Microbial electrosynthesis(MES)converts CO_(2)into value-added products such as volatile fatty acids(VFAs)with minimal energy use,but low production titer has limited scale-up and commercialization.Mediated electron t...Microbial electrosynthesis(MES)converts CO_(2)into value-added products such as volatile fatty acids(VFAs)with minimal energy use,but low production titer has limited scale-up and commercialization.Mediated electron transfer via H_(2)on the MES cathode has shown a higher conversion rate than the direct biofilm-based approach,as it is tunable via cathode potential control and accelerates electrosynthesis from CO_(2).Here we report high acetate titers can be achieved via improved in situ H_(2)supply by nickel foam decorated carbon felt cathode in mixed community MES systems.Acetate concentration of 12.5 g L^(-1)was observed in 14 days with nickel-carbon cathode at a poised potential of-0.89 V(vs.standard hydrogen electrode,SHE),which was much higher than cathodes using stainless steel(5.2 g L^(-1))or carbon felt alone(1.7 g L^(-1))with the same projected surface area.A higher acetate concentration of 16.0 g L^(-1)in the cathode was achieved over long-term operation for 32 days,but crossover was observed in batch operation,as additional acetate(5.8 g L^(-1))was also found in the abiotic anode chamber.We observed the low Faradaic efficiencies in acetate production,attributed to partial H_(2)utilization for electrosynthesis.The selective acetate production with high titer demonstrated in this study shows the H_(2)-mediated electron transfer with common cathode materials carries good promise in MES development.展开更多
Regulating electron transfer in predominantly fermentative microbiomes has broad implications in environmental,chemical,food,and medical fields.Here we demonstrate electrochemical control in fermenting food waste,dige...Regulating electron transfer in predominantly fermentative microbiomes has broad implications in environmental,chemical,food,and medical fields.Here we demonstrate electrochemical control in fermenting food waste,digestate,and wastewater to improve lactic acid production.We hypothesize that applying anodic potential will expedite and direct fermentation towards lactic acid.Continued operation that introduced epi/endophytic communities(Lactococcus,Lactobacillus,Weissella)to pure culture Lactiplantibacillus plantarum reactors with static electrodes was associated with the loss of anode-induced process intensification despite 80%L.plantarum retention.Employing fluidized electrodes discouraged biofilm formation and extended electrode influence to planktonic gram-positive fermenters using mediated extracellular electron transfer.While short-term experiments differentially enriched Lactococcus and Klebsiella spp.,longer-term operations indicated convergent microbiomes and product spectra.These results highlight a functional resilience of environmental fermentative microbiomes to perturbations in redox potential,underscoring the need to better understand electrode induced polymicrobial interactions and physiological impacts to engineer tunable open-culture or synthetic consortia.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Cold agglutinins are auto-antibodies that can be a nuisance in cross matching and in blood grouping. Here we report an unusual case of a high titer and wide amplitude cold aggl...<strong>Background:</strong> Cold agglutinins are auto-antibodies that can be a nuisance in cross matching and in blood grouping. Here we report an unusual case of a high titer and wide amplitude cold agglutinin reduced by plasmapheresis. <strong>Methods and Materials:</strong> A 56-year-old man with severe anemia requested a transfusion of red blood cells. However, there was a problem in blood for blood grouping. The discrepancy of blood typing was subsequently resolved using group O absorbed plasma along with repetition of forward grouping with warm-washed red blood cells. The presence of high-thermal-amplitude and a high-titer anti-I cold agglutinin were detected in further serologic investigation. It revealed reactivity against autologous and adult O red blood cells at 37<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C by the thermal amplitude screening test, and demonstrated a very high titer of 65,536 against adult O cells by titration studies at 4<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The patient received two plasma exchange sessions of 1.5 plasma volumes each. There was a significant reduction of the titer of cold agglutinins and of the thermal amplitude by plasmapheresis as well (<em>p</em> < 0.01). <strong>Results:</strong> After successful cross-matching with post plasma exchanges, four units of red blood cells were infused to the patient without any hemolysis symptoms or signs. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> We now reported a patient with abnormally ascended titer of cold agglutinins and wide-thermal-amplitude, but we also successfully performed ABO typing and cross matching after 2 plasma exchange sessions of 1.5 plasma volumes each.展开更多
To separate and concentrate NH4＋ and PO43 from the synthetic wastewater to the concentrated solution through a novel electrochemical reactor with circulated anode and cathode using the difference of the concentration...To separate and concentrate NH4＋ and PO43 from the synthetic wastewater to the concentrated solution through a novel electrochemical reactor with circulated anode and cathode using the difference of the concentration between electrode chamber and middle chamber.In recent years, the research on electrochemical processes have been focused on phosphate and ammonium removal and recovery. Among the wide range of possibilities with regards to electrochemical processes, capacitive deionization （CDI） saves the most energy while at the same time does not have continuity and selectivity. In this study, a new electrochemical reactor with electrolyte cyclic flowing in the electrode chambers was constructed to separate and concentrate phosphate and ammonium continuously and selectively from wastewater, based on the principle of CDI. At the concentration ratio of NaCI solution between the electrode chambers and the middle chamber （r） of 25 to 1, phosphate and ammonium in concentration level of domestic wastewater can be removed and recovered continuously and selectively as struvite. Long-term operation also indicated the ability to continuously repeat the reaction and verified sustained stability. Further, the selective recovery at the certain r could also be available to similar technologies for recovering other kinds of substances.展开更多
Genomic imprinting can lead to allele-specific expression(ASE),where one allele is preferentially expressed more than the other.Perturbations in genomic imprinting or ASE genes have been widely observed across various...Genomic imprinting can lead to allele-specific expression(ASE),where one allele is preferentially expressed more than the other.Perturbations in genomic imprinting or ASE genes have been widely observed across various neurological disorders,notably autism spectrum disorder(ASD).In this study,we crossed rhesus cynomolgus monkeys to produce hybrid monkeys and established a framework to evaluate their allele-specific gene expression patterns using the parental genomes as a reference.Our proof-of-concept analysis of the hybrid monkeys identified 353 genes with allele-biased expression in the brain,enabling us to determine the chromosomal locations of ASE clusters.Importantly,we confirmed a significant enrichment of ASE genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders,including ASD,highlighting the potential of hybrid monkey models in advancing our understanding of genomic imprinting.展开更多
Laboratory study; was carried out on deep desulfurization of molten steel by CaO-Al2O3 based refining slag containing BaO at 1873K to achieve lower sulphur level in steel. A mathematical model of desulfurization was e...Laboratory study; was carried out on deep desulfurization of molten steel by CaO-Al2O3 based refining slag containing BaO at 1873K to achieve lower sulphur level in steel. A mathematical model of desulfurization was established with the methodology of quadratic orthogohal regression. According to the modle, the influence of AlO3/CaO, MgO, CaF2, BaO in slag on desulfurization rate was analyzed. The results showed that the desulfurization rate almost linearly decreased with the increase of Al2O3/CaO and it increased firstly then decreased when MgO and BaO content increased respectixely, yet the trend is on the contrary as CaF2 content increased. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the optimum composition of the refining slag was achieved under the experimental conditions.展开更多
基金supported by the Department of Energy Bioenergy Technologies Office under the award DE-EE0008932supported through the Princeton Center for Complex Materials(PCCM),a National Science Foundation(NSF)-MRSEC program(DMR-2011750).
文摘Microbial electrosynthesis(MES)converts CO_(2)into value-added products such as volatile fatty acids(VFAs)with minimal energy use,but low production titer has limited scale-up and commercialization.Mediated electron transfer via H_(2)on the MES cathode has shown a higher conversion rate than the direct biofilm-based approach,as it is tunable via cathode potential control and accelerates electrosynthesis from CO_(2).Here we report high acetate titers can be achieved via improved in situ H_(2)supply by nickel foam decorated carbon felt cathode in mixed community MES systems.Acetate concentration of 12.5 g L^(-1)was observed in 14 days with nickel-carbon cathode at a poised potential of-0.89 V(vs.standard hydrogen electrode,SHE),which was much higher than cathodes using stainless steel(5.2 g L^(-1))or carbon felt alone(1.7 g L^(-1))with the same projected surface area.A higher acetate concentration of 16.0 g L^(-1)in the cathode was achieved over long-term operation for 32 days,but crossover was observed in batch operation,as additional acetate(5.8 g L^(-1))was also found in the abiotic anode chamber.We observed the low Faradaic efficiencies in acetate production,attributed to partial H_(2)utilization for electrosynthesis.The selective acetate production with high titer demonstrated in this study shows the H_(2)-mediated electron transfer with common cathode materials carries good promise in MES development.
基金US Department of Agriculture(INFEWS/T1:AWD1006334)US Department of Energy(DE-EE0009494).
文摘Regulating electron transfer in predominantly fermentative microbiomes has broad implications in environmental,chemical,food,and medical fields.Here we demonstrate electrochemical control in fermenting food waste,digestate,and wastewater to improve lactic acid production.We hypothesize that applying anodic potential will expedite and direct fermentation towards lactic acid.Continued operation that introduced epi/endophytic communities(Lactococcus,Lactobacillus,Weissella)to pure culture Lactiplantibacillus plantarum reactors with static electrodes was associated with the loss of anode-induced process intensification despite 80%L.plantarum retention.Employing fluidized electrodes discouraged biofilm formation and extended electrode influence to planktonic gram-positive fermenters using mediated extracellular electron transfer.While short-term experiments differentially enriched Lactococcus and Klebsiella spp.,longer-term operations indicated convergent microbiomes and product spectra.These results highlight a functional resilience of environmental fermentative microbiomes to perturbations in redox potential,underscoring the need to better understand electrode induced polymicrobial interactions and physiological impacts to engineer tunable open-culture or synthetic consortia.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Cold agglutinins are auto-antibodies that can be a nuisance in cross matching and in blood grouping. Here we report an unusual case of a high titer and wide amplitude cold agglutinin reduced by plasmapheresis. <strong>Methods and Materials:</strong> A 56-year-old man with severe anemia requested a transfusion of red blood cells. However, there was a problem in blood for blood grouping. The discrepancy of blood typing was subsequently resolved using group O absorbed plasma along with repetition of forward grouping with warm-washed red blood cells. The presence of high-thermal-amplitude and a high-titer anti-I cold agglutinin were detected in further serologic investigation. It revealed reactivity against autologous and adult O red blood cells at 37<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C by the thermal amplitude screening test, and demonstrated a very high titer of 65,536 against adult O cells by titration studies at 4<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The patient received two plasma exchange sessions of 1.5 plasma volumes each. There was a significant reduction of the titer of cold agglutinins and of the thermal amplitude by plasmapheresis as well (<em>p</em> < 0.01). <strong>Results:</strong> After successful cross-matching with post plasma exchanges, four units of red blood cells were infused to the patient without any hemolysis symptoms or signs. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> We now reported a patient with abnormally ascended titer of cold agglutinins and wide-thermal-amplitude, but we also successfully performed ABO typing and cross matching after 2 plasma exchange sessions of 1.5 plasma volumes each.
基金This research was supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 51238004 ＆ 21521064）.
文摘To separate and concentrate NH4＋ and PO43 from the synthetic wastewater to the concentrated solution through a novel electrochemical reactor with circulated anode and cathode using the difference of the concentration between electrode chamber and middle chamber.In recent years, the research on electrochemical processes have been focused on phosphate and ammonium removal and recovery. Among the wide range of possibilities with regards to electrochemical processes, capacitive deionization （CDI） saves the most energy while at the same time does not have continuity and selectivity. In this study, a new electrochemical reactor with electrolyte cyclic flowing in the electrode chambers was constructed to separate and concentrate phosphate and ammonium continuously and selectively from wastewater, based on the principle of CDI. At the concentration ratio of NaCI solution between the electrode chambers and the middle chamber （r） of 25 to 1, phosphate and ammonium in concentration level of domestic wastewater can be removed and recovered continuously and selectively as struvite. Long-term operation also indicated the ability to continuously repeat the reaction and verified sustained stability. Further, the selective recovery at the certain r could also be available to similar technologies for recovering other kinds of substances.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0710901 to Q.S.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 31825018 and 82021001 toQ.S.+5 种基金81827901 and 32170567 toG.W.)the ShanghaiMunicipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05 to Q.S.and Z.Liu)the Biological Resources Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-BRP-005)the Strategic Priority Research Programof the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32060000 to Q.S.and Z.Liu)the Basic Frontier Scientific Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences From 0 to 1 original innovation project(ZDBS-LY-SM019 to Z.Liu)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20200350 to Z.Lu).
文摘Genomic imprinting can lead to allele-specific expression(ASE),where one allele is preferentially expressed more than the other.Perturbations in genomic imprinting or ASE genes have been widely observed across various neurological disorders,notably autism spectrum disorder(ASD).In this study,we crossed rhesus cynomolgus monkeys to produce hybrid monkeys and established a framework to evaluate their allele-specific gene expression patterns using the parental genomes as a reference.Our proof-of-concept analysis of the hybrid monkeys identified 353 genes with allele-biased expression in the brain,enabling us to determine the chromosomal locations of ASE clusters.Importantly,we confirmed a significant enrichment of ASE genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders,including ASD,highlighting the potential of hybrid monkey models in advancing our understanding of genomic imprinting.
文摘Laboratory study; was carried out on deep desulfurization of molten steel by CaO-Al2O3 based refining slag containing BaO at 1873K to achieve lower sulphur level in steel. A mathematical model of desulfurization was established with the methodology of quadratic orthogohal regression. According to the modle, the influence of AlO3/CaO, MgO, CaF2, BaO in slag on desulfurization rate was analyzed. The results showed that the desulfurization rate almost linearly decreased with the increase of Al2O3/CaO and it increased firstly then decreased when MgO and BaO content increased respectixely, yet the trend is on the contrary as CaF2 content increased. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the optimum composition of the refining slag was achieved under the experimental conditions.
