Background:After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for HIV infected people,increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance(PDR).In this study,the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults ini...Background:After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for HIV infected people,increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance(PDR).In this study,the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China.Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 1943 patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy(ART)in 2017 from 13 provinces or cities in China.Pol sequences were used to analyze drug resistance and construct transmission networks.Logistic regression model was used to estimate the potential factors associated with PDR.Results:In total,1711 eligible patients(76.0%male;87.8%aged≥25 years)were included,of which 117(6.8%)had PDR.The highest rates of PDR were 12.2%in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan and 9.3 and 8.9%in Dehong and Lincang Prefecture of Yunnan.A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among intravenous drug users(adjusted Odds Ratio(aOR)=2.64,95%CI:1.57–4.44)and individuals from Liangshan,Dehong,and Lincang(aOR=2.04,95%CI:1.26–3.30).In total,754 sequences were used to generate 164 transmission networks.Five transmission networks had two or three sequences containing the same mutations,two networks contained subjects from Liangshan,and one network contained subjects from Dehong.Conclusions:Overall,the PDR prevalence was moderate,with a particularly high prevalence in areas with severe HIV epidemics.These results indicate the importance of continuous PDR monitoring in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.展开更多
Background：Human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） is spreading rapidly among men who have sex with men （MSM） in China.Anonymous questionnaires or direct interviews have been frequently used to study their behavior.Th...Background：Human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） is spreading rapidly among men who have sex with men （MSM） in China.Anonymous questionnaires or direct interviews have been frequently used to study their behavior.The aim of the study was to describe the behavioral risk profile of the MSM in Beijing using the randomized response techniques （RRTs）.Methods：A cross-sectional survey of sexual behavior among a sample of MSM was conducted in two HIV counseling and testing clinics in Beijing.The survey was carried out with an anonymous questionnaire containing sensitive questions on sexual behavior.To obtain the honest responses to the sensitive questions,three distinctive RRTs were used in the questionnaire：（1） Additive randomized response model for quantitative questions,（2） randomized response model for multiple choice questions,and （3） Simmons randomized response model for binomial questions.Formulae for the point estimate,variance,and confidence interval （CI） were provided for each specific model.Results：Using RRTs in a sample of 659 participants,the mean age at first homosexual encounter was estimated to be 21.7 years （95% CI：21.2-22.2）,and each had sex with about three （2.9,95% CI：2.4-3.4） male partners on average in the past month.The estimated rate for consistent condom use was 56.4% （95% CI：50.1-62.8%）.In addition,condom was estimated to be used among 80.0% （95% CI：74.1-85.9%） of the population during last anal sex with a male partner.Conclusions：Our study employed RRTs in a survey containing questions on sexual behavior among MSM,and the results showed that RRT might be a useful tool to obtain truthful feedback on sensitive information such as sexual behavior from the respondents,especially in traditional Chinese cultural settings.展开更多
The relationship of HLA-A, -Cw alleles on HIV infection and AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group of Sichuan province were investigated. The genetic polymorphisms of HLA-A, -Cw alleles of 102 unrelat...The relationship of HLA-A, -Cw alleles on HIV infection and AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group of Sichuan province were investigated. The genetic polymorphisms of HLA-A, -Cw alleles of 102 unrelated healthy Chinese Yi ethnic individuals, 68 HIV-1 infected and 21 HIV positive long-time survivors were typed by PCR-SSP assay. Statistic signifiance was determined by the χ2 test with the SPSS software. No significant differences were observed between the HLA-A, -Cw alleles of the 68 HIV-1 infected and 102 non-infected Chinese Yi control individuals. Whereas the prevalence of A*3601,Cw*14(01-03)and Cw*0304 was significantly higher in 21 long time survivors compared with 102 healthy controls with P values of 0.016, 0.016 and 0.000 by χ2 or the Fisher exact test respectively. The result implies that A*3601,Cw*14(01-03) and Cw*0304 may be associated with slow AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group, further studies on this association may yield insight on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.展开更多
Objective To study the specific amino acid variation in Nef that may be related to disease progression after infection with HIV-1 subtype B, a predominant strain circulating in China, and to determine whether changes ...Objective To study the specific amino acid variation in Nef that may be related to disease progression after infection with HIV-1 subtype B, a predominant strain circulating in China, and to determine whether changes in Nef secondary structure may influence different stages of AIDS development based on the concept that the Nef gene of HIV infection dramatically alter the severity of viral infection and virus replication and disease progression, and that long-term non-progressors （LTNP） of HIV infection are commonly associated with either a deletion of the Nef gene or the defective Nef alleles. Methods The study subjects were divided into LTNPI（n=14）, LTNP2 （n=16） and slow progressor （SP, n=19） groups for mutational analysis of the Nef sequence. The data were obtained by using Bioedit, MEGA, Anthewin and SAS software. Results Residues in Nef TA48/49 and K151 occurred more frequently in the LTNP group while AA48/49 was more frequently observed in the SP group. Of the differences observed in the secondary structure comparison using Nef consensus sequences of these three groups, one was roughly corresponding to the Nef48/49 mutation site. Conclusion TA48/49, Kiss, and AA48/49 in the Nef gene might be associated with the different stages of HIV infection, and there may be a link between the Nef secondary structure and the progression of HIV- 1 infection.展开更多
Objective To characterize the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） -specific T lymphocyte responses and identify the immunodominant regions in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C chronic infectors at complete genome...Objective To characterize the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） -specific T lymphocyte responses and identify the immunodominant regions in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C chronic infectors at complete genome level. Methods Twenty-five HIV-I B/C recombinant chronic infectors were screened for their specific T lymphocyte responses to a panel of peptides corresponding to the complete HIV-1 subtype B genome by gamma interferon ELISPOT assay. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance was used to test significant differences across gene regions, and Tukey pairwise analysis was used to identify differences between gene regions. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the relation between responses. Results The order of recognized frequencies of specific T lymphocyte responses to HIV proteins was Nef〉Vpr〉Gag〉Pol〉Vpu〉Env〉Rev〉Vif〉Tat. When adjusted for protein length, Nef, Vpr, Gag, and Pol were the most intensely targeted proteins and the central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr was most frequently recognized. No significant correlation was observed between the magnitude of IFN-γ production of HIV-l-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia, breadth of response and CD4 counts. Conclusion The central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr is most frequently targeted in HIV-1 B/C recombinants chronic infectors. HIV-1-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia or CD4 counts play no protective role at complete genome level in these infectors.展开更多
Objective Conflicting data have been generated from previous studies to determine which kind of relationship exists between HIV-1 specific CD8 Tcell responses and HIV-1 viral load or CD4 count over the course of infec...Objective Conflicting data have been generated from previous studies to determine which kind of relationship exists between HIV-1 specific CD8 Tcell responses and HIV-1 viral load or CD4 count over the course of infection.In this study,153 HIV-1 infected LTNPs were enrolled to investigate the role of HIV-1 specific CD8 T-cell responses in chronic HIV-1 infection among HIV-1 infected former blood donors.Methods The patients were stratified into three groups according to CD4 count：CD4≥500 cells/μL;350 cells/μL≤CD4〈500 cells/μL;CD4〈350 cells/μL.PBMCs were isolated from the patients＇ anticoagulated blood samples.IL-2 and IFN-γ secretions of CD 8 T cells against 17 HIV-1 consensus B full peptide pools were analyzed by using ICS assay.Results An overall inverse correlation were observed between CD4 count and plasma viral load.Although no significant difference was observed during the comparisons of frequency/breadth of HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses,CD4 count stratification analysis showed that different correlation pattern existed in three strata：as for patients whose CD4 counts were less than 350 cells/μL,no significant correlations were identified between frequency/breadth of HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 count/viral load;as for patients whose CD4 counts ranged from 350 cells /μL to 500 cells/μL,significant correlation was only observed between the response breadth of IL-2＋IFN-γ＋ CD8 T cells and CD4 count;however,as for patients whose CD4 counts were more than 500 cells/μL,direct correlations were identified between IL-2＋IFN-γ＋/IL-2＋/IFN-γ＋ CD8 T cells and viral load or CD4 count.Conclusions Universal consistent inverse correlation was only indentified between CD4 count and viral load.The relationship between HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 count/viral load varied in different CD4 strata,which showed that better preserved CD4 T cells were correlated with better CD8 T cell functions.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11471336)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017ZX10201101)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Bureau(AB16380213)Guangxi Bagui Honor Scholarship,and Chinese State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control.
文摘Background:After the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for HIV infected people,increasing numbers of patients have pretreatment drug resistance(PDR).In this study,the prevalence of PDR was evaluated in adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in China.Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 1943 patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy(ART)in 2017 from 13 provinces or cities in China.Pol sequences were used to analyze drug resistance and construct transmission networks.Logistic regression model was used to estimate the potential factors associated with PDR.Results:In total,1711 eligible patients(76.0%male;87.8%aged≥25 years)were included,of which 117(6.8%)had PDR.The highest rates of PDR were 12.2%in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan and 9.3 and 8.9%in Dehong and Lincang Prefecture of Yunnan.A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PDR was significantly higher among intravenous drug users(adjusted Odds Ratio(aOR)=2.64,95%CI:1.57–4.44)and individuals from Liangshan,Dehong,and Lincang(aOR=2.04,95%CI:1.26–3.30).In total,754 sequences were used to generate 164 transmission networks.Five transmission networks had two or three sequences containing the same mutations,two networks contained subjects from Liangshan,and one network contained subjects from Dehong.Conclusions:Overall,the PDR prevalence was moderate,with a particularly high prevalence in areas with severe HIV epidemics.These results indicate the importance of continuous PDR monitoring in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Background：Human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） is spreading rapidly among men who have sex with men （MSM） in China.Anonymous questionnaires or direct interviews have been frequently used to study their behavior.The aim of the study was to describe the behavioral risk profile of the MSM in Beijing using the randomized response techniques （RRTs）.Methods：A cross-sectional survey of sexual behavior among a sample of MSM was conducted in two HIV counseling and testing clinics in Beijing.The survey was carried out with an anonymous questionnaire containing sensitive questions on sexual behavior.To obtain the honest responses to the sensitive questions,three distinctive RRTs were used in the questionnaire：（1） Additive randomized response model for quantitative questions,（2） randomized response model for multiple choice questions,and （3） Simmons randomized response model for binomial questions.Formulae for the point estimate,variance,and confidence interval （CI） were provided for each specific model.Results：Using RRTs in a sample of 659 participants,the mean age at first homosexual encounter was estimated to be 21.7 years （95% CI：21.2-22.2）,and each had sex with about three （2.9,95% CI：2.4-3.4） male partners on average in the past month.The estimated rate for consistent condom use was 56.4% （95% CI：50.1-62.8%）.In addition,condom was estimated to be used among 80.0% （95% CI：74.1-85.9%） of the population during last anal sex with a male partner.Conclusions：Our study employed RRTs in a survey containing questions on sexual behavior among MSM,and the results showed that RRT might be a useful tool to obtain truthful feedback on sensitive information such as sexual behavior from the respondents,especially in traditional Chinese cultural settings.
文摘The relationship of HLA-A, -Cw alleles on HIV infection and AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group of Sichuan province were investigated. The genetic polymorphisms of HLA-A, -Cw alleles of 102 unrelated healthy Chinese Yi ethnic individuals, 68 HIV-1 infected and 21 HIV positive long-time survivors were typed by PCR-SSP assay. Statistic signifiance was determined by the χ2 test with the SPSS software. No significant differences were observed between the HLA-A, -Cw alleles of the 68 HIV-1 infected and 102 non-infected Chinese Yi control individuals. Whereas the prevalence of A*3601,Cw*14(01-03)and Cw*0304 was significantly higher in 21 long time survivors compared with 102 healthy controls with P values of 0.016, 0.016 and 0.000 by χ2 or the Fisher exact test respectively. The result implies that A*3601,Cw*14(01-03) and Cw*0304 may be associated with slow AIDS disease progression in the Chinese Yi ethnic group, further studies on this association may yield insight on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
基金supported by an NIH CIPRA grant (U19A151915-03)It was also supported by China 863 National High Technology Research and Development Project (2006AA02Z418)China 973 National key Project (2005 CB522903).
文摘Objective To study the specific amino acid variation in Nef that may be related to disease progression after infection with HIV-1 subtype B, a predominant strain circulating in China, and to determine whether changes in Nef secondary structure may influence different stages of AIDS development based on the concept that the Nef gene of HIV infection dramatically alter the severity of viral infection and virus replication and disease progression, and that long-term non-progressors （LTNP） of HIV infection are commonly associated with either a deletion of the Nef gene or the defective Nef alleles. Methods The study subjects were divided into LTNPI（n=14）, LTNP2 （n=16） and slow progressor （SP, n=19） groups for mutational analysis of the Nef sequence. The data were obtained by using Bioedit, MEGA, Anthewin and SAS software. Results Residues in Nef TA48/49 and K151 occurred more frequently in the LTNP group while AA48/49 was more frequently observed in the SP group. Of the differences observed in the secondary structure comparison using Nef consensus sequences of these three groups, one was roughly corresponding to the Nef48/49 mutation site. Conclusion TA48/49, Kiss, and AA48/49 in the Nef gene might be associated with the different stages of HIV infection, and there may be a link between the Nef secondary structure and the progression of HIV- 1 infection.
文摘Objective To characterize the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） -specific T lymphocyte responses and identify the immunodominant regions in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C chronic infectors at complete genome level. Methods Twenty-five HIV-I B/C recombinant chronic infectors were screened for their specific T lymphocyte responses to a panel of peptides corresponding to the complete HIV-1 subtype B genome by gamma interferon ELISPOT assay. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance was used to test significant differences across gene regions, and Tukey pairwise analysis was used to identify differences between gene regions. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the relation between responses. Results The order of recognized frequencies of specific T lymphocyte responses to HIV proteins was Nef〉Vpr〉Gag〉Pol〉Vpu〉Env〉Rev〉Vif〉Tat. When adjusted for protein length, Nef, Vpr, Gag, and Pol were the most intensely targeted proteins and the central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr was most frequently recognized. No significant correlation was observed between the magnitude of IFN-γ production of HIV-l-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia, breadth of response and CD4 counts. Conclusion The central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr is most frequently targeted in HIV-1 B/C recombinants chronic infectors. HIV-1-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia or CD4 counts play no protective role at complete genome level in these infectors.
文摘Objective Conflicting data have been generated from previous studies to determine which kind of relationship exists between HIV-1 specific CD8 Tcell responses and HIV-1 viral load or CD4 count over the course of infection.In this study,153 HIV-1 infected LTNPs were enrolled to investigate the role of HIV-1 specific CD8 T-cell responses in chronic HIV-1 infection among HIV-1 infected former blood donors.Methods The patients were stratified into three groups according to CD4 count：CD4≥500 cells/μL;350 cells/μL≤CD4〈500 cells/μL;CD4〈350 cells/μL.PBMCs were isolated from the patients＇ anticoagulated blood samples.IL-2 and IFN-γ secretions of CD 8 T cells against 17 HIV-1 consensus B full peptide pools were analyzed by using ICS assay.Results An overall inverse correlation were observed between CD4 count and plasma viral load.Although no significant difference was observed during the comparisons of frequency/breadth of HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses,CD4 count stratification analysis showed that different correlation pattern existed in three strata：as for patients whose CD4 counts were less than 350 cells/μL,no significant correlations were identified between frequency/breadth of HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 count/viral load;as for patients whose CD4 counts ranged from 350 cells /μL to 500 cells/μL,significant correlation was only observed between the response breadth of IL-2＋IFN-γ＋ CD8 T cells and CD4 count;however,as for patients whose CD4 counts were more than 500 cells/μL,direct correlations were identified between IL-2＋IFN-γ＋/IL-2＋/IFN-γ＋ CD8 T cells and viral load or CD4 count.Conclusions Universal consistent inverse correlation was only indentified between CD4 count and viral load.The relationship between HIV-1 specific CD8 T cell responses and CD4 count/viral load varied in different CD4 strata,which showed that better preserved CD4 T cells were correlated with better CD8 T cell functions.
