Severe immunosuppression is a hallmark of colorectal cancer(CRC).Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),one of the most abundant components of the tumor stroma,play an important role in the invasion,metastasis,and im...Severe immunosuppression is a hallmark of colorectal cancer(CRC).Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),one of the most abundant components of the tumor stroma,play an important role in the invasion,metastasis,and immune escape of CRC.MDSCs create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of immunoreactive cells,including T and natural killer cells,as well as by inducing the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells,such as regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages,which,in turn,promote the growth of cancer cells.Thus,MDSCs are key contributors to the emergence of an immunosup-pressive microenvironment in CRC and play an important role in the breakdown of antitumor immunity.In this narrative review,we explore the mechanisms through which MDSCs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment,the current therapeutic approaches and technologies targeting MDSCs,and the therapeutic potential of modulating MDSCs in CRC treatment.This study provides ideas and methods to enhance survival rates in patients with CRC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction is a local or extensive necrosis of brain tissue.Subsequently,the corresponding neurological deficits appear.The incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in China is increasing gradually.Af...BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction is a local or extensive necrosis of brain tissue.Subsequently,the corresponding neurological deficits appear.The incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in China is increasing gradually.After the onset of cerebrovascular disease,the most common sequelae include movement disorders,language disorders,and cognitive dysfunction.AIM To investigate the effect of early refined nursing program on the prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with cerebral infarction combined with cognitive dysfunction.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to divide 60 patients with cerebral infarction and cognitive impairment into an experimental group(n=32)and a control group(n=28).The experimental group received early intensive care every day,and the control group received daily routine care.The scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and the Trail Making Test(TMT),as well as the latency and amplitude of the event-related potential P300,were used as main indicators to evaluate changes in cognitive function,and changes in BDNF,TGF-β,and GDNF expression were used as secondary indicators.RESULTS Both groups experienced notable enhancements in MMSE scores,with the experi-mental group demonstrating higher scores than the control group(experimental:28.75±2.31;control:25.84±2.87).Moreover,reductions in TMT-A and TMT-B scores were observed in both groups(experimental:TMT-A 52.36±6.18,TMT-B 98.47±10.23;control:TMT-A 61.48±7.92,TMT-B 112.63±12.55),with the experimental group displaying lower scores.P300 Latency decreased(experimental:270.63 ms±14.28 ms;control:285.72 ms±16.45 ms),while amplitude increased(experimental:7.82μV±1.05μV;control:6.35μV±0.98μV)significantly in both groups,with superior outcomes in the experimental cohort.Additionally,the levels of the growth factors BDNF,TGF-β1,and GDNF surged(experimental:BDNF 48.37 ng/mL±5.62 ng/mL,TGF-β152.14 pg/mL±4.28 pg/mL,GDNF 34.76 ng/mL±3.89 ng/mL;control:BDNF 42.58 ng/mL±4.73 ng/mL,TGF-β146.23 pg/mL±3.94 pg/mL,GDNF 30.25 n展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82320108022,No.82322076 and No.82104466.
文摘Severe immunosuppression is a hallmark of colorectal cancer(CRC).Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),one of the most abundant components of the tumor stroma,play an important role in the invasion,metastasis,and immune escape of CRC.MDSCs create an immunosuppressive microenvironment by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of immunoreactive cells,including T and natural killer cells,as well as by inducing the proliferation of immunosuppressive cells,such as regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages,which,in turn,promote the growth of cancer cells.Thus,MDSCs are key contributors to the emergence of an immunosup-pressive microenvironment in CRC and play an important role in the breakdown of antitumor immunity.In this narrative review,we explore the mechanisms through which MDSCs contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment,the current therapeutic approaches and technologies targeting MDSCs,and the therapeutic potential of modulating MDSCs in CRC treatment.This study provides ideas and methods to enhance survival rates in patients with CRC.
文摘BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction is a local or extensive necrosis of brain tissue.Subsequently,the corresponding neurological deficits appear.The incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in China is increasing gradually.After the onset of cerebrovascular disease,the most common sequelae include movement disorders,language disorders,and cognitive dysfunction.AIM To investigate the effect of early refined nursing program on the prognosis of middle-aged and elderly patients with cerebral infarction combined with cognitive dysfunction.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to divide 60 patients with cerebral infarction and cognitive impairment into an experimental group(n=32)and a control group(n=28).The experimental group received early intensive care every day,and the control group received daily routine care.The scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and the Trail Making Test(TMT),as well as the latency and amplitude of the event-related potential P300,were used as main indicators to evaluate changes in cognitive function,and changes in BDNF,TGF-β,and GDNF expression were used as secondary indicators.RESULTS Both groups experienced notable enhancements in MMSE scores,with the experi-mental group demonstrating higher scores than the control group(experimental:28.75±2.31;control:25.84±2.87).Moreover,reductions in TMT-A and TMT-B scores were observed in both groups(experimental:TMT-A 52.36±6.18,TMT-B 98.47±10.23;control:TMT-A 61.48±7.92,TMT-B 112.63±12.55),with the experimental group displaying lower scores.P300 Latency decreased(experimental:270.63 ms±14.28 ms;control:285.72 ms±16.45 ms),while amplitude increased(experimental:7.82μV±1.05μV;control:6.35μV±0.98μV)significantly in both groups,with superior outcomes in the experimental cohort.Additionally,the levels of the growth factors BDNF,TGF-β1,and GDNF surged(experimental:BDNF 48.37 ng/mL±5.62 ng/mL,TGF-β152.14 pg/mL±4.28 pg/mL,GDNF 34.76 ng/mL±3.89 ng/mL;control:BDNF 42.58 ng/mL±4.73 ng/mL,TGF-β146.23 pg/mL±3.94 pg/mL,GDNF 30.25 n
