The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tok...The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tokamak discharges.This model was used to calculate the trajectory and penetration parameters of CT injections by applying both perpendicular and tangential injection schemes in both HL-2A and ITER tokamaks.For perpendicular injection along the tokamak's major radius direction from the outboard,CTs with the same injection parameters exhibited a 0.08 reduction in relative penetration depth when injected into HL-2A and a 0.13reduction when injected into ITER geometry when considering the vacuum magnetic field region compared with cases where this region was not considered.In addition,we proposed an optimization method for determining the CT's initial injection velocity to accurately calculate the initial injection velocity of CTs for central fueling in tokamaks.Furthermore,this paper discusses schemes for the tangential injection of CT into tokamak discharges.The optimal injection angle and CT magnetic moment direction for injection into both HL-2A and ITER were determined through numerical simulations.Finally,the kinetic energy loss occurring when the CT penetrated the vacuum magnetic field region in ITER was reduced byΔEk=975.08 J by optimizing the injection angle for the CT injected into ITER.These results provide valuable insights for optimizing injection angles in fusion experiments.Our model closely represents actual experimental scenarios and can assist the design of CT parameters.展开更多
A vertical edge Thomson scattering(ETS) diagnostic system on HL-2M tokamak has been designed.The ETS system collects the scattered light from Nd:YAG laser(1064 nm,2 J,30 Hz,15 ns).The laser beam propagates vertically ...A vertical edge Thomson scattering(ETS) diagnostic system on HL-2M tokamak has been designed.The ETS system collects the scattered light from Nd:YAG laser(1064 nm,2 J,30 Hz,15 ns).The laser beam propagates vertically through the plasma region and the polarization is parallel to the toroidal magnetic field.A special designed Galileo-type telescope with long Rayleigh length is applied to focus the laser size and ensure collimation.A group of doubleGaussian collection lenses image the 600 mm vertical scattered region onto rectangular fiber arrays with a spatial resolution of 10 mm.The 2.20 mm × 2.86 mm fiber optic bundle consists of 130 low hydroxyl(OH) 200/220 μm(core/cladding) diameter fibers with numerical aperture NA=0.22,carrying the light to remotely located multi-channel polychromators.Effect of oblique incidence on narrow band filter has been analyzed.The designed electron temperatures range from 5 to 1000 eV and electron densities from 5 × 10^(18) to 1×10^(20) m^(-3).展开更多
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2022YFE03100004 and 2022YFE03060003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12375226,12175227 and 11875255)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723066).
文摘The trajectory of the compact torus(CT)within a tokamak discharge is crucial to fueling.In this study,we developed a penetration model with a vacuum magnetic field region to accurately determine CT trajectories in tokamak discharges.This model was used to calculate the trajectory and penetration parameters of CT injections by applying both perpendicular and tangential injection schemes in both HL-2A and ITER tokamaks.For perpendicular injection along the tokamak's major radius direction from the outboard,CTs with the same injection parameters exhibited a 0.08 reduction in relative penetration depth when injected into HL-2A and a 0.13reduction when injected into ITER geometry when considering the vacuum magnetic field region compared with cases where this region was not considered.In addition,we proposed an optimization method for determining the CT's initial injection velocity to accurately calculate the initial injection velocity of CTs for central fueling in tokamaks.Furthermore,this paper discusses schemes for the tangential injection of CT into tokamak discharges.The optimal injection angle and CT magnetic moment direction for injection into both HL-2A and ITER were determined through numerical simulations.Finally,the kinetic energy loss occurring when the CT penetrated the vacuum magnetic field region in ITER was reduced byΔEk=975.08 J by optimizing the injection angle for the CT injected into ITER.These results provide valuable insights for optimizing injection angles in fusion experiments.Our model closely represents actual experimental scenarios and can assist the design of CT parameters.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2019YFE0302002, 2017YFE0301203 and 2017YFE0301202)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12175055)。
文摘A vertical edge Thomson scattering(ETS) diagnostic system on HL-2M tokamak has been designed.The ETS system collects the scattered light from Nd:YAG laser(1064 nm,2 J,30 Hz,15 ns).The laser beam propagates vertically through the plasma region and the polarization is parallel to the toroidal magnetic field.A special designed Galileo-type telescope with long Rayleigh length is applied to focus the laser size and ensure collimation.A group of doubleGaussian collection lenses image the 600 mm vertical scattered region onto rectangular fiber arrays with a spatial resolution of 10 mm.The 2.20 mm × 2.86 mm fiber optic bundle consists of 130 low hydroxyl(OH) 200/220 μm(core/cladding) diameter fibers with numerical aperture NA=0.22,carrying the light to remotely located multi-channel polychromators.Effect of oblique incidence on narrow band filter has been analyzed.The designed electron temperatures range from 5 to 1000 eV and electron densities from 5 × 10^(18) to 1×10^(20) m^(-3).
