OBJECTIVE:To summarize the evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)practice in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and provide timely clinical practice guidance.METHODS:The guidelines were develo...OBJECTIVE:To summarize the evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)practice in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and provide timely clinical practice guidance.METHODS:The guidelines were developed in accordance with the World Health Organization rapid guideline process.The evidence on TCM for COVID-19 from published guidelines,direct and indirect published clinical evidence,first hand clinical data,and expert experience and consensus were collected.The grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE)method was used to grade the evidence and make the recommendations.RESULTS:Based on the available evidence,the guidelines recommended 17 Chinese medicines for COVID-19:2 Chinese herbal granules,7 Chinese patent medicines,and 8 Chinese herbal injections.CONCLUSION:As the literature search was conducted on March,any subsequent versions of these guidelines require an up-to-date literature review.We hope that the evidence summary in these guidelines will be helpful in global efforts to address COVID-19.展开更多
临床循证决策过程中需要基于最佳证据,综合考虑干预措施利弊大小、证据确信度、成本与可行性等因素。通过制定患者健康结局指标效应量决策阈值(decision threshold of effect size,DTES),能够帮助利益相关者理解干预措施利弊大小、评估...临床循证决策过程中需要基于最佳证据,综合考虑干预措施利弊大小、证据确信度、成本与可行性等因素。通过制定患者健康结局指标效应量决策阈值(decision threshold of effect size,DTES),能够帮助利益相关者理解干预措施利弊大小、评估证据确信度和解读研究结果。MERGE工作组充分借鉴国际经验,通过小组讨论、半结构化访谈、专家共识和试点应用,开发了一套包括8个步骤的健康结局指标DTES制定方法指南,包括:必要性评估、组建工作组、遴选患者重要结局、基于最佳证据制作情景示例、设计专家函询问卷、分析专家涵询结果、面对面专家共识以及推广应用与后效评价。DTES指南的开发,以期为利益相关者制定不同领域健康结局指标的DTES提供方法指导。展开更多
The solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is widely recognized as a critical factor leading to the capacity fading of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Although SEI stress-related mechanical failure caused by the expansion or co...The solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is widely recognized as a critical factor leading to the capacity fading of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Although SEI stress-related mechanical failure caused by the expansion or contraction of active materials upon cycles is well documented,previously reported SEI components and overpotential varying phenomena due to SEI stress and their effects on the electrochemical performance are poorly understood.Here,we establish a quantitative correlation between capacity fading and the SEI stress by considering its effects on side reactions,especially SEI component evolution,in a multiscale mechanical-electrochemical coupling model.Furthermore,the capacity fading behaviors of two typical cells(Li[NiMnCo]O_(2) as the cathode,and graphite and silicon as the anode,respectively)were adopted as numerical examples to demonstrate its potential utility and applications.Stress within the SEI was indeed found to play a predominant role in the capacity fading of the graphite and silicon anodes,resulting in 27%and 69%of the total capacity loss after 200 and 100 cycles at 1 C,respectively.This study provides valuable mechanical insights into the variations of SEI properties related to the capacity degradation and SEI optimization and design for LIBs.展开更多
Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus)have evolved a wide thermoneutral zone(26.5-38.9°C)and high upper critical temperature,and appear to have a high tolerance for heat exposure.Here,we use a metabolomic...Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus)have evolved a wide thermoneutral zone(26.5-38.9°C)and high upper critical temperature,and appear to have a high tolerance for heat exposure.Here,we use a metabolomic approach to measure global metabolite profiles for gerbils between lower(27°C)and upper critical temperatures(38°C)to investigate the role of metabolomic characterization in maintaining basal metabolic rates within a wide thermoneutral zone.We found that in serum and liver,14 and 19 metabolites were significantly altered,respectively.In the aerobic respiration-related tricarboxylic cycle(TCA),5 intermediates(isocitric acid,cis-aconitic acid,α-ketoglutaric acid,fumaric acid and malic acid)were increased in serum in 38°C animals;however,no such increase was found in the liver.A stable level of hepatic TCA cycle intermediates may be related to the steady state of aerobic respiration at 38°C.Metabolomic results also revealed that acute heat exposure caused increased oxidative stress and low molecular weight antioxidants in Mongolian gerbils.Increased methionine and 2-hydroxybutyrate suggest an accelerated synthesis of glutathione.Increased urate and its precursors,inosine and hypoxanthine,were detected at 38°C.Glucuronate,threonate and oxalate involved in ascorbate synthesis and degradation were increased in serum at 38°C.In conclusion,although dramatic metabolomic variation was found,a stable hepatic TCA cycle may contribute to maintaining a constant basal metabolic rate within a wide thermoneutral zone in Mongolian gerbils.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China Research on the Development and Evaluation of International Standards of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2019YFC17120002019YFC1712005+2 种基金2019YFC1712003)National Science and Technology Major Project"The Belt and Road"Popularization and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Project for Infectious Diseases(No.2018ZX10101001-005-0032018ZX10101001-005-004)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To summarize the evidence from Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)practice in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and provide timely clinical practice guidance.METHODS:The guidelines were developed in accordance with the World Health Organization rapid guideline process.The evidence on TCM for COVID-19 from published guidelines,direct and indirect published clinical evidence,first hand clinical data,and expert experience and consensus were collected.The grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE)method was used to grade the evidence and make the recommendations.RESULTS:Based on the available evidence,the guidelines recommended 17 Chinese medicines for COVID-19:2 Chinese herbal granules,7 Chinese patent medicines,and 8 Chinese herbal injections.CONCLUSION:As the literature search was conducted on March,any subsequent versions of these guidelines require an up-to-date literature review.We hope that the evidence summary in these guidelines will be helpful in global efforts to address COVID-19.
文摘临床循证决策过程中需要基于最佳证据,综合考虑干预措施利弊大小、证据确信度、成本与可行性等因素。通过制定患者健康结局指标效应量决策阈值(decision threshold of effect size,DTES),能够帮助利益相关者理解干预措施利弊大小、评估证据确信度和解读研究结果。MERGE工作组充分借鉴国际经验,通过小组讨论、半结构化访谈、专家共识和试点应用,开发了一套包括8个步骤的健康结局指标DTES制定方法指南,包括:必要性评估、组建工作组、遴选患者重要结局、基于最佳证据制作情景示例、设计专家函询问卷、分析专家涵询结果、面对面专家共识以及推广应用与后效评价。DTES指南的开发,以期为利益相关者制定不同领域健康结局指标的DTES提供方法指导。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1421800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12272213 and 11872235).
文摘The solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is widely recognized as a critical factor leading to the capacity fading of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Although SEI stress-related mechanical failure caused by the expansion or contraction of active materials upon cycles is well documented,previously reported SEI components and overpotential varying phenomena due to SEI stress and their effects on the electrochemical performance are poorly understood.Here,we establish a quantitative correlation between capacity fading and the SEI stress by considering its effects on side reactions,especially SEI component evolution,in a multiscale mechanical-electrochemical coupling model.Furthermore,the capacity fading behaviors of two typical cells(Li[NiMnCo]O_(2) as the cathode,and graphite and silicon as the anode,respectively)were adopted as numerical examples to demonstrate its potential utility and applications.Stress within the SEI was indeed found to play a predominant role in the capacity fading of the graphite and silicon anodes,resulting in 27%and 69%of the total capacity loss after 200 and 100 cycles at 1 C,respectively.This study provides valuable mechanical insights into the variations of SEI properties related to the capacity degradation and SEI optimization and design for LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(31472006 and 31272312)to DHW.
文摘Mongolian gerbils(Meriones unguiculatus)have evolved a wide thermoneutral zone(26.5-38.9°C)and high upper critical temperature,and appear to have a high tolerance for heat exposure.Here,we use a metabolomic approach to measure global metabolite profiles for gerbils between lower(27°C)and upper critical temperatures(38°C)to investigate the role of metabolomic characterization in maintaining basal metabolic rates within a wide thermoneutral zone.We found that in serum and liver,14 and 19 metabolites were significantly altered,respectively.In the aerobic respiration-related tricarboxylic cycle(TCA),5 intermediates(isocitric acid,cis-aconitic acid,α-ketoglutaric acid,fumaric acid and malic acid)were increased in serum in 38°C animals;however,no such increase was found in the liver.A stable level of hepatic TCA cycle intermediates may be related to the steady state of aerobic respiration at 38°C.Metabolomic results also revealed that acute heat exposure caused increased oxidative stress and low molecular weight antioxidants in Mongolian gerbils.Increased methionine and 2-hydroxybutyrate suggest an accelerated synthesis of glutathione.Increased urate and its precursors,inosine and hypoxanthine,were detected at 38°C.Glucuronate,threonate and oxalate involved in ascorbate synthesis and degradation were increased in serum at 38°C.In conclusion,although dramatic metabolomic variation was found,a stable hepatic TCA cycle may contribute to maintaining a constant basal metabolic rate within a wide thermoneutral zone in Mongolian gerbils.
