营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国2...营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国22个主要省市80家三甲医院共47488例16种常见恶性肿瘤住院患者,以患者主观整体评估(Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment,PG-SGA)评估患者营养状况,以定量评估区分营养不良严重程度:0~1分无营养不良,2~3分、4~8分、≥9分分别定义为可疑/轻度、中度、重度营养不良.方差分析比较不同特征肿瘤患者PG-SGA评分.肿瘤患者中、重度营养不良的发病率为58.2%(中度32.1%、重度26.1%),22.2%为可疑/轻度营养不良,只有19.6%的患者无营养不良.营养不良的发病存在瘤种、年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、治疗情况及地区差异:胰腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最高(9.58±5.74),乳腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最低(3.51±3.49);<45岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最低(4.84±4.50),≥70岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最高(7.82±5.10);女性肺癌(5.87vs.5.60,P=0.006)和胃癌(8.36 vs.7.81,P<0.001)PG-SGA评分高于男性;TNM分期较高的患者其PG-SGA评分也较高,其中胰腺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者PG-SGA评分最高,乳腺癌Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者PG-SGA评分均低于4分(3.05±2.83);接受手术治疗的患者PG-SGA评分最高(6.22±4.74),而目前还没有接受任何治疗的患者评分最低(5.61±4.68);华中区域PG-SGA评分最低(4.82±4.16),华东区域PG-SGA评分最高(7.31±5.53).此外,在某些肿瘤类型中,不同医疗保险类型、受教育水平、职业、居住地、民族的患者PG-SGA评分也有显著差异,农民、小学及以下低教育水平患者营养状况最差.68.78%的肿瘤患者没有获得任何营养治疗,重度营养不良(PG-SGA≥9)肿瘤患者的无营养治疗比例仍然高达55.03%.以上结果说明,中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良发生率展开更多
Numerical simulations of 3D turbulent flow in a large-bore axial-flow pump coupled with half-elbow suction sump were perlbrmed by using CFD approach. The numerical model and velocity and pressure distributions in enti...Numerical simulations of 3D turbulent flow in a large-bore axial-flow pump coupled with half-elbow suction sump were perlbrmed by using CFD approach. The numerical model and velocity and pressure distributions in entire flow passage were presented. The obvious backflow in half-elbow suction sump and strong flow nonuniformity at suction sump outlet were observed, whereas these phenomena were not observed in existing studies performed for a separate suction sump by either experimental or numerical approach. This result indicates that the interaction between half-elbow suction sump and impeller has significant effect on the flow distribution in the pump passage. The change of pump efficiency caused by the interaction was discussed,展开更多
目的探讨经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术(transurethral plasma enucleation of the prostate,TUPKEP)与经尿道等离子电切术(transurethral resection of plasma cutting operation,TUPKRP)治疗高危良性前列腺增生症的临床疗效和安全性。方...目的探讨经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术(transurethral plasma enucleation of the prostate,TUPKEP)与经尿道等离子电切术(transurethral resection of plasma cutting operation,TUPKRP)治疗高危良性前列腺增生症的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取2018年01月至2018年12月期间来我院就诊并接收治疗的高危前列腺增生症患者120例,按照随机数字表表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组患者给予经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术治疗,对照组患者给予经尿道等离子前列腺电切术治疗,记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、前列腺切除量、尿管留置时间,治疗前后前列腺症状评分和生活质量评分,患者治疗前后尿流动力学,采用国际勃起功能指数评分(IIEF-5)评价病人性功能。结果观察组患者的膀胱冲洗时间、手术时间、术中出血量、前列腺切除重量、尿管留置时间、术后住院时间和住院花费均显著的低于TUPKRP组患者(P<0.05),TUPKEP组患者的前列腺切除重量显著的高于TUPKRP组患者(P<0.05),对照组患者的术后并发症率为20.00%,观察组患者为6.67%,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),术前,观察组患者的IPSS评分、Qmax、RUV、QOL评分和IIEF-5评分与对照组患者差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后对照组IPSS评分、RUV和QOL评分明显高于观察组患者(P<0.05),Qmax和IIEF-5评分明显低于观察组患者(P<0.05)。结论TUPKEP治疗高危良性前列腺增生具有操作快速、且疗效确切,并发症少及性功能影响小的优势。展开更多
AIM： To investigate the role of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion （I/R）, and its effect on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） ...AIM： To investigate the role of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion （I/R）, and its effect on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） expression and neutrophil infiltration. METHODS： Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided randomly into control, I/R and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC） treatment groups, n = 8 in each. I/R group and PDTC treatment group received superior mysenteric artery （SMA） occluding for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h. PDTC group was administrated with intraperitoneal injection of 2% 100 mg/kg PDTC 1 h before surgery. Lung histology and bronchia alveolus lung fluid （BALF） protein were assayed. Serum IL-6, lung malondialdehyde （MDA） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） as well as the expression level of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were measured.RESULTS： Lung injury induced by intestinal I/R, was characterized by edema, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration as well as by the significant rising of BALF protein. Compared to control group, the levels of serum IL-6 and lung MDA and MPO increased significantly in I/R group （P=0.001）. Strong positive expression of NF-κB p65 and ICAM-1 was observed. After the administration of PDTC, the level of serum IL-6, lung MDA and MPO as well as NF-κB and ICAM-1 decreased significantly （P〈 0.05） when compared to I/R group.CONCLUSION： The activation of NF-κB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by intestinal I/R through upregulating the neutrophil infiltration and lung ICAM-1 expression. PDTC as an inhibitor of NF-κB can prevent lung injury induced by intestinal I/R through inhibiting the activity of NF-κB.展开更多
The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of ...The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.展开更多
Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC...Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC diagnosis and treatment. We performed a survey to quantify the direct medical and non-medical expenditure as well as the resulting financial burden of CRC patients in China.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China between 2012 and 2014. Each enrolled patient was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All expenditure data were inflated to the 2014 Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.163 USD). We quantified the overall expenditure and financial burden and by subgroup(hospital type, age at diagnosis, sex, education, occupation, insurance type, household income, clinical stage, pathologic type, and therapeutic regimen). We then performed generalized linear modeling to determine the factors associated with overall expenditure.Results: A total of 2356 patients with a mean age of 57.4 years were included, 57.1 % of whom were men; 13.9% of patients had stage I cancer; and the average previous-year household income was 54,525 CNY.The overall average direct expenditure per patient was estimated to be 67,408 CNY, and the expenditures for stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ disease were 56,099 CNY, 59,952 CNY, 67,292 CNY, and 82,729 CNY, respectively. Non-medical expenditure accounted for 8.3%of the overall expenditure. The 1-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 32,649 CNY, which accounted for 59.9% of their previous-year household income and caused 75.0% of families to suffer an unmanageable financial burden. Univariate analysis showed that financial burden and overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P < 0.05), except for sex. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were treated in specialized hospitals and those who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or diagnosed at a later stage were likely to spen展开更多
文摘营养不良对恶性肿瘤患者的不利影响贯穿其整个病程.肿瘤患者的营养状况如何未见大样本报道,而且已有报道差异很大,本研究旨在调查中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良状况及营养治疗现状.本次观察性多中心研究采用两阶段随机抽样方法抽取全国22个主要省市80家三甲医院共47488例16种常见恶性肿瘤住院患者,以患者主观整体评估(Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment,PG-SGA)评估患者营养状况,以定量评估区分营养不良严重程度:0~1分无营养不良,2~3分、4~8分、≥9分分别定义为可疑/轻度、中度、重度营养不良.方差分析比较不同特征肿瘤患者PG-SGA评分.肿瘤患者中、重度营养不良的发病率为58.2%(中度32.1%、重度26.1%),22.2%为可疑/轻度营养不良,只有19.6%的患者无营养不良.营养不良的发病存在瘤种、年龄、性别、肿瘤分期、治疗情况及地区差异:胰腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最高(9.58±5.74),乳腺癌患者PG-SGA评分最低(3.51±3.49);<45岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最低(4.84±4.50),≥70岁年龄组患者PG-SGA评分最高(7.82±5.10);女性肺癌(5.87vs.5.60,P=0.006)和胃癌(8.36 vs.7.81,P<0.001)PG-SGA评分高于男性;TNM分期较高的患者其PG-SGA评分也较高,其中胰腺癌Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者PG-SGA评分最高,乳腺癌Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者PG-SGA评分均低于4分(3.05±2.83);接受手术治疗的患者PG-SGA评分最高(6.22±4.74),而目前还没有接受任何治疗的患者评分最低(5.61±4.68);华中区域PG-SGA评分最低(4.82±4.16),华东区域PG-SGA评分最高(7.31±5.53).此外,在某些肿瘤类型中,不同医疗保险类型、受教育水平、职业、居住地、民族的患者PG-SGA评分也有显著差异,农民、小学及以下低教育水平患者营养状况最差.68.78%的肿瘤患者没有获得任何营养治疗,重度营养不良(PG-SGA≥9)肿瘤患者的无营养治疗比例仍然高达55.03%.以上结果说明,中国常见恶性肿瘤患者营养不良发生率
基金Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos: 10372114, 50479008 and 90510007) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China (Grant No: NCET-04-0133).
文摘Numerical simulations of 3D turbulent flow in a large-bore axial-flow pump coupled with half-elbow suction sump were perlbrmed by using CFD approach. The numerical model and velocity and pressure distributions in entire flow passage were presented. The obvious backflow in half-elbow suction sump and strong flow nonuniformity at suction sump outlet were observed, whereas these phenomena were not observed in existing studies performed for a separate suction sump by either experimental or numerical approach. This result indicates that the interaction between half-elbow suction sump and impeller has significant effect on the flow distribution in the pump passage. The change of pump efficiency caused by the interaction was discussed,
文摘目的探讨经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术(transurethral plasma enucleation of the prostate,TUPKEP)与经尿道等离子电切术(transurethral resection of plasma cutting operation,TUPKRP)治疗高危良性前列腺增生症的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取2018年01月至2018年12月期间来我院就诊并接收治疗的高危前列腺增生症患者120例,按照随机数字表表法随机分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组患者给予经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术治疗,对照组患者给予经尿道等离子前列腺电切术治疗,记录两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、前列腺切除量、尿管留置时间,治疗前后前列腺症状评分和生活质量评分,患者治疗前后尿流动力学,采用国际勃起功能指数评分(IIEF-5)评价病人性功能。结果观察组患者的膀胱冲洗时间、手术时间、术中出血量、前列腺切除重量、尿管留置时间、术后住院时间和住院花费均显著的低于TUPKRP组患者(P<0.05),TUPKEP组患者的前列腺切除重量显著的高于TUPKRP组患者(P<0.05),对照组患者的术后并发症率为20.00%,观察组患者为6.67%,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),术前,观察组患者的IPSS评分、Qmax、RUV、QOL评分和IIEF-5评分与对照组患者差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后对照组IPSS评分、RUV和QOL评分明显高于观察组患者(P<0.05),Qmax和IIEF-5评分明显低于观察组患者(P<0.05)。结论TUPKEP治疗高危良性前列腺增生具有操作快速、且疗效确切,并发症少及性功能影响小的优势。
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province,No.20042135
文摘AIM： To investigate the role of nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion （I/R）, and its effect on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） expression and neutrophil infiltration. METHODS： Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided randomly into control, I/R and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC） treatment groups, n = 8 in each. I/R group and PDTC treatment group received superior mysenteric artery （SMA） occluding for 1 h and reperfusion for 2 h. PDTC group was administrated with intraperitoneal injection of 2% 100 mg/kg PDTC 1 h before surgery. Lung histology and bronchia alveolus lung fluid （BALF） protein were assayed. Serum IL-6, lung malondialdehyde （MDA） and myeloperoxidase （MPO） as well as the expression level of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were measured.RESULTS： Lung injury induced by intestinal I/R, was characterized by edema, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration as well as by the significant rising of BALF protein. Compared to control group, the levels of serum IL-6 and lung MDA and MPO increased significantly in I/R group （P=0.001）. Strong positive expression of NF-κB p65 and ICAM-1 was observed. After the administration of PDTC, the level of serum IL-6, lung MDA and MPO as well as NF-κB and ICAM-1 decreased significantly （P〈 0.05） when compared to I/R group.CONCLUSION： The activation of NF-κB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by intestinal I/R through upregulating the neutrophil infiltration and lung ICAM-1 expression. PDTC as an inhibitor of NF-κB can prevent lung injury induced by intestinal I/R through inhibiting the activity of NF-κB.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11390371)Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission
文摘The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.
基金supported by the grants from the Beijing Hope Run Special Fund(#LC2012YF44)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81402740)+1 种基金Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(No.20131106120014)The National Health and Family Planning Committee of P.R.China
文摘Background: The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) in China and the paucity of information about relevant expenditure highlight the necessity of better understanding the financial burden and effect of CRC diagnosis and treatment. We performed a survey to quantify the direct medical and non-medical expenditure as well as the resulting financial burden of CRC patients in China.Methods: We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in 37 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces across China between 2012 and 2014. Each enrolled patient was interviewed using a structured questionnaire. All expenditure data were inflated to the 2014 Chinese Yuan(CNY; 1 CNY = 0.163 USD). We quantified the overall expenditure and financial burden and by subgroup(hospital type, age at diagnosis, sex, education, occupation, insurance type, household income, clinical stage, pathologic type, and therapeutic regimen). We then performed generalized linear modeling to determine the factors associated with overall expenditure.Results: A total of 2356 patients with a mean age of 57.4 years were included, 57.1 % of whom were men; 13.9% of patients had stage I cancer; and the average previous-year household income was 54,525 CNY.The overall average direct expenditure per patient was estimated to be 67,408 CNY, and the expenditures for stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ disease were 56,099 CNY, 59,952 CNY, 67,292 CNY, and 82,729 CNY, respectively. Non-medical expenditure accounted for 8.3%of the overall expenditure. The 1-year out-of-pocket expenditure of a newly diagnosed patient was 32,649 CNY, which accounted for 59.9% of their previous-year household income and caused 75.0% of families to suffer an unmanageable financial burden. Univariate analysis showed that financial burden and overall expenditure differed in almost all subgroups(P < 0.05), except for sex. Multivariate analysis showed that patients who were treated in specialized hospitals and those who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma or diagnosed at a later stage were likely to spen
