Mobile applications(apps for short)often need to display images.However,inefficient image displaying(IID)issues are pervasive in mobile apps,and can severely impact app performance and user experience.This paper first...Mobile applications(apps for short)often need to display images.However,inefficient image displaying(IID)issues are pervasive in mobile apps,and can severely impact app performance and user experience.This paper first establishes a descriptive framework for the image displaying procedures of IID issues.Based on the descriptive framework,we conduct an empirical study of 216 real-world IID issues collected from 243 popular open-source Android apps to validate the presence and severity of IID issues,and then shed light on these issues’characteristics to support research on effective issue detection.With the findings of this study,we propose a static IID issue detection tool TAPIR and evaluate it with 243 real-world Android apps.Encouragingly,49 and 64 previously-unknown IID issues in two different versions of 16 apps reported by TAPIR are manually confirmed as true positives,respectively,and 16 previously-unknown IID issues reported by TAPIR have been confirmed by developers and 13 have been fixed.Then,we further evaluate the performance impact of these detected IID issues and the performance improvement if they are fixed.The results demonstrate that the IID issues detected by TAPIR indeed cause significant performance degradation,which further show the effectiveness and efficiency of TAPIR.展开更多
滨海风积砂因结构松散、自稳能力差、级配不良不易压实,被视为一种特殊土。水泥固化是常用的加固手段,而水泥剂量对风积砂力学性能的影响规律及细观作用机制目前尚不清楚。利用GDS土工三轴试验仪,对不同水泥剂量(0%,4%,6%)的水泥固化滨...滨海风积砂因结构松散、自稳能力差、级配不良不易压实,被视为一种特殊土。水泥固化是常用的加固手段,而水泥剂量对风积砂力学性能的影响规律及细观作用机制目前尚不清楚。利用GDS土工三轴试验仪,对不同水泥剂量(0%,4%,6%)的水泥固化滨海风积砂进行不同有效围压(50,100,150 k Pa)下的CD试验。结合室内试验数据和水泥砂样显微照片,建立水泥固化滨海风积砂细观结构的颗粒流PFC2D模型,进行三轴试验的细观数值仿真分析。研究结果表明,水泥固化滨海风积砂应力–应变关系呈应变软化型,水泥剂量对滨海风积砂强度贡献明显,对体变影响相对较小。采用颗粒平行黏结方式的颗粒流数值仿真能有效反映水泥固化滨海风积砂的细观力学特性,水泥剂量对水泥固化滨海风积砂的黏结破坏数、配位数、位移场均有显著影响。展开更多
基金supported by the Leading-Edge Technology Program of Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.BK20202001the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61932021.
文摘Mobile applications(apps for short)often need to display images.However,inefficient image displaying(IID)issues are pervasive in mobile apps,and can severely impact app performance and user experience.This paper first establishes a descriptive framework for the image displaying procedures of IID issues.Based on the descriptive framework,we conduct an empirical study of 216 real-world IID issues collected from 243 popular open-source Android apps to validate the presence and severity of IID issues,and then shed light on these issues’characteristics to support research on effective issue detection.With the findings of this study,we propose a static IID issue detection tool TAPIR and evaluate it with 243 real-world Android apps.Encouragingly,49 and 64 previously-unknown IID issues in two different versions of 16 apps reported by TAPIR are manually confirmed as true positives,respectively,and 16 previously-unknown IID issues reported by TAPIR have been confirmed by developers and 13 have been fixed.Then,we further evaluate the performance impact of these detected IID issues and the performance improvement if they are fixed.The results demonstrate that the IID issues detected by TAPIR indeed cause significant performance degradation,which further show the effectiveness and efficiency of TAPIR.
文摘滨海风积砂因结构松散、自稳能力差、级配不良不易压实,被视为一种特殊土。水泥固化是常用的加固手段,而水泥剂量对风积砂力学性能的影响规律及细观作用机制目前尚不清楚。利用GDS土工三轴试验仪,对不同水泥剂量(0%,4%,6%)的水泥固化滨海风积砂进行不同有效围压(50,100,150 k Pa)下的CD试验。结合室内试验数据和水泥砂样显微照片,建立水泥固化滨海风积砂细观结构的颗粒流PFC2D模型,进行三轴试验的细观数值仿真分析。研究结果表明,水泥固化滨海风积砂应力–应变关系呈应变软化型,水泥剂量对滨海风积砂强度贡献明显,对体变影响相对较小。采用颗粒平行黏结方式的颗粒流数值仿真能有效反映水泥固化滨海风积砂的细观力学特性,水泥剂量对水泥固化滨海风积砂的黏结破坏数、配位数、位移场均有显著影响。
