营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国2...营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国22个主要省市80家三甲医院共47488例16种常见恶性肿瘤住院患者,以患者主观整体评估(Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment,PG-SGA)评估患者营养状况,以定量评估区分营养不良严重程度:0~1分无营养不良,2~3分、4~8分、≥9分分别定义为可疑/轻度、中度、重度营养不良.方差分析比较不同特征肿瘤患者PG-SGA评分.肿瘤患者中、重度营养不良的发病率为58.2%(中度32.1%、重度26.1%),22.2%为可疑/轻度营养不良,只有19.6%的患者无营养不良.营养不良的发病存在瘤种、年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、治疗情况及地区差异:胰腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最高(9.58±5.74),乳腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最低(3.51±3.49);<45岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最低(4.84±4.50),≥70岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最高(7.82±5.10);女性肺癌(5.87vs.5.60,P=0.006)和胃癌(8.36 vs.7.81,P<0.001)PG-SGA评分高于男性;TNM分期较高的患者其PG-SGA评分也较高,其中胰腺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者PG-SGA评分最高,乳腺癌Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者PG-SGA评分均低于4分(3.05±2.83);接受手术治疗的患者PG-SGA评分最高(6.22±4.74),而目前还没有接受任何治疗的患者评分最低(5.61±4.68);华中区域PG-SGA评分最低(4.82±4.16),华东区域PG-SGA评分最高(7.31±5.53).此外,在某些肿瘤类型中,不同医疗保险类型、受教育水平、职业、居住地、民族的患者PG-SGA评分也有显著差异,农民、小学及以下低教育水平患者营养状况最差.68.78%的肿瘤患者没有获得任何营养治疗,重度营养不良(PG-SGA≥9)肿瘤患者的无营养治疗比例仍然高达55.03%.以上结果说明,中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良发生率展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （SFTS） is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus （SFTSV）. SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Jap...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （SFTS） is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus （SFTSV）. SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Japan. SFTSV undergoes rapid changes owing to evolution, gene mutations, and reassortment between different strains of SFTSV. In this review, we summarize the recent cases and general properties of SFTS, focusing on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, clinical features, and diagnostics of SFTSV in China. From 2010 to October 2016, SFTS cases were reported in 23 provinces of China, with increased numbers yearly. Infection and death cases are mainly found in central China, where the Haemaphysalis Iongicornis ticks are spread. The national average mortality rate of SFTS infection was 5.3%, with higher risk to elder people. The main epidemic period was from May to July, with a peak in May. Thus, SFTS reminds a significant public health problem, and development of prophylactic vaccines and effective antiviral drugs will be highly needed.展开更多
Background:A patient’s infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids,secretions,and excreta.The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 ...Background:A patient’s infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids,secretions,and excreta.The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)remain unclear.This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19,providing further evidence to improve the management of patients during convalescence.Methods:The clinical data and laboratory test results of convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to from January 20,2020 to February 10,2020 were collected retrospectively.The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)results for patients’oropharyngeal swab,stool,urine,and serum samples were collected and analyzed.Convalescent patients refer to recovered non-febrile patients without respiratory symptoms who had two successive(minimum 24 h sampling interval)negative RT-PCR results for viral RNA from oropharyngeal swabs.The effects of cluster of differentiation 4(CD4)+T lymphocytes,inflammatory indicators,and glucocorticoid treatment on viral nucleic acid clearance were analyzed.Results:In the 292 confirmed cases,66 patients recovered after treatment and were included in our study.In total,28(42.4%)women and 38 men(57.6%)with a median age of 44.0(34.0-62.0)years were analyzed.After in-hospital treatment,patients’inflammatory indicators decreased with improved clinical condition.The median time from the onset of symptoms to first negative RT-PCR results for oropharyngeal swabs in convalescent patients was 9.5(6.0-11.0)days.By February 10,2020,11 convalescent patients(16.7%)still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens and the other 55 patients’stool specimens were negative for 2019-nCoV following a median duration of 11.0(9.0-16.0)days after symptom onset.Among these 55 patients,43 had a longer duration until stool specimens were negative for viral RNA than for throat swabs,with 展开更多
智能软开关（soft open point,SOP）是安装于传统联络开关处的电力电子装置,能够快速、准确地控制自身功率流动,改变系统功率分布,进而改善整个配电系统的运行状态。在配电网发生故障并隔离后,SOP可以为失电区域提供有效的电压支撑,提...智能软开关（soft open point,SOP）是安装于传统联络开关处的电力电子装置,能够快速、准确地控制自身功率流动,改变系统功率分布,进而改善整个配电系统的运行状态。在配电网发生故障并隔离后,SOP可以为失电区域提供有效的电压支撑,提高配电系统的供电恢复能力。首先,对SOP的主要功能和数学模型进行阐述,给出考虑SOP的配电网故障恢复流程;其次,提出基于SOP的有源配电网供电恢复模型,这一模型本质上属于大规模非线性规划模型,采用二阶锥规划方法进行模型转化和求解;最后,在IEEE 33节点测试算例上进行分析验证,得到影响SOP供电恢复能力的因素,并在不同的分布式电源条件下进行对比分析,验证所提模型的正确性和有效性。展开更多
Tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged cartilage and bone tissue. Among the scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications, injectable hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for u...Tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged cartilage and bone tissue. Among the scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications, injectable hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for use as three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds in cartilage and bone tissue engineering, owing to their high water content, similarity to the natural extracellular matrix(ECM), porous framework for cell transplantation and proliferation, minimal invasive properties, and ability to match irregular defects. In this review, we describe the selection of appropriate biomaterials and fabrication methods to prepare novel injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. In addition, the biology of cartilage and the bony ECM is also summarized. Finally, future perspectives for injectable hydrogels in cartilage and bone tissue engineering are discussed.展开更多
Dear Editor Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is one of the world＇s most important staple crops and a powerful model system for studying monocot spe- cies because of its relatively small genome, rich genomic re- sources, and ...Dear Editor Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is one of the world＇s most important staple crops and a powerful model system for studying monocot spe- cies because of its relatively small genome, rich genomic re- sources, and a highly efficient transformation system. With the completion of rice genome sequencing, the challenge of the post-genomic era is to systematically analyze the functions of all rice genes. Gene knockout is a frequently used and effective strategy for achieving this goal. Thus, generation of large-scale mutants at the whole-genome level is of great value for both func- tional genomics and genetic improvement of rice. Traditionally,展开更多
背景与目的分析胸外科术后重症患者住重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit, ICU)期间的下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis, DVT)发生率与凝血指标。方法回顾性分析2016年7月-2018年6月接受物理预防血栓的胸外科术后重症患者,将...背景与目的分析胸外科术后重症患者住重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit, ICU)期间的下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis, DVT)发生率与凝血指标。方法回顾性分析2016年7月-2018年6月接受物理预防血栓的胸外科术后重症患者,将床旁下肢静脉超声、血常规、凝血四项、血栓弹力图等结果完善的病例纳入研究,对发生血栓人群的一般信息、病种、手术方式、凝血指标等进行分析。结果共纳入患者50例,年龄22岁-80岁,男34例,女16例。共有11例患者出现小腿深静脉血栓(22.0%),男性发生术后血栓的比例为29.4%(10/34),女性为6.3%(1/16)。恶性肿瘤的DVT发生率为23.5%(8/34),非恶性肿瘤的发生率为18.6%(3/16)。比较发生血栓和未发生血栓组的血小板计数、凝血四项、血栓弹力图等,除活化部分凝血活酶时间血栓组较无血栓组显著延长外,余无统计学差异。结论即便在充分物理预防的基础上,胸科术后重症患者下肢深静脉血栓仍为高发,且男性、恶性肿瘤患者多见;术后超声筛查有助于早期发现DVT。展开更多
目的评估氨磺必利片治疗精神分裂症急性发作患者的疗效和安全性。方法根据ICD-10精神分裂症的诊断标准，纳入急性发作患者144例，给予可调节剂量氨磺必利片单药治疗8周；治疗初始剂量为200 mg/d，依据患者的临床状况调节氨磺必利片的剂...目的评估氨磺必利片治疗精神分裂症急性发作患者的疗效和安全性。方法根据ICD-10精神分裂症的诊断标准，纳入急性发作患者144例，给予可调节剂量氨磺必利片单药治疗8周；治疗初始剂量为200 mg/d，依据患者的临床状况调节氨磺必利片的剂量，推荐治疗量为800 mg/d，最大剂量为1 200 mg/d。分别于基线、治疗第2、4、8周采用PANSS，于基线及治疗第8周采用临床总体印象量表-严重程度和总体改善（CGI-S, CGI-I）、个人与社会功能量表（Personal and Social Performance Scale,PSP）评估临床疗效；采用UKU（Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogeser）不良反应评估量表、血生化指标和心电图等评估治疗的安全性。分别采用符合方案和安全性数据集分析氨磺必利片的疗效和安全性。结果共132例完成临床研究，脱落12例；经8周治疗，急性发作精神分裂症患者PANSS阳性症状分[（22.0±6.6）分与（10.0±3.8）分]、阴性症状分[（22.7±7.7）分与（13.9±6.8）分]、一般精神病理分[（41.6±9.0）分与（25.1±7.4）分]、总分[（86.5±16.0）分与（49.0±16.0）分]均显著降低（均P〈0.01）；PANSS总分有效率（PANSS总分减分率≥50%）为77.3%（102/132），CGI-I有效率为75.8%（100/132）；阳性症状亚组PANSS总分有效率优于阴性症状亚组（χ^2=9.52，P〈0.01）；经8周治疗，个人与社会表现量表总分显著提高（t=18.10，P〈0.01）；不良反应主要为锥体外系不良反应（29.2%）和催乳素升高（23.6%）。结论氨磺必利片可有效缓解精神分裂症急性发作患者的精神病理症状，最常见的不良反应为锥体外系不良反应和泌乳素升高，未见其他抗精神病药未发生的不良反应。展开更多
Objective： Intrauterine adhesion （IUA） is a major health problem that causes infertility, menstrual irregularities, and recurrent pregnancy losses in women. Unfortunately, treatments for IUA are limited, and there ...Objective： Intrauterine adhesion （IUA） is a major health problem that causes infertility, menstrual irregularities, and recurrent pregnancy losses in women. Unfortunately, treatments for IUA are limited, and there are currently no effective strategies for preventing IUA recurrence. In this review, we introduced the role of Hippo signaling in the normal endometrium and IUA and described the mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway integrates with the Wnt and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling pathways to form an intricate network governing the development of fibrosis. Data Sources： Original research articles in English that were published until July 2017 were collected from the PubMed database. Study Selection： Literature search was conducted using the search terms ＂endometrial fibrosis OR fibrosis AND or OR intrauterine adhesion OR Asherman syndrome OR IUA,＂ ＂Hippo AND or OR Hippo/TAZ,＂ ＂TGF-β,＂ and ＂Wnt.＂ Related original research articles were included in the comprehensive analysis. Results： Endometrial fibrosis is recognized as a key pathological event in the development of IUA, which is characterized by epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Myofibroblasts play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of fibrous scarring, and myofibroblast differentiation can be triggered by multiple signaling pathways. H ippo signaling is a critical regulator of the epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and α-smooth muscle actin, which exhibits a specific spatiotemporal expression in the endometrium. Conclusions： Hippo signaling plays a critical role in fibrous diseases and participates in cross talks with Wnt and TGF-β signaling. Our findings not only contributed to knowledge on the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis, but can also serve as a useful resource for developing specific molecular inhibitors for IUA treatment and prevention.展开更多
文摘营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国22个主要省市80家三甲医院共47488例16种常见恶性肿瘤住院患者,以患者主观整体评估(Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment,PG-SGA)评估患者营养状况,以定量评估区分营养不良严重程度:0~1分无营养不良,2~3分、4~8分、≥9分分别定义为可疑/轻度、中度、重度营养不良.方差分析比较不同特征肿瘤患者PG-SGA评分.肿瘤患者中、重度营养不良的发病率为58.2%(中度32.1%、重度26.1%),22.2%为可疑/轻度营养不良,只有19.6%的患者无营养不良.营养不良的发病存在瘤种、年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、治疗情况及地区差异:胰腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最高(9.58±5.74),乳腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最低(3.51±3.49);<45岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最低(4.84±4.50),≥70岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最高(7.82±5.10);女性肺癌(5.87vs.5.60,P=0.006)和胃癌(8.36 vs.7.81,P<0.001)PG-SGA评分高于男性;TNM分期较高的患者其PG-SGA评分也较高,其中胰腺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者PG-SGA评分最高,乳腺癌Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者PG-SGA评分均低于4分(3.05±2.83);接受手术治疗的患者PG-SGA评分最高(6.22±4.74),而目前还没有接受任何治疗的患者评分最低(5.61±4.68);华中区域PG-SGA评分最低(4.82±4.16),华东区域PG-SGA评分最高(7.31±5.53).此外,在某些肿瘤类型中,不同医疗保险类型、受教育水平、职业、居住地、民族的患者PG-SGA评分也有显著差异,农民、小学及以下低教育水平患者营养状况最差.68.78%的肿瘤患者没有获得任何营养治疗,重度营养不良(PG-SGA≥9)肿瘤患者的无营养治疗比例仍然高达55.03%.以上结果说明,中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良发生率
基金supported by grants from the China Mega-Project for Infectious Diseases (2012ZX10004207)the China-US Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (S2012Y03)+1 种基金the key project of the Health Ministry of Hubei Province (JX5A06)the Hubei Provincial Outstanding Medical Academic Leader program
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （SFTS） is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus （SFTSV）. SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Japan. SFTSV undergoes rapid changes owing to evolution, gene mutations, and reassortment between different strains of SFTSV. In this review, we summarize the recent cases and general properties of SFTS, focusing on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, clinical features, and diagnostics of SFTSV in China. From 2010 to October 2016, SFTS cases were reported in 23 provinces of China, with increased numbers yearly. Infection and death cases are mainly found in central China, where the Haemaphysalis Iongicornis ticks are spread. The national average mortality rate of SFTS infection was 5.3%, with higher risk to elder people. The main epidemic period was from May to July, with a peak in May. Thus, SFTS reminds a significant public health problem, and development of prophylactic vaccines and effective antiviral drugs will be highly needed.
基金The work was supported by grants from the First-class university and first-class discipline building project of the Fudan University(No.IDF162005)the Scientific research for special subjects on 2019 novel coronavirus(No.2019-nCoV)the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center(No.2020YJKY01)。
文摘Background:A patient’s infectivity is determined by the presence of the virus in different body fluids,secretions,and excreta.The persistence and clearance of viral RNA from different specimens of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)remain unclear.This study analyzed the clearance time and factors influencing 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)RNA in different samples from patients with COVID-19,providing further evidence to improve the management of patients during convalescence.Methods:The clinical data and laboratory test results of convalescent patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to from January 20,2020 to February 10,2020 were collected retrospectively.The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)results for patients’oropharyngeal swab,stool,urine,and serum samples were collected and analyzed.Convalescent patients refer to recovered non-febrile patients without respiratory symptoms who had two successive(minimum 24 h sampling interval)negative RT-PCR results for viral RNA from oropharyngeal swabs.The effects of cluster of differentiation 4(CD4)+T lymphocytes,inflammatory indicators,and glucocorticoid treatment on viral nucleic acid clearance were analyzed.Results:In the 292 confirmed cases,66 patients recovered after treatment and were included in our study.In total,28(42.4%)women and 38 men(57.6%)with a median age of 44.0(34.0-62.0)years were analyzed.After in-hospital treatment,patients’inflammatory indicators decreased with improved clinical condition.The median time from the onset of symptoms to first negative RT-PCR results for oropharyngeal swabs in convalescent patients was 9.5(6.0-11.0)days.By February 10,2020,11 convalescent patients(16.7%)still tested positive for viral RNA from stool specimens and the other 55 patients’stool specimens were negative for 2019-nCoV following a median duration of 11.0(9.0-16.0)days after symptom onset.Among these 55 patients,43 had a longer duration until stool specimens were negative for viral RNA than for throat swabs,with
文摘智能软开关（soft open point,SOP）是安装于传统联络开关处的电力电子装置,能够快速、准确地控制自身功率流动,改变系统功率分布,进而改善整个配电系统的运行状态。在配电网发生故障并隔离后,SOP可以为失电区域提供有效的电压支撑,提高配电系统的供电恢复能力。首先,对SOP的主要功能和数学模型进行阐述,给出考虑SOP的配电网故障恢复流程;其次,提出基于SOP的有源配电网供电恢复模型,这一模型本质上属于大规模非线性规划模型,采用二阶锥规划方法进行模型转化和求解;最后,在IEEE 33节点测试算例上进行分析验证,得到影响SOP供电恢复能力的因素,并在不同的分布式电源条件下进行对比分析,验证所提模型的正确性和有效性。
基金supported by NSFC (nos 61471168, 61571187,61301043,and 61527806)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2016T90403)the Economical Forest Cultivation and Utilization of 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center in Hunan Province [(2013)448]
文摘Tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged cartilage and bone tissue. Among the scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications, injectable hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for use as three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds in cartilage and bone tissue engineering, owing to their high water content, similarity to the natural extracellular matrix(ECM), porous framework for cell transplantation and proliferation, minimal invasive properties, and ability to match irregular defects. In this review, we describe the selection of appropriate biomaterials and fabrication methods to prepare novel injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. In addition, the biology of cartilage and the bony ECM is also summarized. Finally, future perspectives for injectable hydrogels in cartilage and bone tissue engineering are discussed.
文摘Dear Editor Rice （Oryza sativa L.） is one of the world＇s most important staple crops and a powerful model system for studying monocot spe- cies because of its relatively small genome, rich genomic re- sources, and a highly efficient transformation system. With the completion of rice genome sequencing, the challenge of the post-genomic era is to systematically analyze the functions of all rice genes. Gene knockout is a frequently used and effective strategy for achieving this goal. Thus, generation of large-scale mutants at the whole-genome level is of great value for both func- tional genomics and genetic improvement of rice. Traditionally,
文摘背景与目的分析胸外科术后重症患者住重症加强护理病房(intensive care unit, ICU)期间的下肢深静脉血栓(deep venous thrombosis, DVT)发生率与凝血指标。方法回顾性分析2016年7月-2018年6月接受物理预防血栓的胸外科术后重症患者,将床旁下肢静脉超声、血常规、凝血四项、血栓弹力图等结果完善的病例纳入研究,对发生血栓人群的一般信息、病种、手术方式、凝血指标等进行分析。结果共纳入患者50例,年龄22岁-80岁,男34例,女16例。共有11例患者出现小腿深静脉血栓(22.0%),男性发生术后血栓的比例为29.4%(10/34),女性为6.3%(1/16)。恶性肿瘤的DVT发生率为23.5%(8/34),非恶性肿瘤的发生率为18.6%(3/16)。比较发生血栓和未发生血栓组的血小板计数、凝血四项、血栓弹力图等,除活化部分凝血活酶时间血栓组较无血栓组显著延长外,余无统计学差异。结论即便在充分物理预防的基础上,胸科术后重症患者下肢深静脉血栓仍为高发,且男性、恶性肿瘤患者多见;术后超声筛查有助于早期发现DVT。
文摘目的评估氨磺必利片治疗精神分裂症急性发作患者的疗效和安全性。方法根据ICD-10精神分裂症的诊断标准，纳入急性发作患者144例，给予可调节剂量氨磺必利片单药治疗8周；治疗初始剂量为200 mg/d，依据患者的临床状况调节氨磺必利片的剂量，推荐治疗量为800 mg/d，最大剂量为1 200 mg/d。分别于基线、治疗第2、4、8周采用PANSS，于基线及治疗第8周采用临床总体印象量表-严重程度和总体改善（CGI-S, CGI-I）、个人与社会功能量表（Personal and Social Performance Scale,PSP）评估临床疗效；采用UKU（Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogeser）不良反应评估量表、血生化指标和心电图等评估治疗的安全性。分别采用符合方案和安全性数据集分析氨磺必利片的疗效和安全性。结果共132例完成临床研究，脱落12例；经8周治疗，急性发作精神分裂症患者PANSS阳性症状分[（22.0±6.6）分与（10.0±3.8）分]、阴性症状分[（22.7±7.7）分与（13.9±6.8）分]、一般精神病理分[（41.6±9.0）分与（25.1±7.4）分]、总分[（86.5±16.0）分与（49.0±16.0）分]均显著降低（均P〈0.01）；PANSS总分有效率（PANSS总分减分率≥50%）为77.3%（102/132），CGI-I有效率为75.8%（100/132）；阳性症状亚组PANSS总分有效率优于阴性症状亚组（χ^2=9.52，P〈0.01）；经8周治疗，个人与社会表现量表总分显著提高（t=18.10，P〈0.01）；不良反应主要为锥体外系不良反应（29.2%）和催乳素升高（23.6%）。结论氨磺必利片可有效缓解精神分裂症急性发作患者的精神病理症状，最常见的不良反应为锥体外系不良反应和泌乳素升高，未见其他抗精神病药未发生的不良反应。
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81601236 and No. 81471505）.
文摘Objective： Intrauterine adhesion （IUA） is a major health problem that causes infertility, menstrual irregularities, and recurrent pregnancy losses in women. Unfortunately, treatments for IUA are limited, and there are currently no effective strategies for preventing IUA recurrence. In this review, we introduced the role of Hippo signaling in the normal endometrium and IUA and described the mechanisms by which the Hippo pathway integrates with the Wnt and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） signaling pathways to form an intricate network governing the development of fibrosis. Data Sources： Original research articles in English that were published until July 2017 were collected from the PubMed database. Study Selection： Literature search was conducted using the search terms ＂endometrial fibrosis OR fibrosis AND or OR intrauterine adhesion OR Asherman syndrome OR IUA,＂ ＂Hippo AND or OR Hippo/TAZ,＂ ＂TGF-β,＂ and ＂Wnt.＂ Related original research articles were included in the comprehensive analysis. Results： Endometrial fibrosis is recognized as a key pathological event in the development of IUA, which is characterized by epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition. Myofibroblasts play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of fibrous scarring, and myofibroblast differentiation can be triggered by multiple signaling pathways. H ippo signaling is a critical regulator of the epithelial/fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and α-smooth muscle actin, which exhibits a specific spatiotemporal expression in the endometrium. Conclusions： Hippo signaling plays a critical role in fibrous diseases and participates in cross talks with Wnt and TGF-β signaling. Our findings not only contributed to knowledge on the pathogenesis of endometrial fibrosis, but can also serve as a useful resource for developing specific molecular inhibitors for IUA treatment and prevention.
