Background: Access to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria is still highly restricted. Only patients who are symptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 are selected for testing. This pattern of testing will miss a large proportion of in...Background: Access to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria is still highly restricted. Only patients who are symptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 are selected for testing. This pattern of testing will miss a large proportion of individuals with the infection who are asymptomatic and presymptomatic. This study reports the experience of a symptom-based study from a large testing centre in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study, reviewing data collected from respondents presenting at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) modified drive-through center for COVID-19 test between the period March 31st and August 31st, 2020 were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 9891 participants were recruited into the study and 2465 participants (24.9%) had a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of the respondents were above 18 years old, n = 9163 (93.4%). The average age of the respondents was 36.7 years (sd 13.8 years). The age of the participants has a significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 status (AOR = 1.009, CI, 1.005 to 1.012, p = 0.0001). There was a male preponderance, n = 5652 (57.6%). The odds of having a positive status for SARS-CoV-2 were 0.9 times lower for female participants. The majority of the respondents had a history of travel, n = 6788 (68.6%). Cough was the commonest symptom, n = 1062 (10.7%) followed by fever, n = 979 (9.9%). The mortality rate was 0.1%. Among the participants with comorbidity, 31 (51.7%) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 while 29 (48.3%) had negative results. Conclusion: Symptom-based approach to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria revealed a high positivity rate, while mortality from those tested in the study is low. Age and gender appear to play a significant role in the dynamics of the disease.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The obj...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The objective of this study is to determine the burden of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in the general population. Five (5 mLs) of blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasite test. The malaria test was performed using a commercially available one-step malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pf HRP-II) rapid test kit. The results of the study showed that the participants that were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 IgG and malaria were 13 (2.5%) in Lagos, 1114 (39.1%) in Delta and 49 (2.3%) in Sokoto States. The prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in urban areas in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 7 (2.2%), 1373 (48.1%), and 5 (0.2%) respectively. In rural areas, the prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 6 (0.3%), 365 (12.8%), and 44 (2.1%) respectively in this study. This suggests that participants in the urban areas were more prone to co-infections than the rural areas in Lagos and Delta states, while it was otherwise in Sokoto State. In conclusion, the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria was very high in Delta State compared to the other States. It is important for clinics to screen for both diseases when patients present with symptoms of malaria. This is because the infections have similar symptoms and the public is quick to assume malaria infection without diagnosing for COVID-19 and vice versa.展开更多
A major challenge in the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) is emergence of Multi-Drug Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MDRTB) strains. Efflux genes have been established to be among factors for ...A major challenge in the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) is emergence of Multi-Drug Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MDRTB) strains. Efflux genes have been established to be among factors for drug resistance in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>M. tuberculosis</em>) pulmonary infections by conferring bacterial ability to pump-out drugs from intracellular compartment, making it impossible for drugs to attain intracellular concentration lethal to the organism. There is paucity of data on the role of efflux pump in MDRTB in Nigerian strains of<em> M. tuberculosis</em>. Hence, the aim of this study was to detect the carriage, distribution and frequency of efflux pump genes among MDRTB and non-MDRTB isolates from participants with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos, Nigeria. This study was carried out on <em>M. tuberculosis</em> isolated from 1020 participants suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 78 <em>M. tuberculosis</em> isolates were obtained from the participants suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis. Forty Eight isolates were confirmed as MDRTB and 30 non-MDRTB. Efflux pump genes were investigated in the isolates using the conventional polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 20) to compare the efflux pump gene results between MDRTB and non- MDRTB isolates. Different efflux genes types and frequency were detected in MDRTB and non-MDRTB isolates. Carriage of 2 or more alleles of efflux gene types Rv2486c (efpA), Rv2459c (jefA), Rv1877, Rv1002c, Rv0342, Rv2686c and drrC associated with MDR were detected. Additionally, the frequency of efflux genes alleles in MDRTB was significantly different from those in non- MDRTB isolates.展开更多
文摘Background: Access to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria is still highly restricted. Only patients who are symptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 are selected for testing. This pattern of testing will miss a large proportion of individuals with the infection who are asymptomatic and presymptomatic. This study reports the experience of a symptom-based study from a large testing centre in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study, reviewing data collected from respondents presenting at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) modified drive-through center for COVID-19 test between the period March 31st and August 31st, 2020 were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 9891 participants were recruited into the study and 2465 participants (24.9%) had a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of the respondents were above 18 years old, n = 9163 (93.4%). The average age of the respondents was 36.7 years (sd 13.8 years). The age of the participants has a significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 status (AOR = 1.009, CI, 1.005 to 1.012, p = 0.0001). There was a male preponderance, n = 5652 (57.6%). The odds of having a positive status for SARS-CoV-2 were 0.9 times lower for female participants. The majority of the respondents had a history of travel, n = 6788 (68.6%). Cough was the commonest symptom, n = 1062 (10.7%) followed by fever, n = 979 (9.9%). The mortality rate was 0.1%. Among the participants with comorbidity, 31 (51.7%) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 while 29 (48.3%) had negative results. Conclusion: Symptom-based approach to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria revealed a high positivity rate, while mortality from those tested in the study is low. Age and gender appear to play a significant role in the dynamics of the disease.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Plasmodium species are the causative agents of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and malaria respectively with similar clinical presentations. The objective of this study is to determine the burden of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in the general population. Five (5 mLs) of blood samples were collected for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria parasite test. The malaria test was performed using a commercially available one-step malaria antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (Pf HRP-II) rapid test kit. The results of the study showed that the participants that were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 IgG and malaria were 13 (2.5%) in Lagos, 1114 (39.1%) in Delta and 49 (2.3%) in Sokoto States. The prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in urban areas in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 7 (2.2%), 1373 (48.1%), and 5 (0.2%) respectively. In rural areas, the prevalence of coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States were 6 (0.3%), 365 (12.8%), and 44 (2.1%) respectively in this study. This suggests that participants in the urban areas were more prone to co-infections than the rural areas in Lagos and Delta states, while it was otherwise in Sokoto State. In conclusion, the co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and malaria was very high in Delta State compared to the other States. It is important for clinics to screen for both diseases when patients present with symptoms of malaria. This is because the infections have similar symptoms and the public is quick to assume malaria infection without diagnosing for COVID-19 and vice versa.
文摘A major challenge in the treatment of Tuberculosis (TB) is emergence of Multi-Drug Resistant <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (MDRTB) strains. Efflux genes have been established to be among factors for drug resistance in <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (<em>M. tuberculosis</em>) pulmonary infections by conferring bacterial ability to pump-out drugs from intracellular compartment, making it impossible for drugs to attain intracellular concentration lethal to the organism. There is paucity of data on the role of efflux pump in MDRTB in Nigerian strains of<em> M. tuberculosis</em>. Hence, the aim of this study was to detect the carriage, distribution and frequency of efflux pump genes among MDRTB and non-MDRTB isolates from participants with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos, Nigeria. This study was carried out on <em>M. tuberculosis</em> isolated from 1020 participants suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos State, Nigeria. A total of 78 <em>M. tuberculosis</em> isolates were obtained from the participants suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis. Forty Eight isolates were confirmed as MDRTB and 30 non-MDRTB. Efflux pump genes were investigated in the isolates using the conventional polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 20) to compare the efflux pump gene results between MDRTB and non- MDRTB isolates. Different efflux genes types and frequency were detected in MDRTB and non-MDRTB isolates. Carriage of 2 or more alleles of efflux gene types Rv2486c (efpA), Rv2459c (jefA), Rv1877, Rv1002c, Rv0342, Rv2686c and drrC associated with MDR were detected. Additionally, the frequency of efflux genes alleles in MDRTB was significantly different from those in non- MDRTB isolates.
