Bacterial blight(BB)is a globally devastating rice disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).The use of disease resistance(R)genes in rice breeding is an effective and economical strategy for the control of ...Bacterial blight(BB)is a globally devastating rice disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).The use of disease resistance(R)genes in rice breeding is an effective and economical strategy for the control of this disease.Nevertheless,a majority of R genes lack durable resistance for long-term use under global warming conditions.Here,we report the isolation of a novel executor R gene,Xa7,that confers extremely durable,broad-spectrum,and heat-tolerant resistance to Xoo.The expression of Xa7 was induced by incompatible Xoo strains that secreted the transcription activator-like effector(TALE)AvrXa7 or PthXo3,which recognized effector binding elements(EBEs)in the Xa7 promoter.Furthermore,Xa7 induction was faster and stronger under high temperatures.Overexpression of Xa7 or co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response in plants.Constitutive expression of Xa7 activated a defense response in the absence of Xoo but inhibited the growth of transgenic rice plants.In addition,analysis of over 3000 rice varieties showed that the Xa7 locuswas found primarily in the indica and aus subgroups.A variation consisting of an 11-bp insertion and a base substitution(G to T)was found in EBEAvrXa7 in the tested varieties,resulting in a loss of Xa7 BB resistance.Through a decade of effort,we have identified an important BB resistance gene and characterized its distinctive interaction with Xoo strains;these findings will greatly facilitate research on the molecular mechanism of Xa7-mediated resistance and promote the use of this valuable gene in breeding.展开更多
目的对国内外慢性疼痛患者疼痛信念相关研究进行范围综述,了解疼痛信念在慢性疼痛领域的研究现状。方法根据范围综述的研究方法,计算机检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库...目的对国内外慢性疼痛患者疼痛信念相关研究进行范围综述,了解疼痛信念在慢性疼痛领域的研究现状。方法根据范围综述的研究方法,计算机检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和中华医学期刊全文数据库中的相关研究。检索时限为建库至2022年2月28日。对纳入文献进行分析和讨论。结果最终纳入21篇文献,其中4篇随机对照试验、4篇类实验研究、13篇横断面研究。疼痛信念相关理论框架包括恐惧-回避模型、自我效能理论、ABC理论、自我调节常识模型和关系框架理论。评估工具可分为疼痛鉴别信念、原因信念、后果信念和可控性信念评估4类。干预方法主要包括认知行为疗法、接纳与承诺疗法和疼痛健康教育3种类型。结论国内护理研究者应重视慢性疼痛患者疼痛信念相关理论框架的发展和完善,并在其指导下选择规范统一的评价工具,依据慢性疼痛患者的疼痛信念现状,制订科学、适用和规范的疼痛信念修正干预方案。展开更多
Constructing structure-function relationships is critical for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In_(2)O_(3) is well-known for its specific abilit...Constructing structure-function relationships is critical for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In_(2)O_(3) is well-known for its specific ability to produce formic acid.However,how the crystal phase and surface affect the CO_(2)RR activity is still unclear,making it difficult to further improve the intrinsic activity and screen for the most active structure.In this work,cubic and hexagonal In_(2)O_(3) with different stable surfaces((111)and(110)for cubic,(120)and(104)for hexagonal)are investigated for CO_(2)RR.Theoretical results demonstrate that the adsorption of reactants on cubic In_(2)O_(3) is stronger than that on hexagonal In_(2)O_(3),with the cubic(111)surface being the most active for CO_(2)RR.In experiments,synthesized cubic In_(2)O_(3) nanosheets with predominantly exposed(111)surfaces exhibited a high HCOO^(-)Faradaic efficiency(87.5%)and HCOO^(–)current density(–16.7 mA cm^(-2))at–0.9 V vs RHE.In addition,an aqueous Zn-CO_(2) battery based on a cubic In2O3 cathode was assembled.Our work correlates the phases and surfaces with the CO_(2)RR activity,and provides a fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationship of In_(2)O_(3),thereby contributing to further improvements in its CO_(2)RR activity.Moreover,the results provide a principle for the directional preparation of materials with optimal phases and surfaces for efficient electrocatalysis.展开更多
The interplay between multi-atom assembly configurations and single atoms(SAs)has been gaining attention in research.However,the effect of long-term range interactions between SAs and multi-atom assemblies on the orbi...The interplay between multi-atom assembly configurations and single atoms(SAs)has been gaining attention in research.However,the effect of long-term range interactions between SAs and multi-atom assemblies on the orbital filling characteristics has yet to be investigated.In this context,we introduced copper(Cu)doping to strengthen the interaction between cobalt(Co)nanoparticles(NPs)and Co SAs by promoting the spontaneous formation of Co-Cu alloy NPs that tends toward aggregation owing to its negative cohesive energy(-0.06454),instead of forming Cu SAs.The incorporation of Cu within the Co-Cu alloy NPs,compared to the pure Co NPs,significantly expedites the kinetics of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)oxidation processes on Co SAs.Unlike Co NPs,Co-Cu NPs facilitate electron rearrangement in the d orbitals(especially dz^(2)and dxz)near the Fermi level in Co SAs,thereby optimizing the dz^(2)-O(PMS)and dxz-O(SO_(5)^(-))orbital interaction.Eventually,the Co-Cu alloy NPs embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon(CC@CNC)catalysts rapidly eliminated 80.67% of 20 mg L^(-1)carbamazepine(CBZ)within 5 min.This performance significantly surpasses that of catalysts consisting solely of Co NPs in a similar matrix(C@CNC),which achieved a 58.99% reduction in 5 min.The quasi in situ characterization suggested that PMS acts as an electron donor and will transfer electrons to Co SAs,generating^(1)O_(2)for contaminant abatement.This study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms by which composite active sites formed through multi-atom assembly interact at the atomic orbital level to achieve high-efficiency PMS-based advanced oxidation processes at the atomic orbital level.展开更多
Predictive control is an advanced control algorithm,which is widely used in industrial process control.Among them,model predictive control(MPC)is an important branch of predictive control.Its basic principle is to use...Predictive control is an advanced control algorithm,which is widely used in industrial process control.Among them,model predictive control(MPC)is an important branch of predictive control.Its basic principle is to use the system model to predict future behavior and determine the current control action by optimizing the objective function.This paper discusses the application of MPC in the prediction and control of the speed of vehicles to optimize traffic flow.It is a valuable reference for alleviating traffic congestion and improving travel efficiency and smoothness and provides scientific basis and technical support for future highway traffic management.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China(2016ZX08009003-001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071987,31871605)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LD19C130001).
文摘Bacterial blight(BB)is a globally devastating rice disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).The use of disease resistance(R)genes in rice breeding is an effective and economical strategy for the control of this disease.Nevertheless,a majority of R genes lack durable resistance for long-term use under global warming conditions.Here,we report the isolation of a novel executor R gene,Xa7,that confers extremely durable,broad-spectrum,and heat-tolerant resistance to Xoo.The expression of Xa7 was induced by incompatible Xoo strains that secreted the transcription activator-like effector(TALE)AvrXa7 or PthXo3,which recognized effector binding elements(EBEs)in the Xa7 promoter.Furthermore,Xa7 induction was faster and stronger under high temperatures.Overexpression of Xa7 or co-transformation of Xa7 with avrXa7 triggered a hypersensitive response in plants.Constitutive expression of Xa7 activated a defense response in the absence of Xoo but inhibited the growth of transgenic rice plants.In addition,analysis of over 3000 rice varieties showed that the Xa7 locuswas found primarily in the indica and aus subgroups.A variation consisting of an 11-bp insertion and a base substitution(G to T)was found in EBEAvrXa7 in the tested varieties,resulting in a loss of Xa7 BB resistance.Through a decade of effort,we have identified an important BB resistance gene and characterized its distinctive interaction with Xoo strains;these findings will greatly facilitate research on the molecular mechanism of Xa7-mediated resistance and promote the use of this valuable gene in breeding.
文摘目的对国内外慢性疼痛患者疼痛信念相关研究进行范围综述,了解疼痛信念在慢性疼痛领域的研究现状。方法根据范围综述的研究方法,计算机检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和中华医学期刊全文数据库中的相关研究。检索时限为建库至2022年2月28日。对纳入文献进行分析和讨论。结果最终纳入21篇文献,其中4篇随机对照试验、4篇类实验研究、13篇横断面研究。疼痛信念相关理论框架包括恐惧-回避模型、自我效能理论、ABC理论、自我调节常识模型和关系框架理论。评估工具可分为疼痛鉴别信念、原因信念、后果信念和可控性信念评估4类。干预方法主要包括认知行为疗法、接纳与承诺疗法和疼痛健康教育3种类型。结论国内护理研究者应重视慢性疼痛患者疼痛信念相关理论框架的发展和完善,并在其指导下选择规范统一的评价工具,依据慢性疼痛患者的疼痛信念现状,制订科学、适用和规范的疼痛信念修正干预方案。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52001227,52122107,51972224and21802037).
文摘Constructing structure-function relationships is critical for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In_(2)O_(3) is well-known for its specific ability to produce formic acid.However,how the crystal phase and surface affect the CO_(2)RR activity is still unclear,making it difficult to further improve the intrinsic activity and screen for the most active structure.In this work,cubic and hexagonal In_(2)O_(3) with different stable surfaces((111)and(110)for cubic,(120)and(104)for hexagonal)are investigated for CO_(2)RR.Theoretical results demonstrate that the adsorption of reactants on cubic In_(2)O_(3) is stronger than that on hexagonal In_(2)O_(3),with the cubic(111)surface being the most active for CO_(2)RR.In experiments,synthesized cubic In_(2)O_(3) nanosheets with predominantly exposed(111)surfaces exhibited a high HCOO^(-)Faradaic efficiency(87.5%)and HCOO^(–)current density(–16.7 mA cm^(-2))at–0.9 V vs RHE.In addition,an aqueous Zn-CO_(2) battery based on a cubic In2O3 cathode was assembled.Our work correlates the phases and surfaces with the CO_(2)RR activity,and provides a fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationship of In_(2)O_(3),thereby contributing to further improvements in its CO_(2)RR activity.Moreover,the results provide a principle for the directional preparation of materials with optimal phases and surfaces for efficient electrocatalysis.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China as a Key Technology Research and Development Program Project(2023YFC3709001 and2019YFC1804104)the Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China as a Discipline Innovation and Intelligence Introduction Project(B17025)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China as a Shandong Joint Fund Project(U1906222)the Tianjin Science and Technology Bureau as a Key Science and Technology Supporting Project(19YFZCSF00920)the Shiyanjia Lab(www.shiyanjia.com)for the support of experimental analysesApplied Chemistry and Engineering Institute(Nankai University)for the instrument support of ACTEM(JEM-ARM200F)。
文摘The interplay between multi-atom assembly configurations and single atoms(SAs)has been gaining attention in research.However,the effect of long-term range interactions between SAs and multi-atom assemblies on the orbital filling characteristics has yet to be investigated.In this context,we introduced copper(Cu)doping to strengthen the interaction between cobalt(Co)nanoparticles(NPs)and Co SAs by promoting the spontaneous formation of Co-Cu alloy NPs that tends toward aggregation owing to its negative cohesive energy(-0.06454),instead of forming Cu SAs.The incorporation of Cu within the Co-Cu alloy NPs,compared to the pure Co NPs,significantly expedites the kinetics of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)oxidation processes on Co SAs.Unlike Co NPs,Co-Cu NPs facilitate electron rearrangement in the d orbitals(especially dz^(2)and dxz)near the Fermi level in Co SAs,thereby optimizing the dz^(2)-O(PMS)and dxz-O(SO_(5)^(-))orbital interaction.Eventually,the Co-Cu alloy NPs embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon(CC@CNC)catalysts rapidly eliminated 80.67% of 20 mg L^(-1)carbamazepine(CBZ)within 5 min.This performance significantly surpasses that of catalysts consisting solely of Co NPs in a similar matrix(C@CNC),which achieved a 58.99% reduction in 5 min.The quasi in situ characterization suggested that PMS acts as an electron donor and will transfer electrons to Co SAs,generating^(1)O_(2)for contaminant abatement.This study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms by which composite active sites formed through multi-atom assembly interact at the atomic orbital level to achieve high-efficiency PMS-based advanced oxidation processes at the atomic orbital level.
文摘Predictive control is an advanced control algorithm,which is widely used in industrial process control.Among them,model predictive control(MPC)is an important branch of predictive control.Its basic principle is to use the system model to predict future behavior and determine the current control action by optimizing the objective function.This paper discusses the application of MPC in the prediction and control of the speed of vehicles to optimize traffic flow.It is a valuable reference for alleviating traffic congestion and improving travel efficiency and smoothness and provides scientific basis and technical support for future highway traffic management.
