为了在永昌荒漠化灌区获得紫花苜蓿(Medicago sative)的高产节水技术,本研究以甘农3号紫花苜蓿为试验材料,在地下滴灌方式下,采取人工控制土壤水分的方法,对不同水分胁迫下紫花苜蓿的光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及地上生物量进行研究。结...为了在永昌荒漠化灌区获得紫花苜蓿(Medicago sative)的高产节水技术,本研究以甘农3号紫花苜蓿为试验材料,在地下滴灌方式下,采取人工控制土壤水分的方法,对不同水分胁迫下紫花苜蓿的光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及地上生物量进行研究。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加剧,影响紫花苜蓿的光合特性的因素由气孔限制逐渐转变为非气孔限制,水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)呈先上升后下降趋势,在10:00和16:00左右时轻度水分胁迫的WUE显著大于充分灌溉的;随着水分胁迫的加剧,叶绿素总含量均先升高后降低,表明在轻度水分胁迫下更有利于叶绿素的合成;随着水分胁迫的加剧,紫花苜蓿的叶绿素荧光参数下降幅度逐渐加大,干草产量也逐渐下降,严重的水分胁迫会抑制了PSⅡ的光化学活性,从而影响了紫花苜蓿的干草产量;轻度水分胁迫与充分灌溉之间无显著差异,这体现了在轻度水分胁迫下也能够达到高产的目的。展开更多
目的探讨高、低频重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)大脑初级运动皮层(M1区)治疗卒中后上肢痉挛的临床疗效及差异。方法纳入我院神经内科和中医理疗科卒中后痉挛性偏瘫患者60例,随机分为高频rT MS组...目的探讨高、低频重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)大脑初级运动皮层(M1区)治疗卒中后上肢痉挛的临床疗效及差异。方法纳入我院神经内科和中医理疗科卒中后痉挛性偏瘫患者60例,随机分为高频rT MS组、低频rTMS组和假刺激组各20例。高频rTMS组刺激患侧M1区,刺激频率为10 Hz,刺激强度为80%运动阈值;低频rTMS组刺激健侧M1区,刺激频率为1 Hz,刺激强度为90%运动阈值;假刺激组接受相同噪声与时间的假刺激治疗。所有患者均接受常规康复治疗。各组患者分别在治疗前及治疗8周后采用改良Ashworth痉挛评定量表(modified Ashworth scale,MAS)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表中上肢运动功能测试部分(upper extremities motor function test of Fugl-Meyer movement assessment,U-FMA)和改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)进行评定。以上治疗均1次/日,5次/周,连续治疗8周。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后三组患者上肢MAS、U-FMA和MBI评分均有显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后,高频rTMS组和低频rTMS组比假刺激组的上肢MAS、U-FMA和MBI评分改善更明显,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但低频rTMS组和高频rTMS组上肢MAS、U-FMA和MBI评分比较,差异无统计学意义。结论健侧低频与患侧高频rTMS刺激大脑M1区均可有效改善患者的临床症状和运动功能障碍。两种经颅磁刺激方案临床疗效相当。展开更多
The application of fertilizer in agricultural production has become universally common for achieving high crop yields and economic benefits, but it has potential impacts on food safety, energy crisis and environmental...The application of fertilizer in agricultural production has become universally common for achieving high crop yields and economic benefits, but it has potential impacts on food safety, energy crisis and environmental pollution. Optimal management of fertilization is thus necessary for maintaining sustainable agriculture. Two-year（2013–2015） field experiment was conducted, in Yangling（108°24′E, 34°20′N, and 521 m a.s.l.）, Shaanxi Province, China, to explore the effects of different nitrogen（N） applications on biomass accumulation, crop N uptake, nitrate N（NO_3~–-N） distribution, yield, and N use with a winter wheat/summer maize rotation system. The N applications consisted of conventional urea（U）（at 80（U80）, 160（U160）, and 240（U240） kg N ha^（–1）; 40% applied as a basal fertilizer and 60% top-dressed at jointing stage） and controlled-release urea（CRU）（at 60（C60）, 120（C120）, 180（C180）, and 240（C240） kg N ha~（^（–1））; all applied as a basal fertilizer） with no N application as a control（CK）. The continuous release of N from CRU matched well with the N demands of crop throughout entire growing stages. Soil NO_3~–-N content varied less and peaked shallower in CRU than that in urea treatments. The differences, however, were smaller in winter wheat than that in summer maize seasons. The average yield of summer maize was the highest in C120 in CRU treatments and in U160 in urea treatments, and apparent N use efficiency（NUE） and N agronomic efficiency（NAE） were higher in C120 than in U160 by averages of 22.67 and 41.91%, respectively. The average yield of winter wheat was the highest in C180 in CRU treatments and in U240 in urea treatments with C180 increasing NUE and NAE by averages of 14.89 and 35.62% over U240, respectively. The annual yields under the two N fertilizers were the highest in C120 and U160. The results suggested that CRU as a basal fertilizer once could be a promising alternative of urea as split application展开更多
Background Most HCC patients with decompensation of liver function lost the chance of surgical and/or interventional treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and outcome of radiofrequency ablation ...Background Most HCC patients with decompensation of liver function lost the chance of surgical and/or interventional treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and outcome of radiofrequency ablation （RFA） in treating hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients with poor liver function （Child-Pugh class C）, who are not suitable for surgery or hepatic artery chemo-embolization.Methods Thirteen HCC patients （the number of tumors was 17） with liver function of Child-Pugh C （scores： 10.2±0.4）were included in the study. Among the patients, 8 were male and 5 were female with the average age of （61.6±10.9）years old. The average size of HCC was （3.8±1.0） cm. Two patients were recurrent HCC and 30.8% of the patients had multiple tumors （2-3 tumors）. All the patients were treated with RFA.Results There were 22 RFA sessions （1-4 sessions per patient） in all, average ablations per tumor at first session was 3.1. One week after RFA, the liver enzymes elevated in 9 patients （69.2%）, in 7 of them, the liver enzyme returned to pre-RFA level in 1-3 months. One month after RFA, the Child-Pugh grading was 10.3±0.8 （Child-Pugh C）, while that of pre-RFA was 10.2±0.4 （Child-Pugh C）, with no significant difference. Computer tomography （CT） one month after RFA showed that the tumor necrosis rate was 88.2% （15/17）. Five patients had 2-4 repeated RFA due to HCC recurrence.During the follow-up of 2-69 months in this group, survival rate of one year was 53.8%, two years was 30.8%, and three year was 15.4%. The incidence of RFA-related complications was 13.6% （3/22 sessions）, including 1 case of GI hemorrhage and 1 sub-capsular hemorrhage of the liver. One patient with HCC over 5 cm who had fever and liver abscess after RFA, and was dead 2 months later due to liver function failure.Conclusions Minimal invasive RFA provides possible treatment modality for HCC patients with poor liver function, who are not candidates for surgical and/or interventional therapy. For 展开更多
Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in a...Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in arid and semiarid areas. Supplemental irrigation would still be needed to achieve a higher production. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons （2012-2013 and 2013-2014）to determine an appropriate amount of supplemental irrigation to be applied to winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage with RFRH planting pattern. Four treatments, including supplemental irrigation amount of 0 （I1）, 60 mm （I2） and 120 mm （I3） with RFRH planting pattern and a control （CK） irrigated with 120 mm with flat planting pattern, were set up to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on aboveground dry matter （ADM）, nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）, radiation use efficiency （RUE）, water use efficiency （WUE）, and seed yield and oil content of the oilseed rape. Results showed that supplemental irrigation improved NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE. However, the NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE did not increase significantly or even showed a downward trend with excessive irrigation. Seed yield was the highest in 13 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 13 averaged 3235 kg ha^-1 and 8.85 kg ha^-1 mm-1, respectively. The highest WUE was occurred in 12 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 12 averaged 3089 kg ha^-1 and 9.63 kg ha^-1 mm^-1, respectively. Compared to 13, 12 used 60 mm less irrigation amount, had an 8.9% higher WUE, but only 4.5 and 0.4% lower seed yield and oil content, respectively. 12 saved water without substantially sacrificing yield or oil content, so it is recommended as an appropriate cultivation and irrigation schedule for winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage.展开更多
We present a non-uniform granular system in one-dimensional case, whose granularity distribution has the fractal characteristic. The particles are subject to inelastic mutual collisions and obey Langevin equation betw...We present a non-uniform granular system in one-dimensional case, whose granularity distribution has the fractal characteristic. The particles are subject to inelastic mutual collisions and obey Langevin equation between collisions. By Monte Carlo simulation we study the dynamic actions of the system. Far from the equilibrium, i.e., τ 〉〉 τe, the results of simulation indicate that the inhomogeneity of the system and the inelasticity of the particles have great influences on the dynamic properties of the system, and correspondingly the influence of the inhomogeneity is more significant.展开更多
We introduce a continuous weight attack strategy and numerically investigate the effect of continuous weight attack strategy on the Barabasi-Albert （BA） scale-free network and the Erdos-Rdnyi （ER） random network. ...We introduce a continuous weight attack strategy and numerically investigate the effect of continuous weight attack strategy on the Barabasi-Albert （BA） scale-free network and the Erdos-Rdnyi （ER） random network. We use a weight coefficient ω to define the attack intensity. The weight coefficient ω increases continuously from 1 to infinity, where 1 represents no attack and infinity represents complete destructive attack. Our results show that the continuous weight attack on two selected nodes with small ω （ω≈ 3） could achieve the same damage of complete elimination of a single selected node on both BA and ER networks. It is found that the continuous weight attack on a single selected edge with small ω （ω≈ 2） can reach the same effect of complete elimination of a single edge on BA network, but on ER network the damage of the continuous weight attack on a single edge is c/ose to but always smaller than that of complete elimination of edge even if ω is very large.展开更多
文摘为了在永昌荒漠化灌区获得紫花苜蓿(Medicago sative)的高产节水技术,本研究以甘农3号紫花苜蓿为试验材料,在地下滴灌方式下,采取人工控制土壤水分的方法,对不同水分胁迫下紫花苜蓿的光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及地上生物量进行研究。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加剧,影响紫花苜蓿的光合特性的因素由气孔限制逐渐转变为非气孔限制,水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)呈先上升后下降趋势,在10:00和16:00左右时轻度水分胁迫的WUE显著大于充分灌溉的;随着水分胁迫的加剧,叶绿素总含量均先升高后降低,表明在轻度水分胁迫下更有利于叶绿素的合成;随着水分胁迫的加剧,紫花苜蓿的叶绿素荧光参数下降幅度逐渐加大,干草产量也逐渐下降,严重的水分胁迫会抑制了PSⅡ的光化学活性,从而影响了紫花苜蓿的干草产量;轻度水分胁迫与充分灌溉之间无显著差异,这体现了在轻度水分胁迫下也能够达到高产的目的。
文摘目的探讨高、低频重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)大脑初级运动皮层(M1区)治疗卒中后上肢痉挛的临床疗效及差异。方法纳入我院神经内科和中医理疗科卒中后痉挛性偏瘫患者60例,随机分为高频rT MS组、低频rTMS组和假刺激组各20例。高频rTMS组刺激患侧M1区,刺激频率为10 Hz,刺激强度为80%运动阈值;低频rTMS组刺激健侧M1区,刺激频率为1 Hz,刺激强度为90%运动阈值;假刺激组接受相同噪声与时间的假刺激治疗。所有患者均接受常规康复治疗。各组患者分别在治疗前及治疗8周后采用改良Ashworth痉挛评定量表(modified Ashworth scale,MAS)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表中上肢运动功能测试部分(upper extremities motor function test of Fugl-Meyer movement assessment,U-FMA)和改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)进行评定。以上治疗均1次/日,5次/周,连续治疗8周。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后三组患者上肢MAS、U-FMA和MBI评分均有显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后,高频rTMS组和低频rTMS组比假刺激组的上肢MAS、U-FMA和MBI评分改善更明显,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但低频rTMS组和高频rTMS组上肢MAS、U-FMA和MBI评分比较,差异无统计学意义。结论健侧低频与患侧高频rTMS刺激大脑M1区均可有效改善患者的临床症状和运动功能障碍。两种经颅磁刺激方案临床疗效相当。
基金financially supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program,2011AA100504)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503105 and 201503125)
文摘The application of fertilizer in agricultural production has become universally common for achieving high crop yields and economic benefits, but it has potential impacts on food safety, energy crisis and environmental pollution. Optimal management of fertilization is thus necessary for maintaining sustainable agriculture. Two-year（2013–2015） field experiment was conducted, in Yangling（108°24′E, 34°20′N, and 521 m a.s.l.）, Shaanxi Province, China, to explore the effects of different nitrogen（N） applications on biomass accumulation, crop N uptake, nitrate N（NO_3~–-N） distribution, yield, and N use with a winter wheat/summer maize rotation system. The N applications consisted of conventional urea（U）（at 80（U80）, 160（U160）, and 240（U240） kg N ha^（–1）; 40% applied as a basal fertilizer and 60% top-dressed at jointing stage） and controlled-release urea（CRU）（at 60（C60）, 120（C120）, 180（C180）, and 240（C240） kg N ha~（^（–1））; all applied as a basal fertilizer） with no N application as a control（CK）. The continuous release of N from CRU matched well with the N demands of crop throughout entire growing stages. Soil NO_3~–-N content varied less and peaked shallower in CRU than that in urea treatments. The differences, however, were smaller in winter wheat than that in summer maize seasons. The average yield of summer maize was the highest in C120 in CRU treatments and in U160 in urea treatments, and apparent N use efficiency（NUE） and N agronomic efficiency（NAE） were higher in C120 than in U160 by averages of 22.67 and 41.91%, respectively. The average yield of winter wheat was the highest in C180 in CRU treatments and in U240 in urea treatments with C180 increasing NUE and NAE by averages of 14.89 and 35.62% over U240, respectively. The annual yields under the two N fertilizers were the highest in C120 and U160. The results suggested that CRU as a basal fertilizer once could be a promising alternative of urea as split application
文摘Background Most HCC patients with decompensation of liver function lost the chance of surgical and/or interventional treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and outcome of radiofrequency ablation （RFA） in treating hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients with poor liver function （Child-Pugh class C）, who are not suitable for surgery or hepatic artery chemo-embolization.Methods Thirteen HCC patients （the number of tumors was 17） with liver function of Child-Pugh C （scores： 10.2±0.4）were included in the study. Among the patients, 8 were male and 5 were female with the average age of （61.6±10.9）years old. The average size of HCC was （3.8±1.0） cm. Two patients were recurrent HCC and 30.8% of the patients had multiple tumors （2-3 tumors）. All the patients were treated with RFA.Results There were 22 RFA sessions （1-4 sessions per patient） in all, average ablations per tumor at first session was 3.1. One week after RFA, the liver enzymes elevated in 9 patients （69.2%）, in 7 of them, the liver enzyme returned to pre-RFA level in 1-3 months. One month after RFA, the Child-Pugh grading was 10.3±0.8 （Child-Pugh C）, while that of pre-RFA was 10.2±0.4 （Child-Pugh C）, with no significant difference. Computer tomography （CT） one month after RFA showed that the tumor necrosis rate was 88.2% （15/17）. Five patients had 2-4 repeated RFA due to HCC recurrence.During the follow-up of 2-69 months in this group, survival rate of one year was 53.8%, two years was 30.8%, and three year was 15.4%. The incidence of RFA-related complications was 13.6% （3/22 sessions）, including 1 case of GI hemorrhage and 1 sub-capsular hemorrhage of the liver. One patient with HCC over 5 cm who had fever and liver abscess after RFA, and was dead 2 months later due to liver function failure.Conclusions Minimal invasive RFA provides possible treatment modality for HCC patients with poor liver function, who are not candidates for surgical and/or interventional therapy. For
基金supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest,China(201503105 and 201503125)the National High-Tech R&D Program of China(863 Program,2011AA100504)
文摘Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting （RFRH） planting pattern can lessen the effect of water deficits throughout all crop growth stages, but water shortage would remain unavoidable during some stages of crop growth in arid and semiarid areas. Supplemental irrigation would still be needed to achieve a higher production. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons （2012-2013 and 2013-2014）to determine an appropriate amount of supplemental irrigation to be applied to winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage with RFRH planting pattern. Four treatments, including supplemental irrigation amount of 0 （I1）, 60 mm （I2） and 120 mm （I3） with RFRH planting pattern and a control （CK） irrigated with 120 mm with flat planting pattern, were set up to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on aboveground dry matter （ADM）, nitrogen nutrition index （NNI）, radiation use efficiency （RUE）, water use efficiency （WUE）, and seed yield and oil content of the oilseed rape. Results showed that supplemental irrigation improved NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE. However, the NNI, RUE, seed yield and oil content, and WUE did not increase significantly or even showed a downward trend with excessive irrigation. Seed yield was the highest in 13 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 13 averaged 3235 kg ha^-1 and 8.85 kg ha^-1 mm-1, respectively. The highest WUE was occurred in 12 for both growing seasons. Seed yield and WUE in 12 averaged 3089 kg ha^-1 and 9.63 kg ha^-1 mm^-1, respectively. Compared to 13, 12 used 60 mm less irrigation amount, had an 8.9% higher WUE, but only 4.5 and 0.4% lower seed yield and oil content, respectively. 12 saved water without substantially sacrificing yield or oil content, so it is recommended as an appropriate cultivation and irrigation schedule for winter oilseed rape at the stem-elongation stage.
基金国家自然科学基金，the Sunshine Foundation of Wuhan City under
文摘We present a non-uniform granular system in one-dimensional case, whose granularity distribution has the fractal characteristic. The particles are subject to inelastic mutual collisions and obey Langevin equation between collisions. By Monte Carlo simulation we study the dynamic actions of the system. Far from the equilibrium, i.e., τ 〉〉 τe, the results of simulation indicate that the inhomogeneity of the system and the inelasticity of the particles have great influences on the dynamic properties of the system, and correspondingly the influence of the inhomogeneity is more significant.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10675048 and 10604017
文摘We introduce a continuous weight attack strategy and numerically investigate the effect of continuous weight attack strategy on the Barabasi-Albert （BA） scale-free network and the Erdos-Rdnyi （ER） random network. We use a weight coefficient ω to define the attack intensity. The weight coefficient ω increases continuously from 1 to infinity, where 1 represents no attack and infinity represents complete destructive attack. Our results show that the continuous weight attack on two selected nodes with small ω （ω≈ 3） could achieve the same damage of complete elimination of a single selected node on both BA and ER networks. It is found that the continuous weight attack on a single selected edge with small ω （ω≈ 2） can reach the same effect of complete elimination of a single edge on BA network, but on ER network the damage of the continuous weight attack on a single edge is c/ose to but always smaller than that of complete elimination of edge even if ω is very large.
