Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce plant growth,productivity and quality.Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these environmental challenges,transmit th...Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce plant growth,productivity and quality.Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these environmental challenges,transmit the stress signals within cells as well as between cells and tissues,and make appropriate adjustments in their growth and development in order to survive and reproduce.In recent years,significant progress has been made on many fronts of the stress signaling research,particularly in understanding the downstream signaling events that culminate at the activation of stress-and nutrient limitation-responsive genes,cellular ion homeostasis,and growth adjustment.However,the revelation of the early events of stress signaling,particularly the identification of primary stress sensors,still lags behind.In this review,we summarize recent work on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant abiotic stress and nutrient limitation sensing and signaling and discuss new directions for future studies.展开更多
Temperature is a key factor governing the growth and development,distribution,and seasonal behavior of plants.The entireplant life cycle is affected by environmental temperatures.Plants grow rapidly and exhibit specif...Temperature is a key factor governing the growth and development,distribution,and seasonal behavior of plants.The entireplant life cycle is affected by environmental temperatures.Plants grow rapidly and exhibit specific changes in morphology under mild average temperature conditions,a response termed thermomorphogenesis.When exposed to chilling or moist chilling low temperatures,flowering or seed germination is accelerated in some plant species;these processes are known as vernalization and cold stratification,respectively.Interestingly,once many temperate plants are exposed to chilling temperatures for some time,they can acquire the ability to resist freezing stress,a process termed cold acclimation.In the face of global climate change,heat stress has emerged as a frequent challenge,which adversely affects plant growth and development.In this review,we summarize and discuss recent progress in dissecting them olecular mechanism sregulating plant thermomorphogenesis,vernalization,and responses to extreme temperatures.We also discuss the remaining issues that are crucial for understanding the interactions between plants and temperature.展开更多
Cold temperatures, a major abiotic stress, threaten the growth and development of plants, worldwide. To cope with this adverse environmental cue, plants from temperate climates have evolved an array of sophisticated m...Cold temperatures, a major abiotic stress, threaten the growth and development of plants, worldwide. To cope with this adverse environmental cue, plants from temperate climates have evolved an array of sophisticated mechanisms to acclimate to cold periods, increasing their ability to tolerate freezing stress. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in determining the molecular mechanisms underpinning cold acclimation, including following the identification of several pivotal components, including candidates for cold sensors, protein kinases, and transcription factors. With these developments, we have a better understanding of the CBF-dependent cold-signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in elucidating the cold-signaling pathways, especially the C-repeat binding factor-dependent pathway, and describe the regulatory function of the crucial components of plant cold signaling. We also discuss the unsolved questions that should be the focus of future work.展开更多
Cold stress is a major environmental factor that adversely affects plant growth and development. The C-repeat binding factor/DRE binding factor 1 （CBF/DREB1） transcriptional regulatory cascade has been shown to play...Cold stress is a major environmental factor that adversely affects plant growth and development. The C-repeat binding factor/DRE binding factor 1 （CBF/DREB1） transcriptional regulatory cascade has been shown to play important roles in plant response to cold. Here we demonstrate that two key components of brassinosteroid （BR） signaling modulate freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis plants. The loss-of-function mutant of the GSK3-1ike kinases involved in BR signaling, bin2-3 bill bil2, showed increased freezing tolerance, whereas overexpression of BIN2 resulted in hypersensitivity to freezing stress under both non-acclimated and acclimated conditions. By contrast, gain-of-function mutants of the transcription factors BZR1 and BES1 displayed enhanced freezing tolerance, and consistently cold treatment could induce the accumulation of dephosphorylated BZR1. Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that BZR1 acts upstream of CBF1 and CBF2 to directly regulate their expression. Moreover, we found that BZR1 also regulated other COR genes uncoupled with CBFs, such as WKRY6, PYL6, SOCl, JMT, and SAG21, to modulate plant response to cold stress. Consistently, wrky6 mutants showed decreased freezing tolerance. Taken together, our results indicate that BZR1 positively modulates plant freezing tolerance through CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways.展开更多
Growth inhibition and cold-acclimation strategies help plants withstand cold stress,which adversely affects growth and survival.PHYTOCHROME B(phyB)regulates plant growth through perceiving both light and ambient tempe...Growth inhibition and cold-acclimation strategies help plants withstand cold stress,which adversely affects growth and survival.PHYTOCHROME B(phyB)regulates plant growth through perceiving both light and ambient temperature signals.However,the mechanism by which phyB mediates the plant response to cold stress remains elusive.Here,we show that the key transcription factors mediating cold acclimation,C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORs(CBFs),interact with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3(PIF3)under cold stress,thus attenuating the mutually assured destruction of PIF3–phyB.Cold-stabilized phyB acts downstream of CBFs to positively regulate freezing tolerance by modulating the expression of stress-responsive and growth-related genes.Consistent with this,phyB mutants exhibited a freezing-sensitive phenotype,whereas phyB-overexpression transgenic plants displayed enhanced freezing tolerance.Further analysis showed that the PIF1,PIF4,and PIF5 proteins,all of which negatively regulate plant freezing tolerance,were destabilized by cold stress in a phytochrome-dependent manner.Collectively,our study reveals that CBFs–PIF3–phyB serves as an important regulatory module for modulating plant response to cold stress.展开更多
The quantitative effect of climate change on fragile regions has been a hot topic in the field of responses to climate change. Previous studies have qualitatively documented the impacts of climate change on boundary s...The quantitative effect of climate change on fragile regions has been a hot topic in the field of responses to climate change. Previous studies have qualitatively documented the impacts of climate change on boundary shifts in the farming-pastoral ecotone （FPE）; however, the quantitative methods for detecting climate contributions remain relatively limited. Based on long-term data of meteorological stations and interpretations of land use since 1970, climate and land use boundaries of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s were delineated. To detect climate contributions to the FPE boundary shifts, we developed two quantitative methods to explore the spatial-temporal pattern of climate and land use boundary at the east-west （or south-north） （FishNet method） and transect directions （Digital Shoreline Analysis System, DSAS method）. The results indicated that significant differences were exhibited in climate boundaries, land use boundaries, as well as climate contributions in different regions during different periods. The northwest FPE had smaller variations, while the northeast FPE had greater shifts. In the northwest part of the southeast fringe of the Greater Hinggan Mountains and the Inner Mongolian Plateau, the shifts of climate boundaries were significantly related to the land use boundaries. The climate contributions at an east-west direction ranged from 10.7% to 44.4%, and those at a south-north direction varied from 4.7% to 55.9%. The majority of the results from the DSAS were consistent with those from the FishNet. The DSAS method is more accurate and suitable for precise detection at a small scale, whereas the FishNet method is simple to conduct statistical analysis rapidly and directly at a large scale. Our research will be helpful to adapt to climate change, to develop the productive potential, as well as to protect the environment of the FPE in northern China.展开更多
Background:N-acetyltransferase 10(NAT10)is the only enzyme known tomediate the N4-acetylcytidine(ac4C)modification of mRNA and is crucial formRNA stability and translation efficiency.However,its role in cancer develop...Background:N-acetyltransferase 10(NAT10)is the only enzyme known tomediate the N4-acetylcytidine(ac4C)modification of mRNA and is crucial formRNA stability and translation efficiency.However,its role in cancer development and prognosis has not yet been explored.This study aimed to examine the possible role of NAT10 in colon cancer.Methods:The expression levels ofNAT10were evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses with a colon cancer tissue microarray,and its prognostic value in patients was further analyzed.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blotting were performed to analyze NAT10 expression in harvested colon cancer tissues and cell lines.Stable NAT10-knockdown and NAT10-overexpressing colon cancer cell lines were constructed using lentivirus.The biological functions of NAT10 in colon cancer cell lines were analyzed in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),wound healing,Transwell,cell cycle,and ferroptosis assays.Xenograft models were used to analyze the effect of NAT10 on the tumorigenesis and metastasis of colon cancer cells in vivo.Dot blotting,acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR,and RNA stability analyses were performed to explore the mechanism by which NAT10 functions in colon cancer progression.Results:NAT10 was upregulated in colon cancer tissues and various colon cancer cell lines.This increased NAT10 expression was associated with shorter patient survival.Knockdown of NAT10 in two colon cancer cell lines(HT-29 and LoVo)impaired the proliferation,migration,invasion,tumor formation and metastasis of these cells,whereas overexpression of NAT10 promoted these abilities.Further analysis revealed that NAT10 exerted a strong effect on the mRNA stability and expression of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1(FSP1)in HT-29 and LoVo cells.In these cells,FSP1 mRNA was found to be modified by ac4C acetylation,and this epigenetic modification was associated with the inhibition of ferroptosis.Conclusions:Our study revealed that NAT10 plays a critical role in colon cancer development b展开更多
As two of the most important environmental factors,light and temperature regulate almost all aspects of plant growth and development.Under natural conditions,light is accompanied by warm temperatures and darkness by c...As two of the most important environmental factors,light and temperature regulate almost all aspects of plant growth and development.Under natural conditions,light is accompanied by warm temperatures and darkness by cooler temperatures,suggesting that light and temperature are tightly associated signals for plants.Indeed,accumulating evidence shows that plants have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to simultaneously perceive and respond to dynamic changes in light and temperature.Notably,the photoreceptor phytochrome B(phy B)was recently shown to function as a thermosensor,thus reinforcing the notion that light and temperature signaling pathways are tightly associated in plants.In this review,we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms integrating light and temperature signaling pathways in plants,with the emphasis on recent progress in temperature sensing,light control of plant freezing tolerance,and thermomorphogenesis.We also discuss the questions that are crucial for a further understanding of the interactions between light and temperature signaling pathways in plants.展开更多
Cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana triggers a significant transcriptional reprogramming altering the expression patterns of thousands of cold-responsive(COR) genes. Essential to this process is the C-repeat bind...Cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana triggers a significant transcriptional reprogramming altering the expression patterns of thousands of cold-responsive(COR) genes. Essential to this process is the C-repeat binding factor(CBF)-dependent pathway, involving the activity of AP2/ERF(APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor)-type CBF transcription factors required for plant cold acclimation. In this study, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation assays followed by deep sequencing(ChIP-seq) to determine the genomewide binding sites of the CBF transcription factors. Cold-induced CBF proteins specifically bind to the conserved C-repeat(CRT)/dehydrationresponsive elements(CRT/DRE;G/ACCGAC) of their target genes. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 1,012 genes are targeted by all three CBFs. Combined with a transcriptional analysis of the cbf1,2,3 triple mutant, we define 146 CBF regulons as direct CBF targets. In addition, the CBF-target genes are significantly enriched in functions associated with hormone, light,and circadian rhythm signaling, suggesting that the CBFs act as key integrators of endogenous and external environmental cues. Our findings not only define the genome-wide binding patterns of the CBFs during the early cold response, but also provide insights into the role of the CBFs in regulating multiple biological processes of plants.展开更多
Global climate change exacerbates the effects of environmental stressors,such as drought,flooding,extreme temperatures,salinity,and alkalinity,on crop growth and grain yield,threatening the sustainability of the food ...Global climate change exacerbates the effects of environmental stressors,such as drought,flooding,extreme temperatures,salinity,and alkalinity,on crop growth and grain yield,threatening the sustainability of the food supply.Maize(Zea mays)is one of the most widely cultivated crops and the most abundant grain crop in production worldwide.However,the stability of maize yield is highly dependent on environmental conditions.Recently,great progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying maize responses to environmental stresses and in developing stress-resilient varieties due to advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies,multi-omics analysis platforms,and automated phenotyping facilities.In this review,we summarize recent advances in dissecting the genetic factors and networks that contribute to maize abiotic stress tolerance through diverse strategies.We also discuss future challenges and opportunities for the development of climate-resilient maize varieties.展开更多
Rice grain oil is a valuable nutrient source.However,the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains remains unclear.In this study,we performed a genome-wide association study on oil composition and oil concentra...Rice grain oil is a valuable nutrient source.However,the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains remains unclear.In this study,we performed a genome-wide association study on oil composition and oil concentration in a diverse panel of 533 cultivated rice accessions.High variation for 11 oil-related traits was observed,and the oil composition of rice grains showed differentiation among the subpopulations.We identified 46 loci that are significantly associated with grain oil concentration or composition,16 of which were detected in three recombinant inbred line populations.Twenty-six candidate genes encoding enzymes involved in oil metabolism were identified from these 46 loci,four of which(PAL6,LIN6,MYR2,and ARA6)were found to contribute to natural variation in oil composition and to show differentiation among the subpopulations.Interestingly,population genetic analyses revealed that specific haplotypes of PAL6 and LIN6 have been selected in japonica rice.Based on these results,we propose a possible oil biosynthetic pathway in rice grains.Collectively,our results provide new insights into the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains and can facilitate marker-based breeding of rice varieties with enhanced oil and grain quality.展开更多
With the effect of global climate change on grain yield and distribution of crops, to understand how plant responds to extreme temperature stress is becoming crucial. Plants have evolved fine-tuned mechanisms in respo...With the effect of global climate change on grain yield and distribution of crops, to understand how plant responds to extreme temperature stress is becoming crucial. Plants have evolved fine-tuned mechanisms in response to a wide variety of environmental stresses. During rice （Oryza sativa L.） domestication, two main genotypes are bred and extendedly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical areas in the world： indica （0. sativa ssp. indica） is sensitive to low temperature and mainly cultivated in tropical areas in higher yearly tem- perature; whereas japonica （O. sativa ssp. japonica） is tolerant to low temperature and mainly cultivated in subtropical areas in lower yearly temperature. The chilling sensitivity and resistance of rice cultivars are derived from ancestral Chinese wild rice during rice domestication. Previous studies have indicated that cold tolerance trait of subtropical cultivars is controlled by quantitative trait loci （QTLs） （Miura et al., 2011）. However, the molecular basis for these QTLs has not been well studied.展开更多
Hapalogenys analis(order Lobotiformes)is an economically and ecologically significant fish species.It is a typical sedentary rocky reef fish and is primarily found in the northern Pacific Ocean.Here,we used Hi-C and P...Hapalogenys analis(order Lobotiformes)is an economically and ecologically significant fish species.It is a typical sedentary rocky reef fish and is primarily found in the northern Pacific Ocean.Here,we used Hi-C and PacBio sequencing technique to assemble a high-quality,chromosome-level genome for this species.The 539 Mb genome had a contig N50 with a size of 3.43 Mb,while 755 contigs clustered into 24 chromosomal groups with an anchoring rate of 99.02%.Of the total genomic sequence,132.74Mb(24.39%)were annotated as repeat elements.A total of 21360 protein-coding genes were identified,of which 20787 genes(97.32%)were successfully annotated to public databases.The BUSCO evaluation indicated that 96.90%of the total orthologous genes were matched.The phylogenetic tree representing H.analis and 14 other bony fish species indicated that the H.analis genome contained 364 expanded gene families related to olfactory receptor activity,compared with the common ancestor of H.analis and Sciaenidae.Comparative genomic analysis further identified 3584 contracted gene families.Branch-site modeling identified 277 genes experiencing positive selection,which may facilitate the adaptation to rocky reef environments.The genome reported here is helpful for ecological and evolutionary studies of H.analis.展开更多
Brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological importance in hypersaline ecosystems.As a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most import...Brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological importance in hypersaline ecosystems.As a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most important aquatic products traded worldwide.However,our understanding of the biodiversity,prevalence and global connectedness of viruses in brine shrimp is still very limited.A total of 143 batches of brine shrimp(belonging to seven species)cysts were collected from six continents including 21 countries and more than 100 geographic locations worldwide during 1977–2019.In total,55 novel RNA viruses were identified,which could be assigned to 18 different viral families and related clades.Eleven viruses were dsRNA viruses,16 were+ssRNA viruses,and 28 were−ssRNA viruses.Phylogenetic analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase(RdRp)showed that brine shrimp viruses were often grouped with viruses isolated from other invertebrates and fungi.Remarkably,most brine shrimp viruses were related to those from different hosts that might feed on brine shrimp or share the same ecological niche.A notable case was the novel brine shrimp noda-like virus 3,which shared 79.25%(RdRp)and 63.88%(capsid proteins)amino acid identity with covert mortality nodavirus(CMNV)that may cause losses in aquaculture.In addition,both virome composition and phylogenetic analyses revealed global connectedness in certain brine shrimp viruses,particularly among Asia and Northern America.This highlights the incredible species diversity of viruses in these ancient species and provides essential data for the prevalence of RNA viruses in the global aquaculture industry.More broadly,these findings provide novel insights into the previously unrecognized RNA virosphere in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide and demonstrate that human activity might have driven the global connectedness of brine shrimp viruses.展开更多
Lipid remodeling is crucial for cold tolerance in plants.However,the precise alternations of lipidomics during cold responses remain elusive,especially in maize(Zea mays L.).In addition,the key genes responsible for c...Lipid remodeling is crucial for cold tolerance in plants.However,the precise alternations of lipidomics during cold responses remain elusive,especially in maize(Zea mays L.).In addition,the key genes responsible for cold tolerance in maize lipid metabolism have not been identified.Here,we integrate lipidomic,transcriptomic,and genetic analysis to determine the profile of lipid remodeling caused by cold stress.We find that the homeostasis of cellular lipid metabolism is essential for maintaining cold tolerance of maize.Also,we detect 210 lipid species belonging to 13 major classes,covering phospholipids,glycerides,glycolipids,and free fatty acids.Various lipid metabolites undergo specific and selective alterations in response to cold stress,especially mono-/di-unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid,lysophosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylcholine,and phosphatidylinositol,as well as polyunsaturated phosphatidic acid,monogalactosyldiacylglycerol,diacylglycerol,and triacylglycerol.In addition,we identify a subset of key enzymes,including ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase II(KAS II),acyl-carrier protein 2(ACP2),male sterility33(Ms33),and stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase 2(SAD2)involved in glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways are positive regulators of maize cold tolerance.These results reveal a comprehensive lipidomic profile during the cold response of maize and provide genetic resources for enhancing cold tolerance in crops.展开更多
文摘Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce plant growth,productivity and quality.Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these environmental challenges,transmit the stress signals within cells as well as between cells and tissues,and make appropriate adjustments in their growth and development in order to survive and reproduce.In recent years,significant progress has been made on many fronts of the stress signaling research,particularly in understanding the downstream signaling events that culminate at the activation of stress-and nutrient limitation-responsive genes,cellular ion homeostasis,and growth adjustment.However,the revelation of the early events of stress signaling,particularly the identification of primary stress sensors,still lags behind.In this review,we summarize recent work on the genetic and molecular mechanisms of plant abiotic stress and nutrient limitation sensing and signaling and discuss new directions for future studies.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture of China for Transgenic Research(2016ZX08009003-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31920103002,31921001)the Beijing Outstanding University Discipline Program.
文摘Temperature is a key factor governing the growth and development,distribution,and seasonal behavior of plants.The entireplant life cycle is affected by environmental temperatures.Plants grow rapidly and exhibit specific changes in morphology under mild average temperature conditions,a response termed thermomorphogenesis.When exposed to chilling or moist chilling low temperatures,flowering or seed germination is accelerated in some plant species;these processes are known as vernalization and cold stratification,respectively.Interestingly,once many temperate plants are exposed to chilling temperatures for some time,they can acquire the ability to resist freezing stress,a process termed cold acclimation.In the face of global climate change,heat stress has emerged as a frequent challenge,which adversely affects plant growth and development.In this review,we summarize and discuss recent progress in dissecting them olecular mechanism sregulating plant thermomorphogenesis,vernalization,and responses to extreme temperatures.We also discuss the remaining issues that are crucial for understanding the interactions between plants and temperature.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730011 and 31700214)
文摘Cold temperatures, a major abiotic stress, threaten the growth and development of plants, worldwide. To cope with this adverse environmental cue, plants from temperate climates have evolved an array of sophisticated mechanisms to acclimate to cold periods, increasing their ability to tolerate freezing stress. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in determining the molecular mechanisms underpinning cold acclimation, including following the identification of several pivotal components, including candidates for cold sensors, protein kinases, and transcription factors. With these developments, we have a better understanding of the CBF-dependent cold-signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in elucidating the cold-signaling pathways, especially the C-repeat binding factor-dependent pathway, and describe the regulatory function of the crucial components of plant cold signaling. We also discuss the unsolved questions that should be the focus of future work.
文摘Cold stress is a major environmental factor that adversely affects plant growth and development. The C-repeat binding factor/DRE binding factor 1 （CBF/DREB1） transcriptional regulatory cascade has been shown to play important roles in plant response to cold. Here we demonstrate that two key components of brassinosteroid （BR） signaling modulate freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis plants. The loss-of-function mutant of the GSK3-1ike kinases involved in BR signaling, bin2-3 bill bil2, showed increased freezing tolerance, whereas overexpression of BIN2 resulted in hypersensitivity to freezing stress under both non-acclimated and acclimated conditions. By contrast, gain-of-function mutants of the transcription factors BZR1 and BES1 displayed enhanced freezing tolerance, and consistently cold treatment could induce the accumulation of dephosphorylated BZR1. Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that BZR1 acts upstream of CBF1 and CBF2 to directly regulate their expression. Moreover, we found that BZR1 also regulated other COR genes uncoupled with CBFs, such as WKRY6, PYL6, SOCl, JMT, and SAG21, to modulate plant response to cold stress. Consistently, wrky6 mutants showed decreased freezing tolerance. Taken together, our results indicate that BZR1 positively modulates plant freezing tolerance through CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture of China,China(2016ZX08009003-002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(31872658,31921001)Discipline Program of Beijing Outstanding University,China.
文摘Growth inhibition and cold-acclimation strategies help plants withstand cold stress,which adversely affects growth and survival.PHYTOCHROME B(phyB)regulates plant growth through perceiving both light and ambient temperature signals.However,the mechanism by which phyB mediates the plant response to cold stress remains elusive.Here,we show that the key transcription factors mediating cold acclimation,C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORs(CBFs),interact with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3(PIF3)under cold stress,thus attenuating the mutually assured destruction of PIF3–phyB.Cold-stabilized phyB acts downstream of CBFs to positively regulate freezing tolerance by modulating the expression of stress-responsive and growth-related genes.Consistent with this,phyB mutants exhibited a freezing-sensitive phenotype,whereas phyB-overexpression transgenic plants displayed enhanced freezing tolerance.Further analysis showed that the PIF1,PIF4,and PIF5 proteins,all of which negatively regulate plant freezing tolerance,were destabilized by cold stress in a phytochrome-dependent manner.Collectively,our study reveals that CBFs–PIF3–phyB serves as an important regulatory module for modulating plant response to cold stress.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41401113, No.41371002 Foundation of Excellent Young Talents of IGSNRR, CAS, No.2016RC201+2 种基金 The Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, No.OFSLRSS201622 The Key Project of Physical Geography of Hebei Province China Scholarship Council
文摘The quantitative effect of climate change on fragile regions has been a hot topic in the field of responses to climate change. Previous studies have qualitatively documented the impacts of climate change on boundary shifts in the farming-pastoral ecotone （FPE）; however, the quantitative methods for detecting climate contributions remain relatively limited. Based on long-term data of meteorological stations and interpretations of land use since 1970, climate and land use boundaries of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s were delineated. To detect climate contributions to the FPE boundary shifts, we developed two quantitative methods to explore the spatial-temporal pattern of climate and land use boundary at the east-west （or south-north） （FishNet method） and transect directions （Digital Shoreline Analysis System, DSAS method）. The results indicated that significant differences were exhibited in climate boundaries, land use boundaries, as well as climate contributions in different regions during different periods. The northwest FPE had smaller variations, while the northeast FPE had greater shifts. In the northwest part of the southeast fringe of the Greater Hinggan Mountains and the Inner Mongolian Plateau, the shifts of climate boundaries were significantly related to the land use boundaries. The climate contributions at an east-west direction ranged from 10.7% to 44.4%, and those at a south-north direction varied from 4.7% to 55.9%. The majority of the results from the DSAS were consistent with those from the FishNet. The DSAS method is more accurate and suitable for precise detection at a small scale, whereas the FishNet method is simple to conduct statistical analysis rapidly and directly at a large scale. Our research will be helpful to adapt to climate change, to develop the productive potential, as well as to protect the environment of the FPE in northern China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:81902386,81972869,82002479The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,Grant/Award Numbers:BK20211065,BK20200179+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2021M700547Youth Talent Science and Technology Project of Changzhou Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:QN202103The open fund of state key laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Nanjing University,China,Grant/Award Number:KF-202203。
文摘Background:N-acetyltransferase 10(NAT10)is the only enzyme known tomediate the N4-acetylcytidine(ac4C)modification of mRNA and is crucial formRNA stability and translation efficiency.However,its role in cancer development and prognosis has not yet been explored.This study aimed to examine the possible role of NAT10 in colon cancer.Methods:The expression levels ofNAT10were evaluated by immunohistochemical analyses with a colon cancer tissue microarray,and its prognostic value in patients was further analyzed.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blotting were performed to analyze NAT10 expression in harvested colon cancer tissues and cell lines.Stable NAT10-knockdown and NAT10-overexpressing colon cancer cell lines were constructed using lentivirus.The biological functions of NAT10 in colon cancer cell lines were analyzed in vitro by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8),wound healing,Transwell,cell cycle,and ferroptosis assays.Xenograft models were used to analyze the effect of NAT10 on the tumorigenesis and metastasis of colon cancer cells in vivo.Dot blotting,acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR,and RNA stability analyses were performed to explore the mechanism by which NAT10 functions in colon cancer progression.Results:NAT10 was upregulated in colon cancer tissues and various colon cancer cell lines.This increased NAT10 expression was associated with shorter patient survival.Knockdown of NAT10 in two colon cancer cell lines(HT-29 and LoVo)impaired the proliferation,migration,invasion,tumor formation and metastasis of these cells,whereas overexpression of NAT10 promoted these abilities.Further analysis revealed that NAT10 exerted a strong effect on the mRNA stability and expression of ferroptosis suppressor protein 1(FSP1)in HT-29 and LoVo cells.In these cells,FSP1 mRNA was found to be modified by ac4C acetylation,and this epigenetic modification was associated with the inhibition of ferroptosis.Conclusions:Our study revealed that NAT10 plays a critical role in colon cancer development b
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31920103002,31970262,and 31921001)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200371)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693432)the Beijing Outstanding University Discipline Program。
文摘As two of the most important environmental factors,light and temperature regulate almost all aspects of plant growth and development.Under natural conditions,light is accompanied by warm temperatures and darkness by cooler temperatures,suggesting that light and temperature are tightly associated signals for plants.Indeed,accumulating evidence shows that plants have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to simultaneously perceive and respond to dynamic changes in light and temperature.Notably,the photoreceptor phytochrome B(phy B)was recently shown to function as a thermosensor,thus reinforcing the notion that light and temperature signaling pathways are tightly associated in plants.In this review,we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms integrating light and temperature signaling pathways in plants,with the emphasis on recent progress in temperature sensing,light control of plant freezing tolerance,and thermomorphogenesis.We also discuss the questions that are crucial for a further understanding of the interactions between light and temperature signaling pathways in plants.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31872658,32022008,31921001)。
文摘Cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana triggers a significant transcriptional reprogramming altering the expression patterns of thousands of cold-responsive(COR) genes. Essential to this process is the C-repeat binding factor(CBF)-dependent pathway, involving the activity of AP2/ERF(APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor)-type CBF transcription factors required for plant cold acclimation. In this study, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation assays followed by deep sequencing(ChIP-seq) to determine the genomewide binding sites of the CBF transcription factors. Cold-induced CBF proteins specifically bind to the conserved C-repeat(CRT)/dehydrationresponsive elements(CRT/DRE;G/ACCGAC) of their target genes. A Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 1,012 genes are targeted by all three CBFs. Combined with a transcriptional analysis of the cbf1,2,3 triple mutant, we define 146 CBF regulons as direct CBF targets. In addition, the CBF-target genes are significantly enriched in functions associated with hormone, light,and circadian rhythm signaling, suggesting that the CBFs act as key integrators of endogenous and external environmental cues. Our findings not only define the genome-wide binding patterns of the CBFs during the early cold response, but also provide insights into the role of the CBFs in regulating multiple biological processes of plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2022YFF1001600 and 2020YFA0509902)the Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(BJJWZYJH01201910019026)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31921001)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund.
文摘Global climate change exacerbates the effects of environmental stressors,such as drought,flooding,extreme temperatures,salinity,and alkalinity,on crop growth and grain yield,threatening the sustainability of the food supply.Maize(Zea mays)is one of the most widely cultivated crops and the most abundant grain crop in production worldwide.However,the stability of maize yield is highly dependent on environmental conditions.Recently,great progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying maize responses to environmental stresses and in developing stress-resilient varieties due to advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies,multi-omics analysis platforms,and automated phenotyping facilities.In this review,we summarize recent advances in dissecting the genetic factors and networks that contribute to maize abiotic stress tolerance through diverse strategies.We also discuss future challenges and opportunities for the development of climate-resilient maize varieties.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant 2016YFD0100501)the National Program on R&D of Transgenic Plants(2016ZX08009004)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91935303,31821005 and 32000378)the earmarked fund for the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-01-03)the Hubei province of Science and Technology(2020BBB051)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2017M622477).
文摘Rice grain oil is a valuable nutrient source.However,the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains remains unclear.In this study,we performed a genome-wide association study on oil composition and oil concentration in a diverse panel of 533 cultivated rice accessions.High variation for 11 oil-related traits was observed,and the oil composition of rice grains showed differentiation among the subpopulations.We identified 46 loci that are significantly associated with grain oil concentration or composition,16 of which were detected in three recombinant inbred line populations.Twenty-six candidate genes encoding enzymes involved in oil metabolism were identified from these 46 loci,four of which(PAL6,LIN6,MYR2,and ARA6)were found to contribute to natural variation in oil composition and to show differentiation among the subpopulations.Interestingly,population genetic analyses revealed that specific haplotypes of PAL6 and LIN6 have been selected in japonica rice.Based on these results,we propose a possible oil biosynthetic pathway in rice grains.Collectively,our results provide new insights into the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains and can facilitate marker-based breeding of rice varieties with enhanced oil and grain quality.
文摘With the effect of global climate change on grain yield and distribution of crops, to understand how plant responds to extreme temperature stress is becoming crucial. Plants have evolved fine-tuned mechanisms in response to a wide variety of environmental stresses. During rice （Oryza sativa L.） domestication, two main genotypes are bred and extendedly cultivated in the tropical and subtropical areas in the world： indica （0. sativa ssp. indica） is sensitive to low temperature and mainly cultivated in tropical areas in higher yearly tem- perature; whereas japonica （O. sativa ssp. japonica） is tolerant to low temperature and mainly cultivated in subtropical areas in lower yearly temperature. The chilling sensitivity and resistance of rice cultivars are derived from ancestral Chinese wild rice during rice domestication. Previous studies have indicated that cold tolerance trait of subtropical cultivars is controlled by quantitative trait loci （QTLs） （Miura et al., 2011）. However, the molecular basis for these QTLs has not been well studied.
基金supported by the Province Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang (No.2021C02047)the Special Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Department (Nos.HYS-CZ-004,HYS-CZ-202208)the‘San Nong Jiu Fang’Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Zhejiang Province (No.2022 SN JF073)。
文摘Hapalogenys analis(order Lobotiformes)is an economically and ecologically significant fish species.It is a typical sedentary rocky reef fish and is primarily found in the northern Pacific Ocean.Here,we used Hi-C and PacBio sequencing technique to assemble a high-quality,chromosome-level genome for this species.The 539 Mb genome had a contig N50 with a size of 3.43 Mb,while 755 contigs clustered into 24 chromosomal groups with an anchoring rate of 99.02%.Of the total genomic sequence,132.74Mb(24.39%)were annotated as repeat elements.A total of 21360 protein-coding genes were identified,of which 20787 genes(97.32%)were successfully annotated to public databases.The BUSCO evaluation indicated that 96.90%of the total orthologous genes were matched.The phylogenetic tree representing H.analis and 14 other bony fish species indicated that the H.analis genome contained 364 expanded gene families related to olfactory receptor activity,compared with the common ancestor of H.analis and Sciaenidae.Comparative genomic analysis further identified 3584 contracted gene families.Branch-site modeling identified 277 genes experiencing positive selection,which may facilitate the adaptation to rocky reef environments.The genome reported here is helpful for ecological and evolutionary studies of H.analis.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0900501)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,YSFRI,CAFS(20603022022005)+6 种基金Shinan District Science and Technology Foundation(Qingdao)(2022-2-027-ZH)Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2020TD39)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-48)C.L.was supported by the Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education Institution(2021KJ064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200004)W.S.was supported by the Academic Promotion Programme of Shandong First Medical University(2019QL006)E.C.H.was funded by a National Medical Health and Research Council(Australia)Investigator Grant(GNT2017197).
文摘Brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological importance in hypersaline ecosystems.As a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most important aquatic products traded worldwide.However,our understanding of the biodiversity,prevalence and global connectedness of viruses in brine shrimp is still very limited.A total of 143 batches of brine shrimp(belonging to seven species)cysts were collected from six continents including 21 countries and more than 100 geographic locations worldwide during 1977–2019.In total,55 novel RNA viruses were identified,which could be assigned to 18 different viral families and related clades.Eleven viruses were dsRNA viruses,16 were+ssRNA viruses,and 28 were−ssRNA viruses.Phylogenetic analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase(RdRp)showed that brine shrimp viruses were often grouped with viruses isolated from other invertebrates and fungi.Remarkably,most brine shrimp viruses were related to those from different hosts that might feed on brine shrimp or share the same ecological niche.A notable case was the novel brine shrimp noda-like virus 3,which shared 79.25%(RdRp)and 63.88%(capsid proteins)amino acid identity with covert mortality nodavirus(CMNV)that may cause losses in aquaculture.In addition,both virome composition and phylogenetic analyses revealed global connectedness in certain brine shrimp viruses,particularly among Asia and Northern America.This highlights the incredible species diversity of viruses in these ancient species and provides essential data for the prevalence of RNA viruses in the global aquaculture industry.More broadly,these findings provide novel insights into the previously unrecognized RNA virosphere in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide and demonstrate that human activity might have driven the global connectedness of brine shrimp viruses.
基金supported by grants from the State Key Project of Research and Development Plan(2022YFF1001603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022008,32272025,and 31921001)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2022TC137 and 2023TC019).
文摘Lipid remodeling is crucial for cold tolerance in plants.However,the precise alternations of lipidomics during cold responses remain elusive,especially in maize(Zea mays L.).In addition,the key genes responsible for cold tolerance in maize lipid metabolism have not been identified.Here,we integrate lipidomic,transcriptomic,and genetic analysis to determine the profile of lipid remodeling caused by cold stress.We find that the homeostasis of cellular lipid metabolism is essential for maintaining cold tolerance of maize.Also,we detect 210 lipid species belonging to 13 major classes,covering phospholipids,glycerides,glycolipids,and free fatty acids.Various lipid metabolites undergo specific and selective alterations in response to cold stress,especially mono-/di-unsaturated lysophosphatidic acid,lysophosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylcholine,and phosphatidylinositol,as well as polyunsaturated phosphatidic acid,monogalactosyldiacylglycerol,diacylglycerol,and triacylglycerol.In addition,we identify a subset of key enzymes,including ketoacyl-acyl-carrier protein synthase II(KAS II),acyl-carrier protein 2(ACP2),male sterility33(Ms33),and stearoyl-acyl-carrier protein desaturase 2(SAD2)involved in glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways are positive regulators of maize cold tolerance.These results reveal a comprehensive lipidomic profile during the cold response of maize and provide genetic resources for enhancing cold tolerance in crops.
