ranged from 39.03 to 70.61.The global average score of the GOHI 2022 is 54.82.The average score for EDI,IDI,and CDI are 46.57,58.01,and 57.25,respectively.In terms of global rankings,countries from North America,Europe and Central Asia,East Asia and Pacific present higher scores.In terms of One Health domains of CDI,the lowest scores are observed in antimicrobial resistance(median:43.09),followed by food security(median:53.78),governance(median:54.77),climate change(median:64.12)and zoonotic diseases(median:69.23展开更多
Background: Brucellosis poses a serious threat to human and animal health,particularly in developing countries such as China.The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is one of the most severely brucellosis-endemic provinc...Background: Brucellosis poses a serious threat to human and animal health,particularly in developing countries such as China.The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is one of the most severely brucellosis-endemic provinces in China.Currently,the host immune responses functioning to control Brucella infection and development remain poorly understood.The aim of this study is to further clarify the key immunity characteristics of diverse stages of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia.Methods: We collected a total of 733 blood samples from acute(n=137),chronic(n=316),inapparent(n=35),recovery(n=99),and healthy(n=146)groups from the rural community of Inner Mongolia between 2014 and 2015.The proportions of CD4^(+),CD8^(+),Th1,Th2,and Th17 T cells in peripheral blood and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in lymphocytes,monocytes and granulocytes were examined using flow cytometry analysis.The differences among the five groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis method,respectively.Results: Our results revealed that the proportions of CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) T cells were significantly different among the acute,chronic,recovery,and healthy control groups(P<0.05),with lower proportions of CD4^(+) T cells and a higher proportion of CD8^(+) T cells in the acute,chronic,and recovery groups.The proportion of Th1 cells in the acute,chronic,and inapparent groups was higher than that in the healthy and recovery groups;however,there was no significant difference between patients and healthy individuals(P>0.05).The proportion of Th2 lymphocytes was significantly higher in the acute and healthy groups than in the inapparent group(P<0.05).The proportion of Th17 cells in the acute group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control,chronic,and inapparent groups(P<0.05).Finally,the highest expression of TLR4 in lymphocytes,monocytes and granulocytes was observed in the recovery group,and this was followed by the acute,chronic,healthy control,and inapparent groups.There was a significant difference between the recove展开更多
Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical cont...Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical control （HITCNC）, is researched and manufactured based on the interface standards. The system＇s external interfaces are coincident with the corresponding international standards, and the internal interfaces follow the open modular architecture controller （OMAC） agreement. In the research and manufacturing process, object-oriented technology is used to ensure the openness of the HITCNC, and static programming is applied in the CNC system according to the idea of modularization disassembly. The HITCNC also actualizes real-time and unreal-time modules adopting real-time dynamical linked library （RTDLL） and component object model （COM）. Finite state ma- chine （FSM） is adopted to do dynamically modeling of HITCNC. The complete separation between the software and the hardware is achieved in the HITCNC by applying the SoftSERCANS technique. The application of the above key techniques decreases the programming workload greatly, and uses software programs replacing hardware functions, which offers plenty technique ensures for the openness of HITCNC. Finally, based on the HITCNC, a three-dimensional milling system is established. On the system, series experiments are done to validate the expandability and interchangeability of HITCNC. The results of the experiments show that the established open architecture CNC system HITCNC is correct and feasible, and has good openness.展开更多
Background:Tuberculosis(TB),caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,remains the second leading cause of death from a single infectious disease globally and poses a significant economic and clinical burden in the world in...Background:Tuberculosis(TB),caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,remains the second leading cause of death from a single infectious disease globally and poses a significant economic and clinical burden in the world in 2022.Of particular concern is the emergence of drug-resistant TB,accounting for 15%-20%of TB deaths.It is imperative to delve into the global trends of incidence and death rate for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDRTB)and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis(XDR-TB),drawing upon the comprehensive Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 drug-resistant tuberculosis dataset.Methods:From the GBD 2021,data on incidence,prevalence,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),and death of MDR-TB and XDR-TB from 1990 to 2021 were collected.We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes in age standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and age-standardized death rate(ASDR),segmented by age,sex,and socio-demographic index(SDI).The impacts of various risk factors on MDR-TB and XDR-TB were also analyzed.Results:In 2021,there were an estimated 443,680(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:259,196-766,545)incident cases of MDR-TB,and an estimated 106,818(95%UI:41,612-211,854)death cases of MDR-TB,while there were an estimated 24,036(95%UI:17,144-34,587)incident cases of XDR-TB and 7,946(95%UI:3,326-14,859)death cases of XDR-TB.The incidence and death cases of MDR-TB were lowest in high SDI regions,whereas the incidence rates of XDR-TB in high-middle SDI regions were higher than those in middle SDI and high SDI regions.Conclusion:This study reported the disease burden of drug-resistant TB from 1990 to 2021.Until 2021,drugresistant TB is still a serious problem in low SDI countries,especially for high-risk age populations with highrisk factors.Controlling drug-resistant TB requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems.展开更多
Based on data of trade, foreign directinvestment (FDI), economic development andenvironmental conditions in China’s 30 provincesbetween 1990-2002, this paper deals with the impacton Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) ...Based on data of trade, foreign directinvestment (FDI), economic development andenvironmental conditions in China’s 30 provincesbetween 1990-2002, this paper deals with the impacton Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) of tradeand FDI in China. The results show no direct impacton EKC of trade, on the one hand. However, tradecontributes significantly to economic growth, andhas played a positive role in introducing advancedpollution prevention technology and environmentalmanagement methodology to China. Therefore, aproactive trade policy will help solve the environmentalpollution problem brought by economic growth. Onthe other hand, there is a positive correlation betweenFDI and pollutant emission, which proves that FDIdoes have some negative influence on environmentin China due to hasty introduction of foreign capitaland inadequate environmental management systemin China.展开更多
Photovoltaic power(PV)is integrated into the grid through power inverters.But the inverters lead PV to lose some of the characteristics of conventional power sources that are conducive to grid stability,such as reduce...Photovoltaic power(PV)is integrated into the grid through power inverters.But the inverters lead PV to lose some of the characteristics of conventional power sources that are conducive to grid stability,such as reduced inertia,reactive power regulation capability,and fault ride-through capability.After introducing the power angle characteristics of a motor-generator pair(MGP)and reviewing MGP’s existing control methods and PV’s characteristics,this paper proposes a DC voltage feedback control method that can make MGP follow the fluctuations of a PV source.The proposal is studied experimentally,with the following results:(1)An MGP system can follow the power fluctuation of PV by using a DC voltage feedback control method.(2)Such feedback enables the PV to have a self-synchronization characteristic,which enables PV to actively contribute to the stability of the grid.展开更多
Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is one of the top ten global public health challenges.However,given the lack of a comprehensive assessment of worldwide AMR status,our objective is to develop a One Health-based...Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is one of the top ten global public health challenges.However,given the lack of a comprehensive assessment of worldwide AMR status,our objective is to develop a One Health-based system-wide evaluation tool on global AMR.Methods:We have further developed the three-hierarchical Global One Health Index(GOHI)-AMR indicator scheme,which consists of five key indicators,17 indicators,and 49 sub-indicators,by incorporating 146 countries'data from diverse authoritative databases,including WHO's Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System(GLASS)and the European CDC.We investigated the overall-or sub-rankings of GOHI-AMR at the international/regional/national levels for data preprocessing and score calculation utilizing the existing GOHI methodology.Additionally,a correlation analysis was conducted between the GOHI-AMR and other socioeconomic factors.Results:The average GOHI-AMR score for 146 countries is 38.45.As expected,high-income countries(HICs)outperform the other three income groups on overall rankings and all five key indicators of GOHI-AMR,whereas lowincome countries unexpectedly outperform upper-middle-income countries and lower-middle-income countries on the antibiotics-resistant key indicator(ARR)and ARR-subordinate indicators,including carbapenem-,β-lactam-,and quinolone resistance,and even HICs on aminoglycoside resistance.There were no significant differences among the four groups on the environmental-monitoring indicator(P>0.05).GOHI-AMR was positively correlated with gross domestic product,life expectancy,and AMR-related publications,but negatively with natural growth rate and chronic respiratory disease.In contrast to Cyprus,the remarkably lower prevalence of"ESKAPE pathogens"in high-scoring Sweden and Denmark highlights Europe's huge gaps.China and Russia outperformed the other three BRICS countries on all key indicators,particularly India's ARR and Brazil's AMR laboratory network and coordination capacity.Furthermore,significant internal disparitie展开更多
Apples often exhibit bitter pits in response to metabolic disorders during ripening and storage;however, the mechanisms underlying the bitter pit(BP) development remain unclear. Here, metabolome and transcriptome anal...Apples often exhibit bitter pits in response to metabolic disorders during ripening and storage;however, the mechanisms underlying the bitter pit(BP) development remain unclear. Here, metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed to investigate BP pulp of 'Fuji'. Two auxin-response genes, MdGH3.1 and MdSAUR36, were screened. Their expression as well as the auxin content in BP pulp were found to be higher than those in healthy pulp(P < 0.01). In the field, excess CO(NH2)2increased the incidence of BP. Moreover, the auxin content and MdGH3.1 expression increased in apples after nitrogen fertilization. On Day 30 before harvest, the two genes were transiently transferred to the fruit, and 20.69% and 23.21% of BP fruits were harvested. After 10 μmol·L-1auxin was infiltrated at low pressure into postharvest fruit, the increase in MdGH3.1 expression occurred earlier than that in MdSAUR36. MdGH3.1 increased the expression of MdSAUR36, but MdSAUR36 did not increase expression of MdGH3.1. Therefore, we suggest that MdGH3.1 acts upstream of MdSAUR36 during BP formation and that these genes induce BP formation by regulating auxin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.展开更多
Interorganelle contacts and communications are increasingly recognized to play a vital role in cellular function and homeostasis.In particular,the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum(ER)membrane contact site(MAM)is kn...Interorganelle contacts and communications are increasingly recognized to play a vital role in cellular function and homeostasis.In particular,the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum(ER)membrane contact site(MAM)is known to regulate ion and lipid transfer,as well as signaling and organelle dynamics.However,the regulatory mechanisms of MAM formation and their function are still elusive.Here,we identify mitochondrial Lon protease(LonP1),a highly conserved mitochondrial matrix protease,as a new MAM tethering protein.The removal of LonP1 substantially reduces MAM formation and causes mitochondrial fragmentation.Furthermore,deletion of LonP1 in the cardiomyocytes of mouse heart impairs MAM integrity and mitochondrial fusion and activates the unfolded protein response within the ER(UPR^(ER)).Consequently,cardiac-specific LonP1 deficiency causes aberrant metabolic reprogramming and pathological heart remodeling.These findings demonstrate that LonP1 is a novel MAM-localized protein orchestrating MAM integrity,mitochondrial dynamics,and UPR^(ER),offering exciting new insights into the potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development of Lunar Laser Ranging(LLR),covering key components such as ground observatories,lunar retro-reflectors,and data formats.The paper details the evolution ...This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development of Lunar Laser Ranging(LLR),covering key components such as ground observatories,lunar retro-reflectors,and data formats.The paper details the evolution of LLR experiments conducted by some major world-class observatories,with a particular focus on addressing critical issues associated with LLR technology.Additionally,the article highlights the latest advancements in the field,elucidating scientific achievements derived from LLR data,including its contributions to gravitational theory,Earth Orientation Parameters,lunar physics exploration,and lunar librations.The review summarizes new challenges in LLR modeling and concludes with prospects for the future development of LLR.展开更多
基金Important National Science & Technology Specific Projects of China, No.2007zx07211Fund from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China, No.0202043
文摘A total of 118 of agricultural soil and 43 of vegetable samples were collected from Dongguan City, Guangdong, China. The spatial distribution, sources, accumulation characteristics and potential risk of heavy metals in the agricultural soils and vegetables were depicted in details by three different approaches, including total contents of eight metal elements in soils and vegetables, GIS maps and multivariate analysis of heavy metals in soils in the study. The results show that there are higher accumulation of heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Hg in agricultural soils, and the contents of Pb （65.38 mg kg^-1） and Hg （0.24 mg kg^-1） are 1.82 and 2.82 times of the background contents of the corresponding heavy metals in soils of Guangdong Province, respectively. There are about 3.4% of Cu, 5.9% of Ni, 1.7% of Cd and 28% of Hg in all collected soil samples from all investigated sites which have overran the contents for heavy metals of the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soils （GB15618-1995, Grade Ⅱ）. The pollution characteristics of multi-metals in soils are mainly reflected by Hg. There are different sources to eight metal elements in soils, Cu, Zn, Ni Cr and As are predominantly derived from parent materials, and Pb, Hg and Cd are affected by anthropogenic activities. The spatial distribution shows that the Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, As and Hg contents of agricultural soils are high in the west and low in the east, and Cd contents are high in the northwest, southeast and low in the southwest in Dongguan. The ratios of vegetable samples which Ni, Pb and As concentrations higher than the Maximum Levels of Contaminants in Foods （GB2762-2005） are 4.7%, 16.3% and 48.8%, respectively. The order of bio-concentration factors （BCF） of heavy metals in vegetables is Cd 〉 Zn 〉 Cu 〉 As 〉 Ni 〉 Hg 〉 Cr 〉 Pb. It is necessary to focus on potential risk of heavy metals for food safety and human＇s health from agricultural soils and vegetables in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province.
基金the Tenth-Five Year Plan of Medical Science Foundation of Chengdu Military Command,No.01A009
文摘AIM: To explore the anti-fibrotic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group (n=-10), treatment group of compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (n=-40) and CCl4-induced model group (n=40). The liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 subcutaneous injection. Treatment group was administered with compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (0.5 g/kg) once a day at the same time. Then the activities of several serum fibrosis-associated enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG) and the levels ofserum procollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ), collagen Ⅳ (CⅣ), hyaluronic acid （HA） were assayed. The histooathol(mical chanaes were observed with HE, VG and Masson stain. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA,αl (I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX ) mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in situ.RESULTS: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor significantly reduced serum activities of ALT, AST, β-NAG and decreased the levels of PCⅢ, CⅣ, HA, improved the liver histopathological changes, inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, α(1) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA in rats. CONCLUSION: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor can intervene in CCI4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, in which potential mechanisms may be decreasing the production of TGF-β1, reducing the production of collagen, preventing the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and inhibiting theexpression of TGF-β1 mRNA, αl(I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0101900).
文摘High penetration rates of renewable energy will bring stability problems for the future power grid.One of the critical issues is lack of inertia.In this paper,a synchronous motor-generator pair(MGP)system is proposed as a possible solution for renewable energy integration to enhance inertia and improve grid stability.First,feasibility studies of MGP on inertia,damping,efficiency,and cost are presented.Second,an analytical model is established based on its rotor angle relation.An active power control scheme based on voltage phase difference between renewable energy source and grid is then proposed,and state equations of MGP are derived for small signal stability.Next,two experiments are designed and implemented to verify stable operation and active power regulation of the MGP system.A single-machine infinite bus system is tested to investigate small signal stability and frequency response of MGP.The results show that the MGP system has a solid base in physics and is a feasible solution for providing enough inertia and improving small signal performance in the power grid with high penetration of renewable energy.The paper concludes with a discussion on future research directions to gain a better understanding of MGP.
文摘AIM: To reduce the incidence of postoperative anastomoticleak, stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) for patientswith esophageal carcinoma, and to evaluate the conventionalmethod of esophagectomy and esophagogastroplastymodified by a new three-layer-funnel-shaped (TLF)esophagogastric anastomotic suturing technique.METHODS: From January 1997 to October 1999, patientswith clinical stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (Ⅱa and Ⅱb) esophagealcarcinoma, which met the enrollment criteria, were surgicallytreated by the new method (Group A) and by conventionaloperation (Group B). All the patients were followed at leastfor 6 months. Postoperative outcomes and complicationswere recorded and compared with the conventional methodin the same hospitals and with that reported previously byMcLarty etalin 1997 (Group C).RESULTS: 58 cases with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (Ⅱa and Ⅱb)esophageal carcinoma, including 38 males and 20 femalesaged from 34 to 78 (mean age: 57), were surgically treatedby the TLF anastomosis and 64 by conventional method inour hospitals from January 1997 to October 1999. The qualityof swallowing was improved significantly (Wilcoxon W＝2 142,P＝0.0 001) 2 to 3 months after the new operation in GroupA. Only one patient had a blind anastomatic fistula diagnosedby barium swallow test 2 months but healed up 3 weekslater. Postoperative complications occurred in 25 (43 %)patients, anastomotic stenosis in 8 (14 %), and GER in 13(22 %). The incidences of postoperative anastomotic leak,stenosis and GER were significantly decreased by the TLFanastomosis method compared with that of conventionalmethods (x2＝6.566, P ＝0.038; x2＝10.214, P＝ 0.006;x2＝21.265, P＝0.000).CONCLUSION: The new three-layer-funnel-shapedesophagogastric anastomosis (TLFEGA) hasmore advantagesto reduce postoperative complications of anastomotic leak,stricture and GER.
文摘By making use of the advantages of non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） curves to represent spatial curves, an instruction format with double NURBS curves suitable for 5-axis coordinated real-time interpolation is presented to replace the current 5-axis coordinated linear interpolation method defective in low-speed, low-accuracy and enormous numerical control （NC） files in sculptured surface machining. A generation procedure of the NC files with the presented format is introduced and the method to realize the interpolation in an open computer numerical control （CNC） system is developed by ourselves. These illustrated the feasibility of the proposed method and its capability of avoiding all the shortages of 5-axis linear interpolation method.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972362,32001993)the Project of the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020QC143)the Breeding Plan of the Shandong Provincial Qingchuang Research Team(2019).
文摘Color is an important trait for horticultural crops.Carotenoids are one of the main pigments for coloration and have important implications for photosynthesis in plants and benefits for human health.Here,we identified an APETALA2(AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR(ERF)transcription factor named MdAP2-34 in apple(Malus domestica Borkh.).MdAP2-34 expression exhibited a close correlation with carotenoid content in‘Benin Shogun’and‘Yanfu 3’fruit flesh.MdAP2-34 promotes carotenoid accumulation in MdAP2-34-OVX transgenic apple calli and fruits by participating in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.The major carotenoid contents of phytoene andβ-carotene were much higher in overexpressing MdAP2-34 transgenic calli and fruit skin,yet the predominant compound of lutein showed no obvious difference,indicating that MdAP2-34 regulates phytoene andβ-carotene accumulation but not lutein.MdPSY2-1(phytoene synthase 2)is a major gene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in apple fruit,and the MdPSY2-1 gene is directly bound and transcriptionally activated by MdAP2-34.In addition,overexpressing MdPSY2-1 in apple calli mainly increases phytoene and total carotenoid contents.Our findings will advance and extend our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in apple,and this research is valuable for accelerating the apple breeding process.
基金supported by the Project of "Investigation on Agricultural Geology & Eco-Geochemistry" (No.121201511216)the Ministry of Land & Resources,China
文摘Soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang,China were analyzed for 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） with harmonized sampling,sample extraction and analysis quantification methods.The concentrations and sources of PAHs in soil samples of the two cities were compared.Almost all of the PAH components were detectable in 103 soil samples.The concentrations of ∑ PAHs ranged from 35.40 to 534.5 μg/kg in soil samples from Huizhou,and ranged from 9.50 to 6618.00 μg/kg in samples from Zhanjiang.Evident differences of concentrations,compositions and sources of PAHs in soils were observed between the two cities.The average concentrations of individual component and the sum of a group of PAHs in soil samples from Zhanjiang were significantly higher than those in Huizhou （P 0.05）.Phe,Flu,Pyr,Bbf and Baa were the dominant PAH components both in soil samples from Huizhou and Zhanjiang.Except for these five components,Bap,I1p,Daa and Bgp were also the dominant PAH components in soil samples from Zhanjiang.Coal combustion and liquid fossil fuel combustion were the same sources of PAHs in the two cities with different contributions,and petroleum played a key role in PAHs release in Zhanjiang.
文摘5-axis machine tool plays an important role in high-speed and high-precision computer numerical control （CNC） machining of workpieces with complex shapes. A non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） interpolation format for 5-axis machining is pro- posed to adapt to the high speed machining （HSM）. With this interpolation format, angles between orientation vectors are chosen as parameters of orientation B-spline constructed by an open controller to achieve reasonable orientation vectors in real-time interpolation process. Coordinated motion between linear axes and rotary axes is achieved by building a polynomial spline which relates interpolation arc lengths of position spline to angles of orientation spline. Algorithm routine of this interpolation format and its realization methods in the supported controller are discussed in detail. Finally, performance of the proposed NURBS in- terpolation format is demonstrated by a practical example.
文摘To investigate the significance of the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) antibody,detected by ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) for the SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates,in non-SARS subjects, 114 serum samples from healthy controls and 104 serum specimens from autoimmune disease patients were collected.The results of ELISA showed that among 114 sera from healthy controls,4 (3.5%) were positive of SARS-CoV-IgG antibody and 114 (100%) were all negative of SARS-CoV-IgM antibody;the specificity of SARS-CoV-IgG antibody for SARS patients was 96.5%,but the specificity of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies for SARS patients was 100%.In 58 cases with SLE,positive rates of SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies were 32.8% (19/58) and 8.6% (5/58),respectively,in which 11 cases (19%) were positive of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies;in 10 cases with SS,positive rate of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies was 10% (1/10);in 16 cases with MCTD,positive rate of SARS-CoV-IgG was 37.5% (6/16),positive rate of both SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies was 6.3% (1/16);in 20 cases with RA,one case was positive (5%) of SARS-CoV-IgG.However,of all samples with positive SARS-CoV-IgG and -IgM antibodies for autoimmune diseases and healthy controls,SARS-CoV RNA and antibodies were all negative by RT-PCR and IFA.All sera for negative or positive ELISA results were also negative or positive results using ELISA with Vero E6 cells lysates.These studies showed that SARS-CoV Vero E6 cell lysates for the ELISA to detect SARS-CoV antibodies could lead to the false-positive reactions or cross-reactions of SARS-CoV antibodies in non-SARS diseases and healthy controls,and the false-positive reactions or cross-reactions were related to Vero E6 cell lysates and autoantibodies in non-SARS population.Cellular & Molecular Immunology.2004;1(4): 304-307.
文摘The problem of efficiently monitoring the network flow is regarded as the problem to find out the minimum weighted weak vertex cover set for a given graphG=(V,E). In this paper, we give an approximation algorithm to solve it, which has the approximation ratio lnd+1, whered is the maximum degree of the vertex in graphG, and improve the previous work. Keywords weak vertex cover - NP-hard - approximation algorithm NoteThis work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No.2001CCA03000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60273045), and the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation (Grant No.025115032).
基金supported by China Medical Board[No.20–365]Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation[No.INV-046218]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[No.72204160].
文摘Background:In the 21st century,as globalization accelerates and global public health crises occur,the One Health approach,guided by the holistic thinking of human-animal-environment and emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration to address global health issues,has been strongly advocated by the international community.An immediate requirement exists for the creation of an assessment tool to foster One Health initiatives on both global and national scales.Methods:Built upon extensive expert consultations and dialogues,this follow-up study enhances the 2022 global One Health index(GOHI)indicator system.The GOHI framework is enriched by covering three indices,e.g.external drivers index(EDI),intrinsic drivers index(IDI),and core drivers index(CDI).The comprehensive indicator system incorporates 13 key indicators,50 indicators,and 170 sub I-indicators,utilizing a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to ascertain the weight for each indicator.Weighted and summed,the EDI,IDI,and CDI scores contribute to the computation of the overall GOHI 2022 score.By comparing the ranking and the overall scores among the seven regions and across 160 countries/territories,we have not only derived an overall profile of the GOHI 2022 scores,but also assessed the GOHI framework.We also compared rankings of indicators and sub Iindicators to provide greater clarity on the strengths and weaknesses of each region within the One Health domains.Results:The GOHI 2022 performance reveals significant disparities between countries/territories ranged from 39.03 to 70.61.The global average score of the GOHI 2022 is 54.82.The average score for EDI,IDI,and CDI are 46.57,58.01,and 57.25,respectively.In terms of global rankings,countries from North America,Europe and Central Asia,East Asia and Pacific present higher scores.In terms of One Health domains of CDI,the lowest scores are observed in antimicrobial resistance(median:43.09),followed by food security(median:53.78),governance(median:54.77),climate change(median:64.12)and zoonotic diseases(median:69.23
文摘Background: Brucellosis poses a serious threat to human and animal health,particularly in developing countries such as China.The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is one of the most severely brucellosis-endemic provinces in China.Currently,the host immune responses functioning to control Brucella infection and development remain poorly understood.The aim of this study is to further clarify the key immunity characteristics of diverse stages of brucellosis in Inner Mongolia.Methods: We collected a total of 733 blood samples from acute(n=137),chronic(n=316),inapparent(n=35),recovery(n=99),and healthy(n=146)groups from the rural community of Inner Mongolia between 2014 and 2015.The proportions of CD4^(+),CD8^(+),Th1,Th2,and Th17 T cells in peripheral blood and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in lymphocytes,monocytes and granulocytes were examined using flow cytometry analysis.The differences among the five groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis method,respectively.Results: Our results revealed that the proportions of CD4^(+) and CD8^(+) T cells were significantly different among the acute,chronic,recovery,and healthy control groups(P<0.05),with lower proportions of CD4^(+) T cells and a higher proportion of CD8^(+) T cells in the acute,chronic,and recovery groups.The proportion of Th1 cells in the acute,chronic,and inapparent groups was higher than that in the healthy and recovery groups;however,there was no significant difference between patients and healthy individuals(P>0.05).The proportion of Th2 lymphocytes was significantly higher in the acute and healthy groups than in the inapparent group(P<0.05).The proportion of Th17 cells in the acute group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control,chronic,and inapparent groups(P<0.05).Finally,the highest expression of TLR4 in lymphocytes,monocytes and granulocytes was observed in the recovery group,and this was followed by the acute,chronic,healthy control,and inapparent groups.There was a significant difference between the recove
基金This project is supported by Provincial Science & Technology Projoct of Heilongjiang, China (No. GB05A501).
文摘Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical control （HITCNC）, is researched and manufactured based on the interface standards. The system＇s external interfaces are coincident with the corresponding international standards, and the internal interfaces follow the open modular architecture controller （OMAC） agreement. In the research and manufacturing process, object-oriented technology is used to ensure the openness of the HITCNC, and static programming is applied in the CNC system according to the idea of modularization disassembly. The HITCNC also actualizes real-time and unreal-time modules adopting real-time dynamical linked library （RTDLL） and component object model （COM）. Finite state ma- chine （FSM） is adopted to do dynamically modeling of HITCNC. The complete separation between the software and the hardware is achieved in the HITCNC by applying the SoftSERCANS technique. The application of the above key techniques decreases the programming workload greatly, and uses software programs replacing hardware functions, which offers plenty technique ensures for the openness of HITCNC. Finally, based on the HITCNC, a three-dimensional milling system is established. On the system, series experiments are done to validate the expandability and interchangeability of HITCNC. The results of the experiments show that the established open architecture CNC system HITCNC is correct and feasible, and has good openness.
基金supported by International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong Subregion(grant number 21410750200)from Shanghai Municipality Government.
文摘Background:Tuberculosis(TB),caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,remains the second leading cause of death from a single infectious disease globally and poses a significant economic and clinical burden in the world in 2022.Of particular concern is the emergence of drug-resistant TB,accounting for 15%-20%of TB deaths.It is imperative to delve into the global trends of incidence and death rate for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDRTB)and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis(XDR-TB),drawing upon the comprehensive Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 drug-resistant tuberculosis dataset.Methods:From the GBD 2021,data on incidence,prevalence,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),and death of MDR-TB and XDR-TB from 1990 to 2021 were collected.We calculated the estimated annual percentage changes in age standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and age-standardized death rate(ASDR),segmented by age,sex,and socio-demographic index(SDI).The impacts of various risk factors on MDR-TB and XDR-TB were also analyzed.Results:In 2021,there were an estimated 443,680(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:259,196-766,545)incident cases of MDR-TB,and an estimated 106,818(95%UI:41,612-211,854)death cases of MDR-TB,while there were an estimated 24,036(95%UI:17,144-34,587)incident cases of XDR-TB and 7,946(95%UI:3,326-14,859)death cases of XDR-TB.The incidence and death cases of MDR-TB were lowest in high SDI regions,whereas the incidence rates of XDR-TB in high-middle SDI regions were higher than those in middle SDI and high SDI regions.Conclusion:This study reported the disease burden of drug-resistant TB from 1990 to 2021.Until 2021,drugresistant TB is still a serious problem in low SDI countries,especially for high-risk age populations with highrisk factors.Controlling drug-resistant TB requires effective control strategies and healthcare systems.
文摘Based on data of trade, foreign directinvestment (FDI), economic development andenvironmental conditions in China’s 30 provincesbetween 1990-2002, this paper deals with the impacton Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) of tradeand FDI in China. The results show no direct impacton EKC of trade, on the one hand. However, tradecontributes significantly to economic growth, andhas played a positive role in introducing advancedpollution prevention technology and environmentalmanagement methodology to China. Therefore, aproactive trade policy will help solve the environmentalpollution problem brought by economic growth. Onthe other hand, there is a positive correlation betweenFDI and pollutant emission, which proves that FDIdoes have some negative influence on environmentin China due to hasty introduction of foreign capitaland inadequate environmental management systemin China.
基金supported in part by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China:Researches on the generation control system and operation strategies of the power grid with a super high proportion of new energy generations。
文摘Photovoltaic power(PV)is integrated into the grid through power inverters.But the inverters lead PV to lose some of the characteristics of conventional power sources that are conducive to grid stability,such as reduced inertia,reactive power regulation capability,and fault ride-through capability.After introducing the power angle characteristics of a motor-generator pair(MGP)and reviewing MGP’s existing control methods and PV’s characteristics,this paper proposes a DC voltage feedback control method that can make MGP follow the fluctuations of a PV source.The proposal is studied experimentally,with the following results:(1)An MGP system can follow the power fluctuation of PV by using a DC voltage feedback control method.(2)Such feedback enables the PV to have a self-synchronization characteristic,which enables PV to actively contribute to the stability of the grid.
文摘Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is one of the top ten global public health challenges.However,given the lack of a comprehensive assessment of worldwide AMR status,our objective is to develop a One Health-based system-wide evaluation tool on global AMR.Methods:We have further developed the three-hierarchical Global One Health Index(GOHI)-AMR indicator scheme,which consists of five key indicators,17 indicators,and 49 sub-indicators,by incorporating 146 countries'data from diverse authoritative databases,including WHO's Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System(GLASS)and the European CDC.We investigated the overall-or sub-rankings of GOHI-AMR at the international/regional/national levels for data preprocessing and score calculation utilizing the existing GOHI methodology.Additionally,a correlation analysis was conducted between the GOHI-AMR and other socioeconomic factors.Results:The average GOHI-AMR score for 146 countries is 38.45.As expected,high-income countries(HICs)outperform the other three income groups on overall rankings and all five key indicators of GOHI-AMR,whereas lowincome countries unexpectedly outperform upper-middle-income countries and lower-middle-income countries on the antibiotics-resistant key indicator(ARR)and ARR-subordinate indicators,including carbapenem-,β-lactam-,and quinolone resistance,and even HICs on aminoglycoside resistance.There were no significant differences among the four groups on the environmental-monitoring indicator(P>0.05).GOHI-AMR was positively correlated with gross domestic product,life expectancy,and AMR-related publications,but negatively with natural growth rate and chronic respiratory disease.In contrast to Cyprus,the remarkably lower prevalence of"ESKAPE pathogens"in high-scoring Sweden and Denmark highlights Europe's huge gaps.China and Russia outperformed the other three BRICS countries on all key indicators,particularly India's ARR and Brazil's AMR laboratory network and coordination capacity.Furthermore,significant internal disparitie
基金the Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province(Grant No.2019LZGC007)Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.tstp20221134)China Agriculture Research System Foundation(Grant No.CARS-27).
文摘Apples often exhibit bitter pits in response to metabolic disorders during ripening and storage;however, the mechanisms underlying the bitter pit(BP) development remain unclear. Here, metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed to investigate BP pulp of 'Fuji'. Two auxin-response genes, MdGH3.1 and MdSAUR36, were screened. Their expression as well as the auxin content in BP pulp were found to be higher than those in healthy pulp(P < 0.01). In the field, excess CO(NH2)2increased the incidence of BP. Moreover, the auxin content and MdGH3.1 expression increased in apples after nitrogen fertilization. On Day 30 before harvest, the two genes were transiently transferred to the fruit, and 20.69% and 23.21% of BP fruits were harvested. After 10 μmol·L-1auxin was infiltrated at low pressure into postharvest fruit, the increase in MdGH3.1 expression occurred earlier than that in MdSAUR36. MdGH3.1 increased the expression of MdSAUR36, but MdSAUR36 did not increase expression of MdGH3.1. Therefore, we suggest that MdGH3.1 acts upstream of MdSAUR36 during BP formation and that these genes induce BP formation by regulating auxin and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
基金grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(91954101,31771534,31570772,and 31070710 to B.L.and 81774022 to L.J.)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2013CB531702 to B.L.and 2013CB531704 to G.Y.)the Scientific Research Foundation of University of South China(211RJC002 to B.L.).
文摘Interorganelle contacts and communications are increasingly recognized to play a vital role in cellular function and homeostasis.In particular,the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum(ER)membrane contact site(MAM)is known to regulate ion and lipid transfer,as well as signaling and organelle dynamics.However,the regulatory mechanisms of MAM formation and their function are still elusive.Here,we identify mitochondrial Lon protease(LonP1),a highly conserved mitochondrial matrix protease,as a new MAM tethering protein.The removal of LonP1 substantially reduces MAM formation and causes mitochondrial fragmentation.Furthermore,deletion of LonP1 in the cardiomyocytes of mouse heart impairs MAM integrity and mitochondrial fusion and activates the unfolded protein response within the ER(UPR^(ER)).Consequently,cardiac-specific LonP1 deficiency causes aberrant metabolic reprogramming and pathological heart remodeling.These findings demonstrate that LonP1 is a novel MAM-localized protein orchestrating MAM integrity,mitochondrial dynamics,and UPR^(ER),offering exciting new insights into the potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0715101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12033009, 12103087)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA0350300)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (020GJHZ2022034FN)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (202201AU070225, 202301AT070328, 202401AT070141)the Young Talent Project of Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Programsupported by ESA (European Space Agency) under the ESA-INFN contract n. 4000133721/21/NL/CR and by ASI (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana) under the Research Agreement n. 2019-15-HH.0
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the development of Lunar Laser Ranging(LLR),covering key components such as ground observatories,lunar retro-reflectors,and data formats.The paper details the evolution of LLR experiments conducted by some major world-class observatories,with a particular focus on addressing critical issues associated with LLR technology.Additionally,the article highlights the latest advancements in the field,elucidating scientific achievements derived from LLR data,including its contributions to gravitational theory,Earth Orientation Parameters,lunar physics exploration,and lunar librations.The review summarizes new challenges in LLR modeling and concludes with prospects for the future development of LLR.
