Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are one of the most promising large-scale electric energy storage systems due to the high abundance and low redox potential of K.As the key component,anode determines their energy density ...Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are one of the most promising large-scale electric energy storage systems due to the high abundance and low redox potential of K.As the key component,anode determines their energy density and safety.Alloy-based anodes,such as P,Sn,Sb,and Bi,have attracted extensive attention due to their abundant resources,suitable working potentials,and large theoretical capacities.However,the dramatic volume variation upon(de)potassiation results in pulverization of particles and their detaching from the current collector accompanied with performance decay.Various strategies,including designing micro-/nanostructures,introducing carbon substrates,and optimizing electrode/electrolyte interface,have been demonstrated to effectively alleviate these issues.Herein,we summarize the recent research progresses on alloy-based materials in KIBs.The synthesis methods,electrochemical performance,reaction mechanisms,and structure-activity relationships of these materials are considered,and challenges and perspectives are provided.This review provides new insight into designing of high-activity electrode materials for KIBs and beyond.展开更多
Urolithin A(UA)is a natural metabolite produced from polyphenolics in foods such as pomegranates,berries,and nuts.UA is neuroprotective against Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and cerebral hemorrhage.However...Urolithin A(UA)is a natural metabolite produced from polyphenolics in foods such as pomegranates,berries,and nuts.UA is neuroprotective against Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and cerebral hemorrhage.However,its effect against traumatic brain injury remains unknown.In this study,we established adult C57BL/6J mouse models of traumatic brain injury by controlled cortical impact and then intraperitoneally administered UA.We found that UA greatly reduced brain edema;increased the expression of tight junction proteins in injured cortex;increased the immunopositivity of two neuronal autophagy markers,microtubule-associated protein 1A/B light chain 3A/B(LC3)and p62;downregulated protein kinase B(Akt)and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),two regulators of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway;decreased the phosphorylation levels of inhibitor of NFκB(IκB)kinase alpha(IKKα)and nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB),two regulators of the neuroinflammation-related Akt/IKK/NFκB signaling pathway;reduced blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal apoptosis in injured cortex;and improved mouse neurological function.These findings suggest that UA may be a candidate drug for the treatment of traumatic brain injury,and its neuroprotective effects may be mediated by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Akt/IKK/NFκB signaling pathways,thus reducing neuroinflammation and enhancing autophagy.展开更多
Understanding the effects of land use changes on the spatiotemporal variation of soil organic carbon （SOC） can provide guidance for low carbon and sustainable agriculture. In this paper, based on the large-scale dat...Understanding the effects of land use changes on the spatiotemporal variation of soil organic carbon （SOC） can provide guidance for low carbon and sustainable agriculture. In this paper, based on the large-scale datasets of soil surveys in 1982 and 2009 for Pinggu District -- an urban-rural ecotone of Beijing, China, the effects of land use and land use changes on both temporal variation and spatial variation of SOC were analyzed. Results showed that from 1982 to 2009 in Pinggu District, the following land use change mainly occurred： Grain cropland converted to orchard or vegetable land, and grassland converted to forestland. The SOC content decreased in region where the land use type changed to grain cropland （e.g., vegetable land to grain cropland decreased by 0.7 g kg-1; orchard to grain cropland decreased by 0.2 g kg-l）. In contrast, the SOC content increased in region where the land use type changed to either orchard （excluding forestland） or forestland （e.g., grain cropland to orchard and forestland increased by 2.7 and 2.4 g kg-1, respectively; grassland to orchard and forestland increased by 4.8 and 4.9 g kg-1, respectively）. The organic carbon accumulation capacity per unit mass of the soil increased in the following order： grain cropland soil〈vegetable land/grassland soil〈orchard soil〈forestland soil. Therefore, to both secure supply of agricultural products and develop low carbon agriculture in a modern city, orchard has proven to be a good choice for land using.展开更多
Gastric cancer is one of the most common human malignancies, and its prevalence has been shown to be well-correlated with cancer-related deaths worldwide. Regrettably, the poor prognosis of this disease is mainly due ...Gastric cancer is one of the most common human malignancies, and its prevalence has been shown to be well-correlated with cancer-related deaths worldwide. Regrettably, the poor prognosis of this disease is mainly due to its late diagnosis at advanced stages after the cancer has already metastasized. Recent research has emphasized the identification of cancer biomarkers in the hope of diagnosing cancer early and designing targeted therapies to reverse cancer progression. One member of a family of growth-related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH or hydroquinone) oxidases is tumor-associated NADH oxidase(t NOX; ENOX2). Unlike its counterpart CNOX(ENOX1), identified in normal rat liver plasma membranes and shown to be stimulated by growth factors and hormones, t NOX activity purified from rat hepatoma cells is constitutively active. Its activity is detectable in the sera of cancer patients but not in those of healthy volunteers, suggesting its clinical relevance. Interestingly, t NOX expression was shown to be present in an array of cancer cell lines. More importantly, inhibition of t NOX was well correlated with reduced cancer cell growth and induction of apoptosis. RNA interference targeting t NOX expression in cancer cells effectively restored non-cancerous phenotypes, further supporting the vital role of t NOX in cancer cells. Here, we review the regulatory role of t NOX in gastric cancer cell growth.展开更多
目的:研究猪左心室心内膜整体复极顺序。方法:应用CARTO系统,在10只猪左心室心内膜的75±12个位点记录单相动作电位。计算每一点的局部激动时间(activation tim e,AT)、复极结束时间(end-of-repolarization tim e,EORT)和单相动作...目的:研究猪左心室心内膜整体复极顺序。方法:应用CARTO系统,在10只猪左心室心内膜的75±12个位点记录单相动作电位。计算每一点的局部激动时间(activation tim e,AT)、复极结束时间(end-of-repolarization tim e,EORT)和单相动作电位时程(monophasic action potential duration,MAPD),并且据此建立10套三维整体心室肌AT顺序、EORT顺序和MAPD长短顺序的标测图。结果:①EORT顺序图显示10只猪中有9只猪的EORT顺序明确地沿袭了激动顺序。②在最早的激动区域或附近记录到最长的MAPD,而在最晚的激动区域或附近则记录到最短的MAPD。③所有标测图的MAPD与AT成负线性相关,而EORT与AT成正线性相关。结论:猪左室心内膜存在复极梯度。激动顺序是复极顺序的一个决定因素。较晚的心室激动伴随着较短的MAPD,MAPD缩短幅度相对于局部激动的变晚程度,是决定复极方向和形态的关键因素。展开更多
In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous neurotrophin-3 in nerve terminal sprouting 2 months after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy. The left L1-5 and L7-S2 dorsal root ganglia in adult cats were ...In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous neurotrophin-3 in nerve terminal sprouting 2 months after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy. The left L1-5 and L7-S2 dorsal root ganglia in adult cats were exposed and removed, preserving the L6 dorsal root ganglia. Neurotrophin-3 was mainly expressed in large neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and in some neurons in spinal lamina II. Two months after rhizotomy, the number of neurotrophin-3-positive neurons in the spared dorsal root ganglia and the density of neurite sprouts emerging from these ganglia were increased. Intraperitoneal injection of an antibody against neurotrophin-3 decreased the density of neurite sprouts. These findings suggest that endogenous neurotrophin-3 is involved in spinal cord plasticity and regeneration, and that it promotes axonal sprouting from the dorsal root ganglia after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy.展开更多
Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is an emerging disease.The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in infants remain unknown.Therefore,this...Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is an emerging disease.The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in infants remain unknown.Therefore,this study aims to investigate whether neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 have adverse brain development.Methods This multicenter observational study was conducted at two designated maternal and children's hospitals in Hubei Province,China's Mainland from February 1,2020 to May 15,2020.Neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were enrolled.Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings,and volumes of grey and white matters,and physical growth parameters were observed at 44 weeks corrected gestational age.Results Of 72 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19,8(11%)were diagnosed with COVID-19,8(11%)were critically ill,and no deaths were reported.Among the eight neonates that underwent brain MRI at corrected gestational age of 44 weeks,five neonates were diagnosed with COVID-19.Among these five neonates,three presented abnormal MRI findings including abnormal signal in white matter and delayed myelination in newborn 2,delayed myelination and brain dysplasia in newborn 3,and abnormal signal in the bilateral periventricular in newborn 5.The other three neonates without COVID-19 presented no significantly changes of brain MRI findings and the volumes of grey matter and white matter compared to those of healthy newborns at the equivalent age(P>0.05).Physical growth parameters for weight,length,and head circumference at gestational age of 44 weeks were all above the 3rd percentile for all neonates.Conclusions Some of the neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 had abnormal brain MRI findings but these neonates did not appear to have poor physical growth.These findings may provide the information on the follow-up schedule on the neonates exposed to SARS-CoV-2,but further study is required to evaluate the association between the abnormal MRI findings and the exposure to SARS-CoV-2.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21822506,51761165025,51671107 and 21603108)。
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are one of the most promising large-scale electric energy storage systems due to the high abundance and low redox potential of K.As the key component,anode determines their energy density and safety.Alloy-based anodes,such as P,Sn,Sb,and Bi,have attracted extensive attention due to their abundant resources,suitable working potentials,and large theoretical capacities.However,the dramatic volume variation upon(de)potassiation results in pulverization of particles and their detaching from the current collector accompanied with performance decay.Various strategies,including designing micro-/nanostructures,introducing carbon substrates,and optimizing electrode/electrolyte interface,have been demonstrated to effectively alleviate these issues.Herein,we summarize the recent research progresses on alloy-based materials in KIBs.The synthesis methods,electrochemical performance,reaction mechanisms,and structure-activity relationships of these materials are considered,and challenges and perspectives are provided.This review provides new insight into designing of high-activity electrode materials for KIBs and beyond.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81974189(to HLT),81801236(to QYG and LC),82001310(to DXY).
文摘Urolithin A(UA)is a natural metabolite produced from polyphenolics in foods such as pomegranates,berries,and nuts.UA is neuroprotective against Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,and cerebral hemorrhage.However,its effect against traumatic brain injury remains unknown.In this study,we established adult C57BL/6J mouse models of traumatic brain injury by controlled cortical impact and then intraperitoneally administered UA.We found that UA greatly reduced brain edema;increased the expression of tight junction proteins in injured cortex;increased the immunopositivity of two neuronal autophagy markers,microtubule-associated protein 1A/B light chain 3A/B(LC3)and p62;downregulated protein kinase B(Akt)and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),two regulators of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway;decreased the phosphorylation levels of inhibitor of NFκB(IκB)kinase alpha(IKKα)and nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB),two regulators of the neuroinflammation-related Akt/IKK/NFκB signaling pathway;reduced blood-brain barrier permeability and neuronal apoptosis in injured cortex;and improved mouse neurological function.These findings suggest that UA may be a candidate drug for the treatment of traumatic brain injury,and its neuroprotective effects may be mediated by inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Akt/IKK/NFκB signaling pathways,thus reducing neuroinflammation and enhancing autophagy.
基金supported by the Hundred Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Huang Wenjiang)the Innovation“135”Program from Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y3SG0100CX)the Science&Technology Basic Research Program of China(2014FY210100)
文摘Understanding the effects of land use changes on the spatiotemporal variation of soil organic carbon （SOC） can provide guidance for low carbon and sustainable agriculture. In this paper, based on the large-scale datasets of soil surveys in 1982 and 2009 for Pinggu District -- an urban-rural ecotone of Beijing, China, the effects of land use and land use changes on both temporal variation and spatial variation of SOC were analyzed. Results showed that from 1982 to 2009 in Pinggu District, the following land use change mainly occurred： Grain cropland converted to orchard or vegetable land, and grassland converted to forestland. The SOC content decreased in region where the land use type changed to grain cropland （e.g., vegetable land to grain cropland decreased by 0.7 g kg-1; orchard to grain cropland decreased by 0.2 g kg-l）. In contrast, the SOC content increased in region where the land use type changed to either orchard （excluding forestland） or forestland （e.g., grain cropland to orchard and forestland increased by 2.7 and 2.4 g kg-1, respectively; grassland to orchard and forestland increased by 4.8 and 4.9 g kg-1, respectively）. The organic carbon accumulation capacity per unit mass of the soil increased in the following order： grain cropland soil〈vegetable land/grassland soil〈orchard soil〈forestland soil. Therefore, to both secure supply of agricultural products and develop low carbon agriculture in a modern city, orchard has proven to be a good choice for land using.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Health and WelfareFeng Yuan Hospital Research Project 103-004+1 种基金the National Science CouncilNo.NSC 100-2320-B-005-005 and No.NSC 101-2320-B-005-003
文摘Gastric cancer is one of the most common human malignancies, and its prevalence has been shown to be well-correlated with cancer-related deaths worldwide. Regrettably, the poor prognosis of this disease is mainly due to its late diagnosis at advanced stages after the cancer has already metastasized. Recent research has emphasized the identification of cancer biomarkers in the hope of diagnosing cancer early and designing targeted therapies to reverse cancer progression. One member of a family of growth-related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH or hydroquinone) oxidases is tumor-associated NADH oxidase(t NOX; ENOX2). Unlike its counterpart CNOX(ENOX1), identified in normal rat liver plasma membranes and shown to be stimulated by growth factors and hormones, t NOX activity purified from rat hepatoma cells is constitutively active. Its activity is detectable in the sera of cancer patients but not in those of healthy volunteers, suggesting its clinical relevance. Interestingly, t NOX expression was shown to be present in an array of cancer cell lines. More importantly, inhibition of t NOX was well correlated with reduced cancer cell growth and induction of apoptosis. RNA interference targeting t NOX expression in cancer cells effectively restored non-cancerous phenotypes, further supporting the vital role of t NOX in cancer cells. Here, we review the regulatory role of t NOX in gastric cancer cell growth.
文摘目的:研究猪左心室心内膜整体复极顺序。方法:应用CARTO系统,在10只猪左心室心内膜的75±12个位点记录单相动作电位。计算每一点的局部激动时间(activation tim e,AT)、复极结束时间(end-of-repolarization tim e,EORT)和单相动作电位时程(monophasic action potential duration,MAPD),并且据此建立10套三维整体心室肌AT顺序、EORT顺序和MAPD长短顺序的标测图。结果:①EORT顺序图显示10只猪中有9只猪的EORT顺序明确地沿袭了激动顺序。②在最早的激动区域或附近记录到最长的MAPD,而在最晚的激动区域或附近则记录到最短的MAPD。③所有标测图的MAPD与AT成负线性相关,而EORT与AT成正线性相关。结论:猪左室心内膜存在复极梯度。激动顺序是复极顺序的一个决定因素。较晚的心室激动伴随着较短的MAPD,MAPD缩短幅度相对于局部激动的变晚程度,是决定复极方向和形态的关键因素。
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family PlanningNo.20114351+3 种基金the Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Funding of Zhejiang Province of ChinaNo.2010ZB091the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of ChinaNo.Y2090864
文摘In the present study, we investigated the role of endogenous neurotrophin-3 in nerve terminal sprouting 2 months after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy. The left L1-5 and L7-S2 dorsal root ganglia in adult cats were exposed and removed, preserving the L6 dorsal root ganglia. Neurotrophin-3 was mainly expressed in large neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and in some neurons in spinal lamina II. Two months after rhizotomy, the number of neurotrophin-3-positive neurons in the spared dorsal root ganglia and the density of neurite sprouts emerging from these ganglia were increased. Intraperitoneal injection of an antibody against neurotrophin-3 decreased the density of neurite sprouts. These findings suggest that endogenous neurotrophin-3 is involved in spinal cord plasticity and regeneration, and that it promotes axonal sprouting from the dorsal root ganglia after spinal cord dorsal root rhizotomy.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020kfyXGYJ006)Wuhan Emergency Research Project of COVID-19(No.EX20D24).
文摘Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is an emerging disease.The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in infants remain unknown.Therefore,this study aims to investigate whether neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 have adverse brain development.Methods This multicenter observational study was conducted at two designated maternal and children's hospitals in Hubei Province,China's Mainland from February 1,2020 to May 15,2020.Neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were enrolled.Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)findings,and volumes of grey and white matters,and physical growth parameters were observed at 44 weeks corrected gestational age.Results Of 72 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19,8(11%)were diagnosed with COVID-19,8(11%)were critically ill,and no deaths were reported.Among the eight neonates that underwent brain MRI at corrected gestational age of 44 weeks,five neonates were diagnosed with COVID-19.Among these five neonates,three presented abnormal MRI findings including abnormal signal in white matter and delayed myelination in newborn 2,delayed myelination and brain dysplasia in newborn 3,and abnormal signal in the bilateral periventricular in newborn 5.The other three neonates without COVID-19 presented no significantly changes of brain MRI findings and the volumes of grey matter and white matter compared to those of healthy newborns at the equivalent age(P>0.05).Physical growth parameters for weight,length,and head circumference at gestational age of 44 weeks were all above the 3rd percentile for all neonates.Conclusions Some of the neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 had abnormal brain MRI findings but these neonates did not appear to have poor physical growth.These findings may provide the information on the follow-up schedule on the neonates exposed to SARS-CoV-2,but further study is required to evaluate the association between the abnormal MRI findings and the exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
