冰川反照率影响着冰川表面能量收支状况,其强烈的反馈机制是驱动冰川物质平衡变化的关键因素。本文基于MOD10A1和MYD10A1反照率产品、萨吾尔山冰川物质平衡大地测量法结果、木斯岛冰川实测反照率及物质平衡,开展了2000—2022年萨吾尔山...冰川反照率影响着冰川表面能量收支状况,其强烈的反馈机制是驱动冰川物质平衡变化的关键因素。本文基于MOD10A1和MYD10A1反照率产品、萨吾尔山冰川物质平衡大地测量法结果、木斯岛冰川实测反照率及物质平衡,开展了2000—2022年萨吾尔山冰川反照率变化及物质平衡估算研究。结果表明,2000—2022年,消融期内萨吾尔山冰川平均反照率下降了约0.035,变化速率约为0.0015 a^(-1)。最小反照率最早出现时间为6月16日,最晚出现时间为9月8日,平均以10 d·(10a)^(-1)的速率提前。在95%的置信水平下,木斯岛冰川反照率-物质平衡模型(A-Ms模型,即单条冰川模型)的决定系数R^(2)为0.84。基于冰川编目及现场环境考察,将萨吾尔山冰川划分为冰斗冰川、山谷冰川和悬冰川,对应类型的A-Mr模型(区域冰川模型)的决定系数R^(2)分别为0.81、0.74和0.72。2000—2020年,A-Ms模型重建萨吾尔山冰川物质平衡值为-1.24 m w.e.·a^(-1),A-Mr模型相应的重建值为-0.90 m w.e.·a^(-1),A-Mr模型模拟结果更能反映萨吾尔山冰川的物质损失状况。与亚洲高山区各山地冰川相比,萨吾尔山冰川物质损失最大。展开更多
表碛覆盖型冰川在我国西部分布广泛,由于该类型冰川消融区域不同程度的被岩石碎屑所覆盖,消融状况与非表碛覆盖型冰川有较大差异,因此,开展表碛覆盖型冰川的消融模拟研究至关重要。本文以冰面气象数据为驱动,使用表碛覆盖型冰川能量平...表碛覆盖型冰川在我国西部分布广泛,由于该类型冰川消融区域不同程度的被岩石碎屑所覆盖,消融状况与非表碛覆盖型冰川有较大差异,因此,开展表碛覆盖型冰川的消融模拟研究至关重要。本文以冰面气象数据为驱动,使用表碛覆盖型冰川能量平衡模型对天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川表碛区进行能量和消融模拟。基于热传导过程和能量平衡方程,模型计算了表碛表面温度以及表碛层内部温度,并通过表碛内部温度估算下覆冰的消融量。结果表明:2008年夏季期间模型模拟的消融量为0.39 m w.e.,与消融花杆数据进行验证取得了较高的模拟精度(R2=0.92,RMSE=±0.03 m w.e.),表碛表面温度和内部10 cm深处温度的模拟值也与实测数据拟合较好(R2分别为0.91和0.60)。在表碛区的能量交换过程中,净短波辐射是唯一的能量收入项,感热通量是最大的能量支出项(49.7%),其次分别为传导热通量(消融耗热)(25.8%),净长波辐射(19.8%)和潜热通量(4.6%),降水热量不足1%。云量对表碛区的气象和能量特征有着显著的影响,阴天条件下表碛区的入射短波辐射峰值从晴天的854 W·m^(-2)降至587 W·m^(-2),下行长波辐射和相对湿度增加,平均消融量比晴天减少了12%。此外,对表碛关键参数的敏感性分析表明,模拟的消融量对导热系数的变化最为敏感,反照率和表面粗糙度的变化量同样不可忽视。展开更多
The mass elevation effect(MEE)is a thermal effect,in which heating produced by long wave radiation on a mountain surface generates atmospheric uplift,which has a profound impact on the hydrothermal conditions and natu...The mass elevation effect(MEE)is a thermal effect,in which heating produced by long wave radiation on a mountain surface generates atmospheric uplift,which has a profound impact on the hydrothermal conditions and natural geographical processes in mountainous areas.Based on multi-source remote sensing data and field observations,a spatial downscaling inversion of temperature in the Tianshan Mountains in China was conducted,and the MEE was estimated and a spatio-temporal analysis was conducted.The Geo Detector model(GDM)and a geographically weighted regression(GWR)model were applied to explore the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the study area.Four key results can be obtained.(1)The temperature pattern is complex and diverse,and the overall temperature presented a pattern of high in the south and east,but low in the north and west.There were clear zonal features of temperature that were negatively correlated with altitude,and the temperature difference between the internal and external areas of the mountains.(2)The warming effect of mountains was prominent,and the temperature at the same altitude increased in steps from west to east and north to south.Geomorphological units,such as large valleys and intermontane basins,weakened the latitudinal zonality and altitudinal dependence of temperature at the same altitude,with the warming effect of mountains in the southern Tianshan Mountains.(3)The dominant factors affecting the overall pattern of the MEE were topography and location,among which the difference between the internal and external areas of the mountains,and the absolute elevation played a prominent role.The interaction between factors had a greater influence on the spatial differentiation of mountain effects than single factors,and there was a strong interaction between terrain and climate,precipitation,nthe normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and other factors.(4)There was a spatial heterogeneity in the direction and intensity of the spatial variation of the MEE.Absolute elevation was signific展开更多
文摘冰川反照率影响着冰川表面能量收支状况,其强烈的反馈机制是驱动冰川物质平衡变化的关键因素。本文基于MOD10A1和MYD10A1反照率产品、萨吾尔山冰川物质平衡大地测量法结果、木斯岛冰川实测反照率及物质平衡,开展了2000—2022年萨吾尔山冰川反照率变化及物质平衡估算研究。结果表明,2000—2022年,消融期内萨吾尔山冰川平均反照率下降了约0.035,变化速率约为0.0015 a^(-1)。最小反照率最早出现时间为6月16日,最晚出现时间为9月8日,平均以10 d·(10a)^(-1)的速率提前。在95%的置信水平下,木斯岛冰川反照率-物质平衡模型(A-Ms模型,即单条冰川模型)的决定系数R^(2)为0.84。基于冰川编目及现场环境考察,将萨吾尔山冰川划分为冰斗冰川、山谷冰川和悬冰川,对应类型的A-Mr模型(区域冰川模型)的决定系数R^(2)分别为0.81、0.74和0.72。2000—2020年,A-Ms模型重建萨吾尔山冰川物质平衡值为-1.24 m w.e.·a^(-1),A-Mr模型相应的重建值为-0.90 m w.e.·a^(-1),A-Mr模型模拟结果更能反映萨吾尔山冰川的物质损失状况。与亚洲高山区各山地冰川相比,萨吾尔山冰川物质损失最大。
文摘表碛覆盖型冰川在我国西部分布广泛,由于该类型冰川消融区域不同程度的被岩石碎屑所覆盖,消融状况与非表碛覆盖型冰川有较大差异,因此,开展表碛覆盖型冰川的消融模拟研究至关重要。本文以冰面气象数据为驱动,使用表碛覆盖型冰川能量平衡模型对天山托木尔峰青冰滩72号冰川表碛区进行能量和消融模拟。基于热传导过程和能量平衡方程,模型计算了表碛表面温度以及表碛层内部温度,并通过表碛内部温度估算下覆冰的消融量。结果表明:2008年夏季期间模型模拟的消融量为0.39 m w.e.,与消融花杆数据进行验证取得了较高的模拟精度(R2=0.92,RMSE=±0.03 m w.e.),表碛表面温度和内部10 cm深处温度的模拟值也与实测数据拟合较好(R2分别为0.91和0.60)。在表碛区的能量交换过程中,净短波辐射是唯一的能量收入项,感热通量是最大的能量支出项(49.7%),其次分别为传导热通量(消融耗热)(25.8%),净长波辐射(19.8%)和潜热通量(4.6%),降水热量不足1%。云量对表碛区的气象和能量特征有着显著的影响,阴天条件下表碛区的入射短波辐射峰值从晴天的854 W·m^(-2)降至587 W·m^(-2),下行长波辐射和相对湿度增加,平均消融量比晴天减少了12%。此外,对表碛关键参数的敏感性分析表明,模拟的消融量对导热系数的变化最为敏感,反照率和表面粗糙度的变化量同样不可忽视。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41761108。
文摘The mass elevation effect(MEE)is a thermal effect,in which heating produced by long wave radiation on a mountain surface generates atmospheric uplift,which has a profound impact on the hydrothermal conditions and natural geographical processes in mountainous areas.Based on multi-source remote sensing data and field observations,a spatial downscaling inversion of temperature in the Tianshan Mountains in China was conducted,and the MEE was estimated and a spatio-temporal analysis was conducted.The Geo Detector model(GDM)and a geographically weighted regression(GWR)model were applied to explore the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the study area.Four key results can be obtained.(1)The temperature pattern is complex and diverse,and the overall temperature presented a pattern of high in the south and east,but low in the north and west.There were clear zonal features of temperature that were negatively correlated with altitude,and the temperature difference between the internal and external areas of the mountains.(2)The warming effect of mountains was prominent,and the temperature at the same altitude increased in steps from west to east and north to south.Geomorphological units,such as large valleys and intermontane basins,weakened the latitudinal zonality and altitudinal dependence of temperature at the same altitude,with the warming effect of mountains in the southern Tianshan Mountains.(3)The dominant factors affecting the overall pattern of the MEE were topography and location,among which the difference between the internal and external areas of the mountains,and the absolute elevation played a prominent role.The interaction between factors had a greater influence on the spatial differentiation of mountain effects than single factors,and there was a strong interaction between terrain and climate,precipitation,nthe normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),and other factors.(4)There was a spatial heterogeneity in the direction and intensity of the spatial variation of the MEE.Absolute elevation was signific
