Since graphene was discovered, the study of two-dimensional(2D) materials with atomic thickness has become a hot spot. To prepare different 2D materials,different methods have been groped, such as mechanical exfoliati...Since graphene was discovered, the study of two-dimensional(2D) materials with atomic thickness has become a hot spot. To prepare different 2D materials,different methods have been groped, such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition(CVD), liquid-phase exfoliation. This review mainly introduced the sonication liquid-phase exfoliation, an effective method to prepare 2D materials. Compared with mechanical exfoliation and CVD methods, liquid-phase exfoliation is convenient and costeffective and provides high yield. We focused on both theoretical and experimental details of this method. This method was reviewed according to the development of 2D materials from graphene, h-BN to transition metal chalcogenides(TMDs) and black phosphorus nanosheets.We discussed the applications of liquid-exfoliated 2D materials including micro- and nanoelectrical devices,photoelectric devices, and energy storage devices.展开更多
Recent advances in systemic and locoregional treatments for patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have resulted in improved response rates.This has provided an opportunity for selected pa...Recent advances in systemic and locoregional treatments for patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have resulted in improved response rates.This has provided an opportunity for selected patients with initially unresectable HCC to achieve adequate tumor downstaging to undergo surgical resection,a‘conversion therapy’strategy.However,conversion therapy is a new approach to the treatment of HCC and its practice and treatment protocols are still being developed.Review the evidence for conversion therapy in HCC and develop consensus statements to guide clinical practice.Evidence review:Many research centers in China have accumulated significant experience implementing HCC conversion therapy.Preliminary findings and data have shown that conversion therapy represents an important strategy to maximize the survival of selected patients with intermediate stage to advanced HCC;however,there are still many urgent clinical and scientific challenges for this therapeutic strategy and its related fields.In order to summarize and learn from past experience and review current challenges,the Chinese Expert Consensus on Conversion Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma(2021 Edition)was developed based on a review of preliminary experience and clinical data from Chinese and non-Chinese studies in this field and combined with recommendations for clinical practice.Sixteen consensus statements on the implementation of conversion therapy for HCC were developed.The statements generated in this review are based on a review of clinical evidence and real clinical experience and will help guide future progress in conversion therapy for patients with HCC.展开更多
在当前卫生健康体系中,诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)支付模式被越来越多的国家采纳以促进医疗服务效率和质量的提升。然而,实施DRG系统的一个关键挑战是确保高准确率的病历入组,因为这直接关系医疗机构的收入与成本控制...在当前卫生健康体系中,诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)支付模式被越来越多的国家采纳以促进医疗服务效率和质量的提升。然而,实施DRG系统的一个关键挑战是确保高准确率的病历入组,因为这直接关系医疗机构的收入与成本控制。文章聚焦于病案信息技术人员在提高DRG入组率中的作用,探讨如何通过精准编码和数据管理提升DRG系统的效率和准确性。采用了定性研究和定量分析相结合的方法,首先通过文献回顾和专家访谈收集了关于病案信息技术人员职责与DRG系统要求的信息;然后,通过案例分析评估了病案信息技术人员在实际工作中如何识别、记录和处理影响DRG入组率的关键因素;最后,运用统计分析方法对不同干预措施的效果进行了量化评估。揭示病案信息技术人员在数据质量控制、编码准确性以及信息技术应用方面如何作用于DRG系统性能的提升。研究发现,病案信息技术人员的专业能力对于提高DRG入组率至关重要。通过精确的疾病和手术编码、及时的数据捕获以及对不一致或缺失信息的纠正,可以显著减少错误入组的情况。此外,采用先进的信息技术工具和算法可以进一步提高编码效率和准确性。跨学科合作和持续培训能够有效增强病案信息技术人员在DRG系统中的作用。文章强调了病案信息技术人员在优化DRG支付系统中的核心作用,并指出通过提升他们的专业能力和利用信息技术手段,可以显著提高DRG系统的入组准确率。这一发现对于卫生管理者和政策制定者来说具有重要价值,不仅有助于提高医疗服务质量和患者满意度,还能确保医疗资源的合理分配和利用。展开更多
The Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)broadcast radio signals are continuously at two or more frequencies in the L-band,and the multipath signals from sea surface recorded by off-the-shelf geodetic receivers ha...The Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)broadcast radio signals are continuously at two or more frequencies in the L-band,and the multipath signals from sea surface recorded by off-the-shelf geodetic receivers have been demonstrated they can be used to estimate sea level,using a technology called GNSS multipath reflectometry(GNSS-MR).Before proceeding to estimate reflection parameters,the azimuth range and elevation angle range are needed to be defined,as only with suitable azimuths and elevation angles the sensing zones can be guaranteed on water.So,this study presents an angle dependence analysis method to jointly select the azimuth range and elevation angle range based on wavelet analysis which can describe the nonstationary power of different sinusoidal oscillations changed with elevation angle.The key of this method is to use one grid model to screen the spectrum power of multipath oscillation on different elevation angles and azimuths in this work.Then the elevation angles and the azimuths can be determined by searching grids with greater power.The GPS and GLONASS data of two MultiGNSS Experiment(MGEX)stations named BRST and MAYG was analyzed and used to retrieve.Firstly,the angle dependence analysis was carried out to determine the elevation range and azimuth range.Secondly,the sea levels were retrieved from individual signals.Finally,the retrievals of individual signals are combined to form a 10-min sea level retrieval series.The RMSEs of the combined retrievals are both less than 15 cm.The results show the effectiveness of the selection of angle range based on the angle dependence analysis method.展开更多
The toxicity of lead ions has become the severe challenge for the all-inorganic lead halide p erovskite materials,although some works have rep orted the lead-free perovskite nanocrystals(NCs),the photoluminescence qua...The toxicity of lead ions has become the severe challenge for the all-inorganic lead halide p erovskite materials,although some works have rep orted the lead-free perovskite nanocrystals(NCs),the photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of these materials is still unsatisfactory.Meanwhile,because the halogen ions can be easily exchanged,the controllable multicolor emission in perovskite NCs is difficult to realize in current reports.In this work,we introduced lanthanide ions into lead-free Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Cl_(9) perovskite NCs.Benefitting from the energy transfer between Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Cl_(9) perovskite NC host and lanthanide ions,the multicolor emission was realized.Based on controlling the doping concentration of Tb^(3+)and Eu^(3+)ions,the white light emission under UV excitation would be turned easily in the Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+)codoped NCs.In addition,efficient energy transfer from perovskite NCs to Tb^(3+)or Eu^(3+)ions is beneficial to improving the optical properties of lead-free perovskite NCs,resulting in maximum PLQYs of red,green and white light emission of 22.6%,19.7%and 28.5%,respectively.Finally,a white light emitting device(WLED)was fabricated with a power efficiency of 18.5 lm/W,which presents the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage(CIE)of(0.33,0.35).展开更多
p-GaN cap layer has been recognized as a commercial technology to manufacture enhanced-mode(E-mode)AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor(HEMT);however,the difficult activation of Mg doping and etching damage of ...p-GaN cap layer has been recognized as a commercial technology to manufacture enhanced-mode(E-mode)AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor(HEMT);however,the difficult activation of Mg doping and etching damage of p-GaN limit the further improvement of device performance.Thus,the more cost-effective cap layer has attracted wide attention in GaN-based HEMT.In this paper,p-type tin monoxide(p-SnO)was firstly investigated as a gate cap to realize E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMT by both Silvaco simulation and experiment.Simulation results show that by simply adjusting the thickness(50 to 200 nm)or the doping concentration(3×10^(17)to 3×10^(18)cm^(-3))of p-SnO,the threshold voltage(V_(th))of HEMT can be continuously adjusted in the range from zero to 10 V.Simultaneously,the device demonstrated a drain current density above 120 mA mm^(-1),a gate breakdown voltage(V_(BG))of 7.5 V and a device breakdown voltage(V_(B))of 2470 V.What is more,the etching-free AlGaN/GaN HEMT with sputtered p-SnO gate cap were fabricated,and achieved a positive V_(th) of 1 V,V_(BG) of 4.2 V and V_(B) of 420 V,which confirms the application potential of the p-SnO film as a gate cap layer for E-mode GaN-based HEMT.This work is instructive to the design and manufacture of p-oxide gate cap E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMT with low cost.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB931700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61222403+1 种基金61307067)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘Since graphene was discovered, the study of two-dimensional(2D) materials with atomic thickness has become a hot spot. To prepare different 2D materials,different methods have been groped, such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition(CVD), liquid-phase exfoliation. This review mainly introduced the sonication liquid-phase exfoliation, an effective method to prepare 2D materials. Compared with mechanical exfoliation and CVD methods, liquid-phase exfoliation is convenient and costeffective and provides high yield. We focused on both theoretical and experimental details of this method. This method was reviewed according to the development of 2D materials from graphene, h-BN to transition metal chalcogenides(TMDs) and black phosphorus nanosheets.We discussed the applications of liquid-exfoliated 2D materials including micro- and nanoelectrical devices,photoelectric devices, and energy storage devices.
文摘Recent advances in systemic and locoregional treatments for patients with unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)have resulted in improved response rates.This has provided an opportunity for selected patients with initially unresectable HCC to achieve adequate tumor downstaging to undergo surgical resection,a‘conversion therapy’strategy.However,conversion therapy is a new approach to the treatment of HCC and its practice and treatment protocols are still being developed.Review the evidence for conversion therapy in HCC and develop consensus statements to guide clinical practice.Evidence review:Many research centers in China have accumulated significant experience implementing HCC conversion therapy.Preliminary findings and data have shown that conversion therapy represents an important strategy to maximize the survival of selected patients with intermediate stage to advanced HCC;however,there are still many urgent clinical and scientific challenges for this therapeutic strategy and its related fields.In order to summarize and learn from past experience and review current challenges,the Chinese Expert Consensus on Conversion Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma(2021 Edition)was developed based on a review of preliminary experience and clinical data from Chinese and non-Chinese studies in this field and combined with recommendations for clinical practice.Sixteen consensus statements on the implementation of conversion therapy for HCC were developed.The statements generated in this review are based on a review of clinical evidence and real clinical experience and will help guide future progress in conversion therapy for patients with HCC.
文摘在当前卫生健康体系中,诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)支付模式被越来越多的国家采纳以促进医疗服务效率和质量的提升。然而,实施DRG系统的一个关键挑战是确保高准确率的病历入组,因为这直接关系医疗机构的收入与成本控制。文章聚焦于病案信息技术人员在提高DRG入组率中的作用,探讨如何通过精准编码和数据管理提升DRG系统的效率和准确性。采用了定性研究和定量分析相结合的方法,首先通过文献回顾和专家访谈收集了关于病案信息技术人员职责与DRG系统要求的信息;然后,通过案例分析评估了病案信息技术人员在实际工作中如何识别、记录和处理影响DRG入组率的关键因素;最后,运用统计分析方法对不同干预措施的效果进行了量化评估。揭示病案信息技术人员在数据质量控制、编码准确性以及信息技术应用方面如何作用于DRG系统性能的提升。研究发现,病案信息技术人员的专业能力对于提高DRG入组率至关重要。通过精确的疾病和手术编码、及时的数据捕获以及对不一致或缺失信息的纠正,可以显著减少错误入组的情况。此外,采用先进的信息技术工具和算法可以进一步提高编码效率和准确性。跨学科合作和持续培训能够有效增强病案信息技术人员在DRG系统中的作用。文章强调了病案信息技术人员在优化DRG支付系统中的核心作用,并指出通过提升他们的专业能力和利用信息技术手段,可以显著提高DRG系统的入组准确率。这一发现对于卫生管理者和政策制定者来说具有重要价值,不仅有助于提高医疗服务质量和患者满意度,还能确保医疗资源的合理分配和利用。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42004018,41830110)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190496)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.B200202015)。
文摘The Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)broadcast radio signals are continuously at two or more frequencies in the L-band,and the multipath signals from sea surface recorded by off-the-shelf geodetic receivers have been demonstrated they can be used to estimate sea level,using a technology called GNSS multipath reflectometry(GNSS-MR).Before proceeding to estimate reflection parameters,the azimuth range and elevation angle range are needed to be defined,as only with suitable azimuths and elevation angles the sensing zones can be guaranteed on water.So,this study presents an angle dependence analysis method to jointly select the azimuth range and elevation angle range based on wavelet analysis which can describe the nonstationary power of different sinusoidal oscillations changed with elevation angle.The key of this method is to use one grid model to screen the spectrum power of multipath oscillation on different elevation angles and azimuths in this work.Then the elevation angles and the azimuths can be determined by searching grids with greater power.The GPS and GLONASS data of two MultiGNSS Experiment(MGEX)stations named BRST and MAYG was analyzed and used to retrieve.Firstly,the angle dependence analysis was carried out to determine the elevation range and azimuth range.Secondly,the sea levels were retrieved from individual signals.Finally,the retrievals of individual signals are combined to form a 10-min sea level retrieval series.The RMSEs of the combined retrievals are both less than 15 cm.The results show the effectiveness of the selection of angle range based on the angle dependence analysis method.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2068,11974142,11874181,12204248)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesJiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB399)。
文摘The toxicity of lead ions has become the severe challenge for the all-inorganic lead halide p erovskite materials,although some works have rep orted the lead-free perovskite nanocrystals(NCs),the photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of these materials is still unsatisfactory.Meanwhile,because the halogen ions can be easily exchanged,the controllable multicolor emission in perovskite NCs is difficult to realize in current reports.In this work,we introduced lanthanide ions into lead-free Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Cl_(9) perovskite NCs.Benefitting from the energy transfer between Cs_(3)Sb_(2)Cl_(9) perovskite NC host and lanthanide ions,the multicolor emission was realized.Based on controlling the doping concentration of Tb^(3+)and Eu^(3+)ions,the white light emission under UV excitation would be turned easily in the Tb^(3+)/Eu^(3+)codoped NCs.In addition,efficient energy transfer from perovskite NCs to Tb^(3+)or Eu^(3+)ions is beneficial to improving the optical properties of lead-free perovskite NCs,resulting in maximum PLQYs of red,green and white light emission of 22.6%,19.7%and 28.5%,respectively.Finally,a white light emitting device(WLED)was fabricated with a power efficiency of 18.5 lm/W,which presents the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage(CIE)of(0.33,0.35).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62003151,61925404,62074122,and 61904139)the Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province(2016KTZDGY-03-01)。
文摘p-GaN cap layer has been recognized as a commercial technology to manufacture enhanced-mode(E-mode)AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor(HEMT);however,the difficult activation of Mg doping and etching damage of p-GaN limit the further improvement of device performance.Thus,the more cost-effective cap layer has attracted wide attention in GaN-based HEMT.In this paper,p-type tin monoxide(p-SnO)was firstly investigated as a gate cap to realize E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMT by both Silvaco simulation and experiment.Simulation results show that by simply adjusting the thickness(50 to 200 nm)or the doping concentration(3×10^(17)to 3×10^(18)cm^(-3))of p-SnO,the threshold voltage(V_(th))of HEMT can be continuously adjusted in the range from zero to 10 V.Simultaneously,the device demonstrated a drain current density above 120 mA mm^(-1),a gate breakdown voltage(V_(BG))of 7.5 V and a device breakdown voltage(V_(B))of 2470 V.What is more,the etching-free AlGaN/GaN HEMT with sputtered p-SnO gate cap were fabricated,and achieved a positive V_(th) of 1 V,V_(BG) of 4.2 V and V_(B) of 420 V,which confirms the application potential of the p-SnO film as a gate cap layer for E-mode GaN-based HEMT.This work is instructive to the design and manufacture of p-oxide gate cap E-mode AlGaN/GaN HEMT with low cost.
