Hydrogen is widely regarded as a sustainable energy carrier with tremendous potential for low-carbon energy transition.Solar photovoltaic-driven water electrolysis(PV-E)is a clean and sustainable approach of hydrogen ...Hydrogen is widely regarded as a sustainable energy carrier with tremendous potential for low-carbon energy transition.Solar photovoltaic-driven water electrolysis(PV-E)is a clean and sustainable approach of hydrogen production,but with major barriers of high hydrogen production costs and limited capacity.Steam methane reforming(SMR),the state-of-the-art means of hydrogen production,has yet to overcome key obstacles of high reaction temperature and CO_(2)emission for sustainability.This work proposes a solar thermo-electrochemical SMR approach,in which solar-driven mid/low-temperature SMR is combined with electrochemical H_(2)separation and in-situ CO_(2)capture.The feasibility of this method is verified experimentally,achieving an average methane conversion of 96.8%at a dramatically reduced reforming temperature of 400-500℃.The underlying mechanisms of this method are revealed by an experimentally calibrated model,which is further employed to predict its performance for thermoelectrochemical hydrogen production.Simulation results show that a net solar-to-H_(2)efficiency of26.25%could be obtained at 500℃,which is over 11 percentage points higher than that of PV-E;the first-law thermodynamic efficiency reaches up to 63.27%correspondingly.The enhanced efficiency also leads to decreased fuel consumption and lower CO_(2)emission of the proposed solar-driven SMR system.Such complementary conversion of solar PV electricity,solar thermal energy,and low-carbon fuel provides a synergistic and efficient means of sustainable H_(2)production with potentially long-term solar energy storage on a vast scale.展开更多
Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),like many other additive manufacturing techniques,offers flexibility in design expected to become a disruption to the manufacturing industry.The current cost of LPBF process does not favo...Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),like many other additive manufacturing techniques,offers flexibility in design expected to become a disruption to the manufacturing industry.The current cost of LPBF process does not favor a try-anderror way of research,which makes modelling and simulation a field of superior importance in that area of engineering.In this work,various methods used to overcome challenges in modeling at different levels of approximation of LPBF process are reviewed.Recent efforts made towards a reliable and computationally effective model to simulate LPBF process using finite element(FE)codes are presented.A combination of ray-tracing technique,the solution of the radiation transfer equation and absorption measurements has been used to establish an analytical equation,which gives a more accurate approximation of laser energy deposition in powder-substrate configuration.When this new analytical energy deposition model is used in in FE simulation,with other physics carefully set,it enables us to get reliable cooling curves and melt track morphology that agree well with experimental observations.The use of more computationally effective approximation,without explicit topological changes,allows to simulate wider geometries and longer scanning time leading to many applications in real engineering world.Different applications are herein presented including:prediction of printing quality through the simulated overlapping of consecutive melt tracks,simulation of LPBF of a mixture of materials and estimation of martensite inclusion in printed steel.展开更多
为制备牛支原体表面脂蛋白P48的单克隆抗体,应用纯化的牛支原体武威株脂蛋白P48基因的原核表达产物免疫BALB/c小鼠,继而取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,经克隆和筛选,获得2株能分泌抗牛支原体脂蛋白P48抗体的杂交瘤细胞...为制备牛支原体表面脂蛋白P48的单克隆抗体,应用纯化的牛支原体武威株脂蛋白P48基因的原核表达产物免疫BALB/c小鼠,继而取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,经克隆和筛选,获得2株能分泌抗牛支原体脂蛋白P48抗体的杂交瘤细胞融合株,并分别命名为C7及E5。ELISA和W estern-blot检测结果表明,2株单克隆抗体均可与牛支原体特异性地结合,而与牛的其他常见病原菌无任何反应。亚类鉴定结果表明,2株单克隆抗体重链均为Ig G 1,轻链均为λ型。稳定性试验结果表明,2株杂交瘤细胞均可稳定分泌单克隆抗体。本研究结果为建立牛支原体有效的检测方法和深入研究脂蛋白P48的生物学功能奠定了基础。展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Science Center Program for Ordered Energy Conversion of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51888103)the Joint Research Center for Multi-energy Complementation and Conversion between the University of Science and Technology of China and the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Hydrogen is widely regarded as a sustainable energy carrier with tremendous potential for low-carbon energy transition.Solar photovoltaic-driven water electrolysis(PV-E)is a clean and sustainable approach of hydrogen production,but with major barriers of high hydrogen production costs and limited capacity.Steam methane reforming(SMR),the state-of-the-art means of hydrogen production,has yet to overcome key obstacles of high reaction temperature and CO_(2)emission for sustainability.This work proposes a solar thermo-electrochemical SMR approach,in which solar-driven mid/low-temperature SMR is combined with electrochemical H_(2)separation and in-situ CO_(2)capture.The feasibility of this method is verified experimentally,achieving an average methane conversion of 96.8%at a dramatically reduced reforming temperature of 400-500℃.The underlying mechanisms of this method are revealed by an experimentally calibrated model,which is further employed to predict its performance for thermoelectrochemical hydrogen production.Simulation results show that a net solar-to-H_(2)efficiency of26.25%could be obtained at 500℃,which is over 11 percentage points higher than that of PV-E;the first-law thermodynamic efficiency reaches up to 63.27%correspondingly.The enhanced efficiency also leads to decreased fuel consumption and lower CO_(2)emission of the proposed solar-driven SMR system.Such complementary conversion of solar PV electricity,solar thermal energy,and low-carbon fuel provides a synergistic and efficient means of sustainable H_(2)production with potentially long-term solar energy storage on a vast scale.
基金Project supported by Singapore Maritime Institute and the Advanced Material&Manufacturing R&D Program(Grant Nos.SMI-2016-OF-04 and R261502032592)。
文摘Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),like many other additive manufacturing techniques,offers flexibility in design expected to become a disruption to the manufacturing industry.The current cost of LPBF process does not favor a try-anderror way of research,which makes modelling and simulation a field of superior importance in that area of engineering.In this work,various methods used to overcome challenges in modeling at different levels of approximation of LPBF process are reviewed.Recent efforts made towards a reliable and computationally effective model to simulate LPBF process using finite element(FE)codes are presented.A combination of ray-tracing technique,the solution of the radiation transfer equation and absorption measurements has been used to establish an analytical equation,which gives a more accurate approximation of laser energy deposition in powder-substrate configuration.When this new analytical energy deposition model is used in in FE simulation,with other physics carefully set,it enables us to get reliable cooling curves and melt track morphology that agree well with experimental observations.The use of more computationally effective approximation,without explicit topological changes,allows to simulate wider geometries and longer scanning time leading to many applications in real engineering world.Different applications are herein presented including:prediction of printing quality through the simulated overlapping of consecutive melt tracks,simulation of LPBF of a mixture of materials and estimation of martensite inclusion in printed steel.
文摘为制备牛支原体表面脂蛋白P48的单克隆抗体,应用纯化的牛支原体武威株脂蛋白P48基因的原核表达产物免疫BALB/c小鼠,继而取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,经克隆和筛选,获得2株能分泌抗牛支原体脂蛋白P48抗体的杂交瘤细胞融合株,并分别命名为C7及E5。ELISA和W estern-blot检测结果表明,2株单克隆抗体均可与牛支原体特异性地结合,而与牛的其他常见病原菌无任何反应。亚类鉴定结果表明,2株单克隆抗体重链均为Ig G 1,轻链均为λ型。稳定性试验结果表明,2株杂交瘤细胞均可稳定分泌单克隆抗体。本研究结果为建立牛支原体有效的检测方法和深入研究脂蛋白P48的生物学功能奠定了基础。
