Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1(CHI3L1)belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18.It binds to chitin,heparin,and hyaluronic acid,and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes,cytokines,growth factors,drugs,a...Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1(CHI3L1)belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18.It binds to chitin,heparin,and hyaluronic acid,and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes,cytokines,growth factors,drugs,and stress.CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted by a multitude of cells including macrophages,neutrophils,synoviocytes,chondrocytes,fibroblast-like cells,smooth muscle cells,and tumor cells.It plays a major role in tissue injury,inflammation,tissue repair,and remodeling responses.CHI3L1 has been strongly associated with diseases including asthma,arthritis,sepsis,diabetes,liver fibrosis,and coronary artery disease.Moreover,following its initial identification in the culture supernatant of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line,CHI3L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wealth of both human cancers and animal tumor models.To date,interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2,transmembrane protein 219,galectin-3,chemo-attractant receptor-homologous 2,and CD44 have been identified as CHI3L1 receptors.CHI3L1 signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell growth,proliferation,invasion,metastasis,angiogenesis,activation of tumor-associated macrophages,and Th2 polarization of CD4+T cells.Interestingly,CHI3L1-based targeted therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of tumors including glioma and colon cancer as well as rheumatoid arthritis.This review summarizes the potential roles and mechanisms of CHI3L1 in oncogenesis and disease pathogenesis,then posits investigational strategies for targeted therapies.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effect of interferon-a (IFN-α) on preventing or reversing hepatic fibrosis in rat experimental model induced by CCI4. METHODS: One hundred and ten Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five gro...AIM:To investigate the effect of interferon-a (IFN-α) on preventing or reversing hepatic fibrosis in rat experimental model induced by CCI4. METHODS: One hundred and ten Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: group A (normal controls, n = 18), group B (fibrotic model controls, n = 22), group C (IFN-α prevention, n = 22) initially treated with intramuscular injection of IFN-a in saline daily at the doses of 1× 105 U for 6 wk, group D (IFN-a treatment, n = 24) treated with intra-muscular injection of IFN-a in saline daily at the doses of 1×105 U for 6 wk after the first 6 wk, group E (0.9% sodium chloride treatment control, n = 24) treated with intra-muscular injection of 0.01 mL/kg daily for 6 wk after the first 6 wk. At the end of the experiment, all rats of each group were killed. Samples of the liver obtained by biopsy were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies for the expressions of transforming growth factor-pi (TGF- μ41) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RESULTS: The expressions of TGF-pl, the number of activated hepatic stellate cells and a-SMA in hepatic tissue of group C were significantly less than those of group B (P<0.01). The degree of fibrosis score in group B was also significantly less than that of group C under light microscope (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: IFN-a can inhibit the production of TGF-pl, decrease HSC activation and stimulate its apoptosis.展开更多
There are three abnormally high porosity zones developed in buried Paleogene nearshore subaqueous fan and sublacustrine fan clastic＇reservoirs at 2,800-3,200 m, 3,250-3,700 m and 3,900- 4,400 m, respectively, within ...There are three abnormally high porosity zones developed in buried Paleogene nearshore subaqueous fan and sublacustrine fan clastic＇reservoirs at 2,800-3,200 m, 3,250-3,700 m and 3,900- 4,400 m, respectively, within the Shengtuo area of the Dongying Sag. Here the porosity of reservoirs buried deeper than 4,000 m can still be greater than 20%. Investigation of these three abnormally high porosity （AHP） zones in the 3rd to 4th member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area was carried out with utilization of core observation, thin section identification, SEM observation, image analysis, core physical property testing and other technical methods. The results show that, the AHP zones in 2,800-3,200 m and 3,250-3,700 m are visible pores primary AHP zones dominated by significant primary intergranular pores （more than 50% of the total porosity）, while secondary pores and micropores in authigenic clays may develop in some reservoirs. AHP reservoirs in the AHP zone of 3,900-4,400 m are dominated by micropores in matrix, visible pores are mainly grain dissolution pores but with low absolute content （〈 1%）, so this zone belongs to the micropores primary AHP zone. The genesis of the three AHP zones was studied to distinguish between porosity enhancement and porosity preservation. Our research shows that, in deeply buried clastic reservoirs in the Shengtuo area, mineral dissolution occurred in a relatively closed diagenetic system with high temperature and high salinity. Reservoir rocks underwent extensive feldspar dissolution, while detrital carbonate grains and carbonate cements show no evidence of extensive dissolution. Although significant feldspar dissolution pores developed, feldspar dissolution enhanced porosity only a little due to the precipitation of almost isovolumetric dissolution products in the nearby primary intergranular pores in forms of authigenic clays and quartz cements. Net enhanced porosity originating from feldspar dissolution is generally less than 0.25%. Thus, the sub展开更多
The Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi shale is one of the main horizons for shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. Outcrop, core and thin section observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, trace element geochemistry and other...The Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi shale is one of the main horizons for shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. Outcrop, core and thin section observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, trace element geochemistry and other methods have been used to understand the sedimentary characteristics and identify hydrocarbon source rocks in suitable sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in northern Guizhou Province. The thickness of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation ranges from 20 to 200 m and it was mainly deposited on a deep-water shelf. The TOC content is high, up to 5.75%. The main non-organic minerals are detrital quartz and clay minerals, with a little plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, calcite, dolomite and pyrite. There is also biogenic microcrystalline quartz. Six lithofacies have been identified： siliceous shale, clay shale, calcareous shale, silty shale, carbonaceous shale, and muddy siltstone. Using biological Ba, V/（V＋Ni）, TOC, V/Cr, B, Sr/Ba and other indicators, we estimate primary productivity, redox conditions and paleosalinity and show that the early stage of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition occurred under strong anoxic conditions, high paleosalinity and yielded a high TOC content and an excellent potential shale gas source. The anoxic environment was destroyed at the late stages of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition, the TOC content decreased, so that it is likely to be a high quality source rock. Organic pores acted as the key reservoir space in the shales, and the pores are mainly mesopose, with most pore diameters less than 20 nm. The siliceous shale has high TOC content and brittle mineral（quartz） content making it an important exploration target for shale oil and gas exploration.展开更多
Deep-water gravity flows are one of the most important sediment transport mechanisms on Earth. After 60 years of study, significant achievements have been made in terms of classification schemes, genetic mechanisms, a...Deep-water gravity flows are one of the most important sediment transport mechanisms on Earth. After 60 years of study, significant achievements have been made in terms of classification schemes, genetic mechanisms, and depositional models of deep-water gravity flows. The research history of deep-water gravity flows can be divided into five stages： incipience of turbidity current theory; formation of turbidity current theory; development of deep-water gravity flow theory; improvement and perfection of deep-water gravity flow theory; and comprehensive development of deep-water gravity flow theory. Currently, three primary classification schemes based on the sediment support mechanism, the rheology and transportation process, and the integration of sediment support mechanisms, rheology, sedimentary characteristics, and flow state are commonly used.Different types of deep-water gravity flow events form different types of gravity flow deposits. Sediment slump retransportation mainly forms muddy debris flows, sandy debris flows, and surge-like turbidity currents. Resuspension of deposits by storms leads to quasi-steady hyperpycnal turbidity currents （hyperpycnal flows）. Sustainable sediment supplies mainly generate muddy debris flows, sandy debris flows, and hyperpycnal flows. Deep-water fans, which are commonly controlled by debris flows and hyperpycnal flows, are triggered by sustainable sediment supply; in contrast, deep-water slope sedimentary deposits consist mainly of debris flows that are triggered by the retransportation of sediment slumps and deep-water fine-grained sedimentary deposits are derived primarily from fine- grained hyperpycnal flows that are triggered by the resuspension of storm deposits. Harmonization of classification schemes, transformation between different types of gravity flow deposit, and monitoring and reproduction of the sedimentary processes of deep-water gravity flows as well as a source-to-sink approach to document the evolution and deposition of deep-water gravity flows are the展开更多
Diagenetic traps in conglomerate in nearshore subaqueous fans in the steep slope zones of rift basins have been important exploration targets for subtle reservoirs in eastern China. However, the mechanism of how those...Diagenetic traps in conglomerate in nearshore subaqueous fans in the steep slope zones of rift basins have been important exploration targets for subtle reservoirs in eastern China. However, the mechanism of how those traps were formed is not clear, which inhibits further exploration for this type of reservoir. In order to solve the problem, we take as an example nearshore subaqueous fans in the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation （Es4s） on the north slope of the Minfeng Subsag in the Dongying Sag. Combining different research methods, such as core observation, thin section examination, scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation, fluid-inclusion analysis, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of carbonate cements, and analysis of core properties, we studied the genetic mechanisms of diagenetic traps on the basis of diagenetic environment evolution and diagenetic evolution sequence in different sub/micro-facies. Conglomerate in Es4s in the north Minfeng Subsag experienced several periods of transition between alkaline and acidic environments as ＂alkaline-acidic-alkaline-acidic-weak alkaline＂. As a result, dissolution and cementation are also very complex, and the sequence is ＂early pyrite cementation / siderite cementation / gypsum cementation / calcite and dolomite cementation- feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth quartz dissolution / ferroan calcite cementation / ankerite cementation / lime-mud matrix recrystallization / feldspar overgrowth carbonate dissolution / feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth / pyrite cementation＂. The difference in sedimentary characteristics between different sub/micro-facies of nearshore subaqueous fans controls diagenetic characteristics. Inner fan conglomerates mainly experienced compaction and lime-mud matrix recrystallization, with weak dissolution, which led to a reduction in the porosity and permeability crucial to reservoir formation. Lime-mud matrix recrystallization results in a rapid decrease in porosity and permeability in inne展开更多
As an emerging star in the family of two-dimensional(2D)materials,2D transition metal carbides,carbonitrides and nitrides,collectively referred to as MXenes,have large specific surface area,rich active sites,metallic ...As an emerging star in the family of two-dimensional(2D)materials,2D transition metal carbides,carbonitrides and nitrides,collectively referred to as MXenes,have large specific surface area,rich active sites,metallic conductivity and adjustable surface chemical properties.These features make MXenes promising candidates for gas-sensing materials.For the past few years,MXene-based sensors have drawn increasing attention due to their enhanced sensor performance.Based on this,this review systematically represents the structure,synthesis methods and properties of MXenes,and summarizes their applications in gas sensors.Firstly,the types,structure,main synthesis methods and properties of MXenes are introduced in a comprehensive way.Next,the corresponding design principle and working mechanism of MXene-based gas sensor are clarified.Subsequently,the sensing performances of pristine MXenes and the MXene-based nanocomposite are discussed.Finally,some future opportunities and challenges of MXene-based sensors are pointed out.展开更多
Clastic rock reservoirs in petroliferous basins are generally rich in feldspars. Feldspar dissolution has developed widely in clastic reservoirs, and the resulting secondary pores are crucial in deeply buried reservoi...Clastic rock reservoirs in petroliferous basins are generally rich in feldspars. Feldspar dissolution has developed widely in clastic reservoirs, and the resulting secondary pores are crucial in deeply buried reservoirs. Based on a study of the diagenesis of clastic reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin, Tarim Basin, and Pearl River Mouth Basin and physical and numerical simulation experiments of fluid-rock interactions, this paper proposed a successive formation model of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution in deeply buried clastic reservoirs, considering the global research progresses in feldspar dissolution in clastic rocks. Feldspar dissolution can occur from shallow open systems to deep-ultra deep closed systems in petroliferous basins, resulting in the successive formation of secondary pores at different diagenetic stages. The successive mechanism includes three aspects. The first aspect is the succession of corrosive fluids that dissolve minerals. Meteoric freshwater dominates at the Earth’s surface and the early diagenetic A stage. Subsequently, organic acids and COformed via kerogen maturation dominate at the early diagenetic B stage to the middle diagenetic stage. COand organic acids formed via hydrocarbon oxidation in hydrocarbon reservoirs dominate at the middle diagenetic B stage to the late diagenetic stage. The second aspect is the successive formation processes of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution. Large-scale feldspar secondary pores identified in deep reservoirs include secondary pores formed at shallow-medium depths that are subsequently preserved into deep layers, as well as secondary pores formed at deep depths. Existing secondary pores in deeply buried reservoirs are the superposition of successively feldspar dissolution caused by different acids at different stages. The third aspect is a successive change in the feldspar alteration pathways and porosity enhancement/preservation effect. Open to semi-open diagenetic systems are developed from the Earth’s surface to the early diagen展开更多
As important metal sulfides in the geochemical cycle of sulfur,the characteristics and formation processes of pyrites can provide useful clues regarding their environment.Based on previous findings,shale pyrites were ...As important metal sulfides in the geochemical cycle of sulfur,the characteristics and formation processes of pyrites can provide useful clues regarding their environment.Based on previous findings,shale pyrites were divided into three major classes(euhedral pyrites,framboidal pyrites(framboids)and metasomatic pyrites)and six sub-classes in this study.At the microscopic scale,each type of pyrite is associated with a different formation process.Framboids are formed by burst nucleation in environments with a homogeneous distribution of nutrients while euhedral pyrites are usually formed on pre-existing sites(such as=FeS on the minerals surface)in the heterogeneous system.Metasomatic pyrites formed by the replacement of other ions in accountable material by iron ions and hydrogen sulfide ions in hydrothermal events.The morphology and isotope value of pyrite provide information to track the origins of their nutrient and characteristics of sulfur and iron pools.In addition,the trace element content of pyrite can serve as a proxy for paleo-ocean trace element abundance,indicating changes in atmospheric oxygen content.Additionally,pyrite can also serves as an indicator of shale gas reservoirs.展开更多
A novel micro structure of magnetically anisotropic Sm Co-based magnet with high-performance is reported.The magnet consists of SmCo_(7)-H(TbCu_(7)-hexagonal type),Sm_(2)Co_(17)-H(Th_(2)Ni_(17)-hexagonal type)and SmCo...A novel micro structure of magnetically anisotropic Sm Co-based magnet with high-performance is reported.The magnet consists of SmCo_(7)-H(TbCu_(7)-hexagonal type),Sm_(2)Co_(17)-H(Th_(2)Ni_(17)-hexagonal type)and SmCo_(3)-R(SmCo_(3)-rhombohedral type)phases.The maximum magnetic energy product of the magnet is 231.69 kj/m^(3),and the intrinsic coercivity is 1005.47 kA/m.An outstanding intrinsic coercivity temperature coefficient(β)of-0.125%/K between 298 and 773 K is obtained,which is very close to theβof commercial high-temperature Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based sintered magnets.The initial magnetization curve indicates that the coercivity mechanism is controlled by a domain wall pinning mechanism.The SmCo_(3)-R lamellar phase may be a potential pinning center or self-pinning center.The microstructure of the magnet is different from that of any previous SmCo-based magnets.These findings provide a new idea for preparing high-performance SmCo-based permanent magnets.展开更多
Microwave absorbers with unique optical and mechanical performance are urgent for complex electromagnetic environment.Here,we demonstrate the mechanically flexible,optically transparent,and microwave-absorbing polyacr...Microwave absorbers with unique optical and mechanical performance are urgent for complex electromagnetic environment.Here,we demonstrate the mechanically flexible,optically transparent,and microwave-absorbing polyacrylamide(PAM)hydrogel,in which the polar water molecules with high polarization contribute to the efficient microwave attenuation,but the binding between water molecules and PAM will slow down the orientation polarization of polar molecules.Meanwhile,the dominated dielectric property of water molecules in PAM hydrogel determines that the molecules displacement in polymer mixture is feasible for manipulating permittivity.Besides,by decreasing temperature,the flexible and transparent hydrogel will switch to rigid and opaque state as the phase conversion between amorphous and polycrystal state.By constructing structures with such hydrogel,the obtained absorber also exhibits the optical and mechanical switchable properties,covering the effective absorption within 5.7-18 GHz.This work provides an effective method to fabricate optically and mechanically manipulable microwave absorbers for intelligent electromagnetic stealth systems.展开更多
The formation mechanism of micron-to centimeter-scale sedimentary cycles in lacustrine shales is a hot topic of research,because these small-scale sedimentary cycles significantly influence shale-oil distribution hete...The formation mechanism of micron-to centimeter-scale sedimentary cycles in lacustrine shales is a hot topic of research,because these small-scale sedimentary cycles significantly influence shale-oil distribution heterogeneity.High-frequency paleoenvironmental evolution is an important controlling factor for the formation of small-scale sedimentary cycles.However,the driving factors of high-frequency paleoenvironmental evolution and the formation process of sedimentary cycles under its constraint remain speculative.In this study,which focuses on lacustrine shales,we find that the alternating deposition of variable thickness of organic-rich lamina(ORL)and silty-grained felsic lamina(SSFL)form sedimentary cycles on the micron to centimeter scale in the Chang 73 sub-member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin.Based on detailed petrographic characterization,in-situ geochemical parameter testing,and high-resolution cycle analysis,the formation process of cyclical sedimentary records and related paleoenvironmental evolution are investigated.Three solar activity cycles were identified from the shales,namely the 360–500 yr,81–110 yr,and 30–57 yr cycles(cycles I,II,and III,respectively).Highfrequency paleoenvironmental evolution caused by solar activity induced lake-level fluctuation,which further controlled silty-grained sediment deposition and organic matter preservation in deep lake areas.Cycle I controlled relatively long-term lake-level fluctuation,driving several pairs of SSFL and ORL deposition at the centimeter scale.Cycles II and III were short-term cycles and acted on the millimeter to micrometer scale,further complicating the sedimentary strata forming during the period of lake-level fall induced by cycle I.The cyclic deposition of SSFL and ORL correspond to cycle III.Lake-level fluctuation influenced by cycle II mainly caused SSFL thickness variation in each lamina couplet.During the period of lake-level rise induced by cycle I,periods of lake level rise during cycles II,and III show cyclic varia展开更多
The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs（beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member） in the Dongying depression w...The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs（beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member） in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western（eastern） reservoirs experienced early open（closed）, middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis（in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current）. Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows： early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandst展开更多
The excellent thermal stability of magnetic properties of Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets is their most impor-tant feature.However,this stability is reduced when the maximum energy product of Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets i...The excellent thermal stability of magnetic properties of Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets is their most impor-tant feature.However,this stability is reduced when the maximum energy product of Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets is improved,which is mainly determined by the Fe/Cu distribution of the 2:17R cell and 1:5H cell boundary phases.During the demagnetization process,the Cu-rich 1:5H cell boundary phase with a width of 2-15 nm obstructs the motion of the domain walls,yielding coercivity.Herein,we report a micron-scale Cu/Zr-rich and Fe-lean 1:5H-based precipitated phase with a lamellar structure,probably induced by Sm_(2)O_(3) doping.This structure enables the separate regulation of Fe and Cu distribution for Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets with Fe-rich 2:17R cell phases and Cu-rich 1:5H cell boundary phases,consid-erably optimizing the thermal stability of magnetic properties.This discovery can be further developed to produce Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets with high performance and excellent thermal stability of magnetic properties.展开更多
Patients with double-mutated CEBPA(CEBPAdm)AML were stratified into favorable risk group,however,few studies have investigated the heterogeneity of different CEBPAdm types in detail.In this study,we analyzed 2211 newl...Patients with double-mutated CEBPA(CEBPAdm)AML were stratified into favorable risk group,however,few studies have investigated the heterogeneity of different CEBPAdm types in detail.In this study,we analyzed 2211 newly diagnosed AML and identified CEBPAdm in 10.8%of the patients.Within the CEBPAdm cohort,225 of 239 patients(94.14%)presented with bZIP region mutations(CEBPAdmbZIP)while 14 of 239 patients(5.86%)without bZIP region mutation(CEBPAdmnonbZIP).Analysis of the accompanied molecular mutations showed statistically different incidences of GATA2 mutations between the CEBPAdmbZIP group and the CEBPAdmnonbZIP group(30.29%vs 0%).In the analysis of outcomes,patients with CEBPAdmnonbZIP were associated with shorter overall survival(OS)censored at hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)during CR1 compared to those with CEBPAdmbZIP(hazard ratio(HR)=3.132,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.229–7.979,P=.017).Refractory or relapsed AML(R/RAML)patients with CEBPAdmnonbZIP were associated with shorter OS compared to those with CEBPAdmbZIP(HR=2.881,95%CI=1.021–8.131,P=.046).Taken together,AML with CEBPAdmbZIP and CEBPAdmnonbZIP showed different outcomes and might be regarded as distinctive AML entities.展开更多
The study or pore characteristics is or great importance in reservoir evaluation,especially in deeply buried s andstone.It controls the storage mechanism and reservoir fluid properties of the permeable horizons.The fi...The study or pore characteristics is or great importance in reservoir evaluation,especially in deeply buried s andstone.It controls the storage mechanism and reservoir fluid properties of the permeable horizons.The first member of Eocene Shahejie Formation(Esl)sandstone is classified as feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose.The present research investigates the pore characteristics and reservoir features of the deeply buried sandstone reservoir of Esl member of Shahejie Formation.The techniques including thin-section petrography,mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP),scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscope images were used to demarcate the pores including primary intergranular pores and secondary intergranular,intragranular,dissolution and fracture pores.Mercury injection test and routine core analysis were led to demarcate the pore network characteristics of the studied reservoir.Pore size and pore throat size distribution are acquired from mercury injection test.Porosity values range from 0.5%to 30%,and permeability ranges 0.006-7000 mD.Pore radii of coarse-grained sandstone and fine-grained sandstone range from 0.2 to>4μm and 1 nm to 1.60μm,respectively,by MICP analysis.The mineral composition also plays an important role in protecting the pores with pressure from failure.Fractured sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone consist of large and interconnected pores that enhance the reservoir porosity and permeability,whereas fine-grained sandstone and siltstone consist of numerous pores but not well interconnected,and so they consist of high porosity with low permeability.展开更多
AIM: To study the difference of gene expression profile changes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM) and to screen the novel genes in the early stage by cDNA microarray.METHODS: cDNA ...AIM: To study the difference of gene expression profile changes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM) and to screen the novel genes in the early stage by cDNA microarray.METHODS: cDNA retrotranscribed from an equal amount of mRNA from BE and CIM epithelial tissues was labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescence as probes. The mixed probe was hybridized with three pieces of BiostarH-40 s double dot human whole gene chip. The chips were scanned with a ScanArray 4000. The acquired images were analyzed using GenePix Pro 3.0 software.RESULTS: A total of 141 genes were screened out that exhibited different expression in all three chips. There were 74 upregulated and 67 downregulated genes in gene expression profiles of BE which were two times of that in CIM.CONCLUSION: There is a difference in gene expression level between BE and CIM epithelia. These 141 genes probably relate to the occurrence and development of BE and the progression to adenocarcinoma.展开更多
The types,evolution processes,formation mechanisms,and depositional models of deep-water gravity flow deposits in a lacustrine rift basin are studied through core observation and systematic analysis.Massive transport ...The types,evolution processes,formation mechanisms,and depositional models of deep-water gravity flow deposits in a lacustrine rift basin are studied through core observation and systematic analysis.Massive transport of slide and slump,fluid transport of debris flow and turbidity currents are driven by gravity in deep-water lacustrine environment.The transformation between debris flow and turbidity current,and the transformation of turbidity current between supercritical and subcritical conditions are the main dynamic mechanisms of gravity flow deposits in a lake basin.The erosion of supercritical turbidity current controls the formation of gravity-flow channel.Debris flow deposition gives rise to tongue shape lobe rather than channel.Deep-water gravity flow deposits are of two origins,intrabasinal and extrabasinal.Intrabasinal gravity flow deposits occur as single tongue-shape lobe or fan of stacking multiple lobes.Extrabasinal gravity-flow deposits occur as sublacustrine fan with channel or single channel sand body.However,the nearshore subaqueous fan is characterized by fan of stacking multiple tongue shape lobes without channel.The differential diagenesis caused by differentiation in the nearshore subaqueous fan facies belt results in the formation of diagenetic trap.The extrabasinal gravity flow deposits are one of the important reasons for the abundant deep-water sand bodies in a lake basin.Slide mass-transport deposits form a very important type of lithologic trap near the delta front often ignored.The fine-grained sediment caused by flow transformation is the potential"sweet spot"of shale oil and gas.展开更多
The Lower Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag, Junggar Basin is a typical tight-oil reservoir in China. For effective exploration and production, the formation of a high-quality reservoir must be thoroughly s...The Lower Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag, Junggar Basin is a typical tight-oil reservoir in China. For effective exploration and production, the formation of a high-quality reservoir must be thoroughly studied. In this work, the tight-oil reservoir was examined using a variety of methods, including core and thin-section observations, XRD, SEM, CL and fluid inclusion and isotope testing. The tight-oil reservoirs were primarily deposited in saline lake environments, which are dominated by variable admixture of dolomite, quartz, feldspar, tuff, calcite and pyrite. Nine main lithofacies were identified：（1） siliceous mudstone,（2） dolomitic siliceous mudstone,（3） dolomitic mudstone,（4） intraclast packstone/grainstone,（5） ooid grainstone,（6） bioclast grainstone,（7） dolomitic siltstone,（8） mixed siliclastic and intraclast grainstone and（9） brecciated dolomitic mudstone. The pore types are classified into four categories： primary intergranular, moldic, intercrystalline and fracture pores. The properties of tight-oil reservoirs are quite poor, with low porosity（ave. 7.85%） and permeability（ave. 0.110 mD） and a small pore-throat radius（ave. 0.086 μm）. The tight-oil reservoirs are dominated by the aggradation of a repetitive meter-scale sedimentary facies succession that records distinct lacustrine expansions and contractions. These tight carbonates have also undergone significant diagenetic alterations, such as dolomitization, dissolution, neomorphism and fracture created intercrystalline and moldic pores, vug and fractures; chemical and mechanical compaction and carbonate cementation have decreased the reservoir quality. Variations in reservoir quality in the Jimusar sag are due to a combination of lithofacies type, high-frequency cyclic depositional architecture, dissolution intensity, dolomitization and tectonic related deformation. This integrated study has helped in understanding the reservoir heterogeneity and hydrocarbon potential of the Jimusar fine-展开更多
基金supported by Guangzhou key medical discipline construction project and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 81671543,81870409 to Q.Y.).
文摘Non-enzymatic chitinase-3 like-protein-1(CHI3L1)belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 18.It binds to chitin,heparin,and hyaluronic acid,and is regulated by extracellular matrix changes,cytokines,growth factors,drugs,and stress.CHI3L1 is synthesized and secreted by a multitude of cells including macrophages,neutrophils,synoviocytes,chondrocytes,fibroblast-like cells,smooth muscle cells,and tumor cells.It plays a major role in tissue injury,inflammation,tissue repair,and remodeling responses.CHI3L1 has been strongly associated with diseases including asthma,arthritis,sepsis,diabetes,liver fibrosis,and coronary artery disease.Moreover,following its initial identification in the culture supernatant of the MG63 osteosarcoma cell line,CHI3L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a wealth of both human cancers and animal tumor models.To date,interleukin-13 receptor subunit alpha-2,transmembrane protein 219,galectin-3,chemo-attractant receptor-homologous 2,and CD44 have been identified as CHI3L1 receptors.CHI3L1 signaling plays a critical role in cancer cell growth,proliferation,invasion,metastasis,angiogenesis,activation of tumor-associated macrophages,and Th2 polarization of CD4+T cells.Interestingly,CHI3L1-based targeted therapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of tumors including glioma and colon cancer as well as rheumatoid arthritis.This review summarizes the potential roles and mechanisms of CHI3L1 in oncogenesis and disease pathogenesis,then posits investigational strategies for targeted therapies.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of interferon-a (IFN-α) on preventing or reversing hepatic fibrosis in rat experimental model induced by CCI4. METHODS: One hundred and ten Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: group A (normal controls, n = 18), group B (fibrotic model controls, n = 22), group C (IFN-α prevention, n = 22) initially treated with intramuscular injection of IFN-a in saline daily at the doses of 1× 105 U for 6 wk, group D (IFN-a treatment, n = 24) treated with intra-muscular injection of IFN-a in saline daily at the doses of 1×105 U for 6 wk after the first 6 wk, group E (0.9% sodium chloride treatment control, n = 24) treated with intra-muscular injection of 0.01 mL/kg daily for 6 wk after the first 6 wk. At the end of the experiment, all rats of each group were killed. Samples of the liver obtained by biopsy were subjected to histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies for the expressions of transforming growth factor-pi (TGF- μ41) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). RESULTS: The expressions of TGF-pl, the number of activated hepatic stellate cells and a-SMA in hepatic tissue of group C were significantly less than those of group B (P<0.01). The degree of fibrosis score in group B was also significantly less than that of group C under light microscope (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: IFN-a can inhibit the production of TGF-pl, decrease HSC activation and stimulate its apoptosis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1262203, No. 41102058)a National Science and Technology Special Grant (No. 2011ZX05006-003)Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China
文摘There are three abnormally high porosity zones developed in buried Paleogene nearshore subaqueous fan and sublacustrine fan clastic＇reservoirs at 2,800-3,200 m, 3,250-3,700 m and 3,900- 4,400 m, respectively, within the Shengtuo area of the Dongying Sag. Here the porosity of reservoirs buried deeper than 4,000 m can still be greater than 20%. Investigation of these three abnormally high porosity （AHP） zones in the 3rd to 4th member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area was carried out with utilization of core observation, thin section identification, SEM observation, image analysis, core physical property testing and other technical methods. The results show that, the AHP zones in 2,800-3,200 m and 3,250-3,700 m are visible pores primary AHP zones dominated by significant primary intergranular pores （more than 50% of the total porosity）, while secondary pores and micropores in authigenic clays may develop in some reservoirs. AHP reservoirs in the AHP zone of 3,900-4,400 m are dominated by micropores in matrix, visible pores are mainly grain dissolution pores but with low absolute content （〈 1%）, so this zone belongs to the micropores primary AHP zone. The genesis of the three AHP zones was studied to distinguish between porosity enhancement and porosity preservation. Our research shows that, in deeply buried clastic reservoirs in the Shengtuo area, mineral dissolution occurred in a relatively closed diagenetic system with high temperature and high salinity. Reservoir rocks underwent extensive feldspar dissolution, while detrital carbonate grains and carbonate cements show no evidence of extensive dissolution. Although significant feldspar dissolution pores developed, feldspar dissolution enhanced porosity only a little due to the precipitation of almost isovolumetric dissolution products in the nearby primary intergranular pores in forms of authigenic clays and quartz cements. Net enhanced porosity originating from feldspar dissolution is generally less than 0.25%. Thus, the sub
基金supported by the Certificate of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2017T100523, 2015M582165)the National Science and Technology Special Fund (Nos. 2016ZX05006-007, 2016ZX05006-003)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41602142, 41372107)the Natural Foundation of Shandong Pronvince (No. ZR2016DB16)the Opening Fund of Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral (No. DMSM2017064)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 15CX08001A)
文摘The Paleozoic Wufeng-Longmaxi shale is one of the main horizons for shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. Outcrop, core and thin section observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, trace element geochemistry and other methods have been used to understand the sedimentary characteristics and identify hydrocarbon source rocks in suitable sedimentary paleoenvironments in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in northern Guizhou Province. The thickness of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation ranges from 20 to 200 m and it was mainly deposited on a deep-water shelf. The TOC content is high, up to 5.75%. The main non-organic minerals are detrital quartz and clay minerals, with a little plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, calcite, dolomite and pyrite. There is also biogenic microcrystalline quartz. Six lithofacies have been identified： siliceous shale, clay shale, calcareous shale, silty shale, carbonaceous shale, and muddy siltstone. Using biological Ba, V/（V＋Ni）, TOC, V/Cr, B, Sr/Ba and other indicators, we estimate primary productivity, redox conditions and paleosalinity and show that the early stage of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition occurred under strong anoxic conditions, high paleosalinity and yielded a high TOC content and an excellent potential shale gas source. The anoxic environment was destroyed at the late stages of Wufeng-Longmaxi deposition, the TOC content decreased, so that it is likely to be a high quality source rock. Organic pores acted as the key reservoir space in the shales, and the pores are mainly mesopose, with most pore diameters less than 20 nm. The siliceous shale has high TOC content and brittle mineral（quartz） content making it an important exploration target for shale oil and gas exploration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U1262203)the National Science and Technology Special Grant (Grant No.2011ZX05006-003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.14CX06070A)
文摘Deep-water gravity flows are one of the most important sediment transport mechanisms on Earth. After 60 years of study, significant achievements have been made in terms of classification schemes, genetic mechanisms, and depositional models of deep-water gravity flows. The research history of deep-water gravity flows can be divided into five stages： incipience of turbidity current theory; formation of turbidity current theory; development of deep-water gravity flow theory; improvement and perfection of deep-water gravity flow theory; and comprehensive development of deep-water gravity flow theory. Currently, three primary classification schemes based on the sediment support mechanism, the rheology and transportation process, and the integration of sediment support mechanisms, rheology, sedimentary characteristics, and flow state are commonly used.Different types of deep-water gravity flow events form different types of gravity flow deposits. Sediment slump retransportation mainly forms muddy debris flows, sandy debris flows, and surge-like turbidity currents. Resuspension of deposits by storms leads to quasi-steady hyperpycnal turbidity currents （hyperpycnal flows）. Sustainable sediment supplies mainly generate muddy debris flows, sandy debris flows, and hyperpycnal flows. Deep-water fans, which are commonly controlled by debris flows and hyperpycnal flows, are triggered by sustainable sediment supply; in contrast, deep-water slope sedimentary deposits consist mainly of debris flows that are triggered by the retransportation of sediment slumps and deep-water fine-grained sedimentary deposits are derived primarily from fine- grained hyperpycnal flows that are triggered by the resuspension of storm deposits. Harmonization of classification schemes, transformation between different types of gravity flow deposit, and monitoring and reproduction of the sedimentary processes of deep-water gravity flows as well as a source-to-sink approach to document the evolution and deposition of deep-water gravity flows are the
基金co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41102058)the National Science and Technology Special Grant (2011ZX05006-003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (12CX04001A)
文摘Diagenetic traps in conglomerate in nearshore subaqueous fans in the steep slope zones of rift basins have been important exploration targets for subtle reservoirs in eastern China. However, the mechanism of how those traps were formed is not clear, which inhibits further exploration for this type of reservoir. In order to solve the problem, we take as an example nearshore subaqueous fans in the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation （Es4s） on the north slope of the Minfeng Subsag in the Dongying Sag. Combining different research methods, such as core observation, thin section examination, scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation, fluid-inclusion analysis, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of carbonate cements, and analysis of core properties, we studied the genetic mechanisms of diagenetic traps on the basis of diagenetic environment evolution and diagenetic evolution sequence in different sub/micro-facies. Conglomerate in Es4s in the north Minfeng Subsag experienced several periods of transition between alkaline and acidic environments as ＂alkaline-acidic-alkaline-acidic-weak alkaline＂. As a result, dissolution and cementation are also very complex, and the sequence is ＂early pyrite cementation / siderite cementation / gypsum cementation / calcite and dolomite cementation- feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth quartz dissolution / ferroan calcite cementation / ankerite cementation / lime-mud matrix recrystallization / feldspar overgrowth carbonate dissolution / feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth / pyrite cementation＂. The difference in sedimentary characteristics between different sub/micro-facies of nearshore subaqueous fans controls diagenetic characteristics. Inner fan conglomerates mainly experienced compaction and lime-mud matrix recrystallization, with weak dissolution, which led to a reduction in the porosity and permeability crucial to reservoir formation. Lime-mud matrix recrystallization results in a rapid decrease in porosity and permeability in inne
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172094)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.21ZR1426700).
文摘As an emerging star in the family of two-dimensional(2D)materials,2D transition metal carbides,carbonitrides and nitrides,collectively referred to as MXenes,have large specific surface area,rich active sites,metallic conductivity and adjustable surface chemical properties.These features make MXenes promising candidates for gas-sensing materials.For the past few years,MXene-based sensors have drawn increasing attention due to their enhanced sensor performance.Based on this,this review systematically represents the structure,synthesis methods and properties of MXenes,and summarizes their applications in gas sensors.Firstly,the types,structure,main synthesis methods and properties of MXenes are introduced in a comprehensive way.Next,the corresponding design principle and working mechanism of MXene-based gas sensor are clarified.Subsequently,the sensing performances of pristine MXenes and the MXene-based nanocomposite are discussed.Finally,some future opportunities and challenges of MXene-based sensors are pointed out.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41872140, 41821002, 41911530189)the National Major Science and Technology Special Grant (Grant No. 2016ZX05006-007)+2 种基金the Special Fund for Taishan Scholar Project (Grant No. tsqn201909061)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 20CX06067A)the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) (Grant No. 2021QNLM020001)。
文摘Clastic rock reservoirs in petroliferous basins are generally rich in feldspars. Feldspar dissolution has developed widely in clastic reservoirs, and the resulting secondary pores are crucial in deeply buried reservoirs. Based on a study of the diagenesis of clastic reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin, Tarim Basin, and Pearl River Mouth Basin and physical and numerical simulation experiments of fluid-rock interactions, this paper proposed a successive formation model of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution in deeply buried clastic reservoirs, considering the global research progresses in feldspar dissolution in clastic rocks. Feldspar dissolution can occur from shallow open systems to deep-ultra deep closed systems in petroliferous basins, resulting in the successive formation of secondary pores at different diagenetic stages. The successive mechanism includes three aspects. The first aspect is the succession of corrosive fluids that dissolve minerals. Meteoric freshwater dominates at the Earth’s surface and the early diagenetic A stage. Subsequently, organic acids and COformed via kerogen maturation dominate at the early diagenetic B stage to the middle diagenetic stage. COand organic acids formed via hydrocarbon oxidation in hydrocarbon reservoirs dominate at the middle diagenetic B stage to the late diagenetic stage. The second aspect is the successive formation processes of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution. Large-scale feldspar secondary pores identified in deep reservoirs include secondary pores formed at shallow-medium depths that are subsequently preserved into deep layers, as well as secondary pores formed at deep depths. Existing secondary pores in deeply buried reservoirs are the superposition of successively feldspar dissolution caused by different acids at different stages. The third aspect is a successive change in the feldspar alteration pathways and porosity enhancement/preservation effect. Open to semi-open diagenetic systems are developed from the Earth’s surface to the early diagen
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42072164,42272119,41821002)the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.2020ZLYS08)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program,China(Grant No.TSQN201812030)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.2022CX06001A)。
文摘As important metal sulfides in the geochemical cycle of sulfur,the characteristics and formation processes of pyrites can provide useful clues regarding their environment.Based on previous findings,shale pyrites were divided into three major classes(euhedral pyrites,framboidal pyrites(framboids)and metasomatic pyrites)and six sub-classes in this study.At the microscopic scale,each type of pyrite is associated with a different formation process.Framboids are formed by burst nucleation in environments with a homogeneous distribution of nutrients while euhedral pyrites are usually formed on pre-existing sites(such as=FeS on the minerals surface)in the heterogeneous system.Metasomatic pyrites formed by the replacement of other ions in accountable material by iron ions and hydrogen sulfide ions in hydrothermal events.The morphology and isotope value of pyrite provide information to track the origins of their nutrient and characteristics of sulfur and iron pools.In addition,the trace element content of pyrite can serve as a proxy for paleo-ocean trace element abundance,indicating changes in atmospheric oxygen content.Additionally,pyrite can also serves as an indicator of shale gas reservoirs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3501600)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2022QNRC001)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2021C01191,2021C01190,2023C01077)。
文摘A novel micro structure of magnetically anisotropic Sm Co-based magnet with high-performance is reported.The magnet consists of SmCo_(7)-H(TbCu_(7)-hexagonal type),Sm_(2)Co_(17)-H(Th_(2)Ni_(17)-hexagonal type)and SmCo_(3)-R(SmCo_(3)-rhombohedral type)phases.The maximum magnetic energy product of the magnet is 231.69 kj/m^(3),and the intrinsic coercivity is 1005.47 kA/m.An outstanding intrinsic coercivity temperature coefficient(β)of-0.125%/K between 298 and 773 K is obtained,which is very close to theβof commercial high-temperature Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based sintered magnets.The initial magnetization curve indicates that the coercivity mechanism is controlled by a domain wall pinning mechanism.The SmCo_(3)-R lamellar phase may be a potential pinning center or self-pinning center.The microstructure of the magnet is different from that of any previous SmCo-based magnets.These findings provide a new idea for preparing high-performance SmCo-based permanent magnets.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62101073)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2021JJ30154 and 2022JJ40127)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.21B0557)Development and Reform Commission of Hunan Province 2021 Innovative Research and Development Project(No.10:Preparation and Electromagnetic Properties of Biochar Composites).
文摘Microwave absorbers with unique optical and mechanical performance are urgent for complex electromagnetic environment.Here,we demonstrate the mechanically flexible,optically transparent,and microwave-absorbing polyacrylamide(PAM)hydrogel,in which the polar water molecules with high polarization contribute to the efficient microwave attenuation,but the binding between water molecules and PAM will slow down the orientation polarization of polar molecules.Meanwhile,the dominated dielectric property of water molecules in PAM hydrogel determines that the molecules displacement in polymer mixture is feasible for manipulating permittivity.Besides,by decreasing temperature,the flexible and transparent hydrogel will switch to rigid and opaque state as the phase conversion between amorphous and polycrystal state.By constructing structures with such hydrogel,the obtained absorber also exhibits the optical and mechanical switchable properties,covering the effective absorption within 5.7-18 GHz.This work provides an effective method to fabricate optically and mechanically manipulable microwave absorbers for intelligent electromagnetic stealth systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072161)Innovation Research Group of the Natural Fund Committee(Grant No.41821002)and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22CX07008A)。
文摘The formation mechanism of micron-to centimeter-scale sedimentary cycles in lacustrine shales is a hot topic of research,because these small-scale sedimentary cycles significantly influence shale-oil distribution heterogeneity.High-frequency paleoenvironmental evolution is an important controlling factor for the formation of small-scale sedimentary cycles.However,the driving factors of high-frequency paleoenvironmental evolution and the formation process of sedimentary cycles under its constraint remain speculative.In this study,which focuses on lacustrine shales,we find that the alternating deposition of variable thickness of organic-rich lamina(ORL)and silty-grained felsic lamina(SSFL)form sedimentary cycles on the micron to centimeter scale in the Chang 73 sub-member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin.Based on detailed petrographic characterization,in-situ geochemical parameter testing,and high-resolution cycle analysis,the formation process of cyclical sedimentary records and related paleoenvironmental evolution are investigated.Three solar activity cycles were identified from the shales,namely the 360–500 yr,81–110 yr,and 30–57 yr cycles(cycles I,II,and III,respectively).Highfrequency paleoenvironmental evolution caused by solar activity induced lake-level fluctuation,which further controlled silty-grained sediment deposition and organic matter preservation in deep lake areas.Cycle I controlled relatively long-term lake-level fluctuation,driving several pairs of SSFL and ORL deposition at the centimeter scale.Cycles II and III were short-term cycles and acted on the millimeter to micrometer scale,further complicating the sedimentary strata forming during the period of lake-level fall induced by cycle I.The cyclic deposition of SSFL and ORL correspond to cycle III.Lake-level fluctuation influenced by cycle II mainly caused SSFL thickness variation in each lamina couplet.During the period of lake-level rise induced by cycle I,periods of lake level rise during cycles II,and III show cyclic varia
基金jointly funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(grants No.41402095 and U1262203)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grants No.16CX02027A and 15CX08001A)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(grant No.2015ASKJ01)
文摘The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs（beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member） in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western（eastern） reservoirs experienced early open（closed）, middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis（in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current）. Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows： early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandst
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2021YFB3501600)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (Nos.2021C01191 and 2021C01190).
文摘The excellent thermal stability of magnetic properties of Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets is their most impor-tant feature.However,this stability is reduced when the maximum energy product of Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets is improved,which is mainly determined by the Fe/Cu distribution of the 2:17R cell and 1:5H cell boundary phases.During the demagnetization process,the Cu-rich 1:5H cell boundary phase with a width of 2-15 nm obstructs the motion of the domain walls,yielding coercivity.Herein,we report a micron-scale Cu/Zr-rich and Fe-lean 1:5H-based precipitated phase with a lamellar structure,probably induced by Sm_(2)O_(3) doping.This structure enables the separate regulation of Fe and Cu distribution for Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets with Fe-rich 2:17R cell phases and Cu-rich 1:5H cell boundary phases,consid-erably optimizing the thermal stability of magnetic properties.This discovery can be further developed to produce Sm_(2)Co_(17)-based magnets with high performance and excellent thermal stability of magnetic properties.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2500300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82141122)+2 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2020-I2M-C&T-B084)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission Grant(21ZXGWSY00030)Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund(HH22KYZX0039).
文摘Patients with double-mutated CEBPA(CEBPAdm)AML were stratified into favorable risk group,however,few studies have investigated the heterogeneity of different CEBPAdm types in detail.In this study,we analyzed 2211 newly diagnosed AML and identified CEBPAdm in 10.8%of the patients.Within the CEBPAdm cohort,225 of 239 patients(94.14%)presented with bZIP region mutations(CEBPAdmbZIP)while 14 of 239 patients(5.86%)without bZIP region mutation(CEBPAdmnonbZIP).Analysis of the accompanied molecular mutations showed statistically different incidences of GATA2 mutations between the CEBPAdmbZIP group and the CEBPAdmnonbZIP group(30.29%vs 0%).In the analysis of outcomes,patients with CEBPAdmnonbZIP were associated with shorter overall survival(OS)censored at hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)during CR1 compared to those with CEBPAdmbZIP(hazard ratio(HR)=3.132,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.229–7.979,P=.017).Refractory or relapsed AML(R/RAML)patients with CEBPAdmnonbZIP were associated with shorter OS compared to those with CEBPAdmbZIP(HR=2.881,95%CI=1.021–8.131,P=.046).Taken together,AML with CEBPAdmbZIP and CEBPAdmnonbZIP showed different outcomes and might be regarded as distinctive AML entities.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China Project(No.41602138)National Science and Technology Special Grant(No.2016ZX05006007)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation-funded Project(2015M580617,2017T100524)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(15CX08001A)
文摘The study or pore characteristics is or great importance in reservoir evaluation,especially in deeply buried s andstone.It controls the storage mechanism and reservoir fluid properties of the permeable horizons.The first member of Eocene Shahejie Formation(Esl)sandstone is classified as feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose.The present research investigates the pore characteristics and reservoir features of the deeply buried sandstone reservoir of Esl member of Shahejie Formation.The techniques including thin-section petrography,mercury injection capillary pressure(MICP),scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscope images were used to demarcate the pores including primary intergranular pores and secondary intergranular,intragranular,dissolution and fracture pores.Mercury injection test and routine core analysis were led to demarcate the pore network characteristics of the studied reservoir.Pore size and pore throat size distribution are acquired from mercury injection test.Porosity values range from 0.5%to 30%,and permeability ranges 0.006-7000 mD.Pore radii of coarse-grained sandstone and fine-grained sandstone range from 0.2 to>4μm and 1 nm to 1.60μm,respectively,by MICP analysis.The mineral composition also plays an important role in protecting the pores with pressure from failure.Fractured sandstone and coarse-grained sandstone consist of large and interconnected pores that enhance the reservoir porosity and permeability,whereas fine-grained sandstone and siltstone consist of numerous pores but not well interconnected,and so they consist of high porosity with low permeability.
基金Supported by the Clinical Principal Discipline Foundation of Public Health Ministry of China,No.20012130
文摘AIM: To study the difference of gene expression profile changes in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and cardia intestinal metaplasia (CIM) and to screen the novel genes in the early stage by cDNA microarray.METHODS: cDNA retrotranscribed from an equal amount of mRNA from BE and CIM epithelial tissues was labeled with Cy3 and Cy5 fluorescence as probes. The mixed probe was hybridized with three pieces of BiostarH-40 s double dot human whole gene chip. The chips were scanned with a ScanArray 4000. The acquired images were analyzed using GenePix Pro 3.0 software.RESULTS: A total of 141 genes were screened out that exhibited different expression in all three chips. There were 74 upregulated and 67 downregulated genes in gene expression profiles of BE which were two times of that in CIM.CONCLUSION: There is a difference in gene expression level between BE and CIM epithelia. These 141 genes probably relate to the occurrence and development of BE and the progression to adenocarcinoma.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41802127,U1762217)China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05006-003)。
文摘The types,evolution processes,formation mechanisms,and depositional models of deep-water gravity flow deposits in a lacustrine rift basin are studied through core observation and systematic analysis.Massive transport of slide and slump,fluid transport of debris flow and turbidity currents are driven by gravity in deep-water lacustrine environment.The transformation between debris flow and turbidity current,and the transformation of turbidity current between supercritical and subcritical conditions are the main dynamic mechanisms of gravity flow deposits in a lake basin.The erosion of supercritical turbidity current controls the formation of gravity-flow channel.Debris flow deposition gives rise to tongue shape lobe rather than channel.Deep-water gravity flow deposits are of two origins,intrabasinal and extrabasinal.Intrabasinal gravity flow deposits occur as single tongue-shape lobe or fan of stacking multiple lobes.Extrabasinal gravity-flow deposits occur as sublacustrine fan with channel or single channel sand body.However,the nearshore subaqueous fan is characterized by fan of stacking multiple tongue shape lobes without channel.The differential diagenesis caused by differentiation in the nearshore subaqueous fan facies belt results in the formation of diagenetic trap.The extrabasinal gravity flow deposits are one of the important reasons for the abundant deep-water sand bodies in a lake basin.Slide mass-transport deposits form a very important type of lithologic trap near the delta front often ignored.The fine-grained sediment caused by flow transformation is the potential"sweet spot"of shale oil and gas.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB239002)the Joint Funds of the Shandong Science Foundation (No. ZR2016DL05)
文摘The Lower Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag, Junggar Basin is a typical tight-oil reservoir in China. For effective exploration and production, the formation of a high-quality reservoir must be thoroughly studied. In this work, the tight-oil reservoir was examined using a variety of methods, including core and thin-section observations, XRD, SEM, CL and fluid inclusion and isotope testing. The tight-oil reservoirs were primarily deposited in saline lake environments, which are dominated by variable admixture of dolomite, quartz, feldspar, tuff, calcite and pyrite. Nine main lithofacies were identified：（1） siliceous mudstone,（2） dolomitic siliceous mudstone,（3） dolomitic mudstone,（4） intraclast packstone/grainstone,（5） ooid grainstone,（6） bioclast grainstone,（7） dolomitic siltstone,（8） mixed siliclastic and intraclast grainstone and（9） brecciated dolomitic mudstone. The pore types are classified into four categories： primary intergranular, moldic, intercrystalline and fracture pores. The properties of tight-oil reservoirs are quite poor, with low porosity（ave. 7.85%） and permeability（ave. 0.110 mD） and a small pore-throat radius（ave. 0.086 μm）. The tight-oil reservoirs are dominated by the aggradation of a repetitive meter-scale sedimentary facies succession that records distinct lacustrine expansions and contractions. These tight carbonates have also undergone significant diagenetic alterations, such as dolomitization, dissolution, neomorphism and fracture created intercrystalline and moldic pores, vug and fractures; chemical and mechanical compaction and carbonate cementation have decreased the reservoir quality. Variations in reservoir quality in the Jimusar sag are due to a combination of lithofacies type, high-frequency cyclic depositional architecture, dissolution intensity, dolomitization and tectonic related deformation. This integrated study has helped in understanding the reservoir heterogeneity and hydrocarbon potential of the Jimusar fine-
