Camrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody(m Ab)against human PD-1.It demonstrated a single digit nanomolar binding affinity to human and cynomolgus monkey PD-1,but no cross-reactivity to murine PD-1.It exhibited...Camrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody(m Ab)against human PD-1.It demonstrated a single digit nanomolar binding affinity to human and cynomolgus monkey PD-1,but no cross-reactivity to murine PD-1.It exhibited potent PD-1/PD-L1 blocking activity as well as the T cell activation in vitro.The distinct binding sites of cameralizumab were perfectly overlapped with the PD-L1 binding sites,which supported its excellent ability in blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.It also significantly inhibited the growth of murine MC-38 and B16 F10 cell in humanized PD-1 transgenic mice with a superior inhibitory effect compared with the other marketed anti-PD-1 antibodies.Furthermore,camrelizumab also displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic(PK)and safety profile in cynomolgus monkeys.Besides,we showed that camrelizumab only bound to VEGFR2 with a very low affinity and did not activate VEGF pathways even at very high doses.Collectively,we provided evidence that cameralizumab was an ideal therapeutic candidate for cancer treatment,encouraging further evaluation of its efficacy/safety in the clinical setting.展开更多
The sixth-generation mobile communication(6G)networks will face more complex endogenous security problems,and it is urgent to propose new universal security theories and establish new practice norms to deal with the&#...The sixth-generation mobile communication(6G)networks will face more complex endogenous security problems,and it is urgent to propose new universal security theories and establish new practice norms to deal with theªunknown unknownºsecurity threats in cyberspace.This paper first expounds the new paradigm of cyberspace endogenous security and introduces the vision of 6G cyberspace security.Then,it analyzes the security problems faced by the 6G core network,wireless access network,and emerging associated technologies in detail,as well as the corresponding security technology development status and the integrated development of endogenous security and traditional security.Furthermore,this paper describes the relevant security theories and technical concepts under the guidance of the new paradigm of endogenous security.展开更多
Summary of main observation and conclusion Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are attractive absorber materials for highefficiency photovoltalcs be-cause of their facile solution processing,bandgap tunability due to quant um...Summary of main observation and conclusion Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are attractive absorber materials for highefficiency photovoltalcs be-cause of their facile solution processing,bandgap tunability due to quant um confinement effect,and multi-exciton generation.To date,all published performance records for PbS CQDs solar cells have been based on the conventional hot-injection synthesis method.This method usually requires rela-tively strict conditions such as high temperature and the utilty of expensive source material pyrophoric bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide(TM5-S),limiting the potential for large-scale and low-cost synthesis of Pbs CQDs.Here we report a facile room-temperature synthetic method to produce high-quality Pbs CQDs through inexpensive ionic source materials including Pb NOl2 and Na:5 in the presence of triethanolamine(TEA)as the stabilizing ligand.The PbS CQDs were successfully prepared with an average particle size of about 5 nm.Solar cells based on the as-synthesized PbS CQDs show a preliminary power conversion fficiency of 1.82%.This room-temperature and low-cost synth esis of PbS CQDs will further benefit the development of solution-processed CQD solar cells.展开更多
This paper considers series and parallel systems comprising n components drawn from a heterogeneous population consisting of m different subpopulations.The components within each subpopulation are assumed to be depend...This paper considers series and parallel systems comprising n components drawn from a heterogeneous population consisting of m different subpopulations.The components within each subpopulation are assumed to be dependent,while the subpopulations are independent of each other.The authors also assume that the subpopulations have different Archimedean copulas for their dependence.Under this setup,the authors discuss the series and parallel systems reliability for three different cases,respectively.The authors use the theory of stochastic orders and majorization to establish the main results,and finally present some numerical examples to illustrate all the results established here.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Propofol has been shown to attenuate neuronal injury in a number of experimental conditions. However, its effect in models of cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH） remains controversial....BACKGROUND： Propofol has been shown to attenuate neuronal injury in a number of experimental conditions. However, its effect in models of cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH） remains controversial. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of intracisternal injection of HX0507, a water-soluble propofol prodrug, on basilar artery vasospasm and brain tissue injury in a rabbit model of SAH. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, in vivo animal experiment based on behavior and morphology. The study was performed at the Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from April to December 2007. MATERIALS： HX0507 was provided by the Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. METHODS： A total of 30 healthy, male, New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to sham-operation, SAH-control, and SAH-HX0507 groups, with 10 animals in each group. The single-hemorrhage SAH model was established by injecting autologous arterial blood （1.0 mL/kg） into the cisterna magna in the SAH-control and SAH-HX0507 groups, while the sham-operation group was injected with normal saline （1.0 mL/kg）. Thirty minutes after injection, the sham-operation and SAH-control groups were injected with normal saline （0.1 mL/kg） into the cisterna magna, while the SAH-HX0507 group received an injection of HX0507 （4.8 mg/kg）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The cross-sectional area and corrugation coefficients of basilar arteries and hippocampal CA1 neuronal densities were measured 48 hours after SAH （peak stage of vasospasm） using the Computer-Assisted Stereological Toolbox system. The ultrastructural structure of the basilar artery wall was examined by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, neurological behavioral impairment was evaluated by appetite score at pre-SAH, and 1 and 2 days after SAH. RESULTS： The cross-sectional area of basilar arteries and hippocampal CA1 neuronal densities, as we展开更多
文摘Camrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody(m Ab)against human PD-1.It demonstrated a single digit nanomolar binding affinity to human and cynomolgus monkey PD-1,but no cross-reactivity to murine PD-1.It exhibited potent PD-1/PD-L1 blocking activity as well as the T cell activation in vitro.The distinct binding sites of cameralizumab were perfectly overlapped with the PD-L1 binding sites,which supported its excellent ability in blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.It also significantly inhibited the growth of murine MC-38 and B16 F10 cell in humanized PD-1 transgenic mice with a superior inhibitory effect compared with the other marketed anti-PD-1 antibodies.Furthermore,camrelizumab also displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic(PK)and safety profile in cynomolgus monkeys.Besides,we showed that camrelizumab only bound to VEGFR2 with a very low affinity and did not activate VEGF pathways even at very high doses.Collectively,we provided evidence that cameralizumab was an ideal therapeutic candidate for cancer treatment,encouraging further evaluation of its efficacy/safety in the clinical setting.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2020YFB1806607 and 2022YFB2902202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61521003 and 61701538)。
文摘The sixth-generation mobile communication(6G)networks will face more complex endogenous security problems,and it is urgent to propose new universal security theories and establish new practice norms to deal with theªunknown unknownºsecurity threats in cyberspace.This paper first expounds the new paradigm of cyberspace endogenous security and introduces the vision of 6G cyberspace security.Then,it analyzes the security problems faced by the 6G core network,wireless access network,and emerging associated technologies in detail,as well as the corresponding security technology development status and the integrated development of endogenous security and traditional security.Furthermore,this paper describes the relevant security theories and technical concepts under the guidance of the new paradigm of endogenous security.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 21573249,21922512,21875264)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2017050).
文摘Summary of main observation and conclusion Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are attractive absorber materials for highefficiency photovoltalcs be-cause of their facile solution processing,bandgap tunability due to quant um confinement effect,and multi-exciton generation.To date,all published performance records for PbS CQDs solar cells have been based on the conventional hot-injection synthesis method.This method usually requires rela-tively strict conditions such as high temperature and the utilty of expensive source material pyrophoric bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide(TM5-S),limiting the potential for large-scale and low-cost synthesis of Pbs CQDs.Here we report a facile room-temperature synthetic method to produce high-quality Pbs CQDs through inexpensive ionic source materials including Pb NOl2 and Na:5 in the presence of triethanolamine(TEA)as the stabilizing ligand.The PbS CQDs were successfully prepared with an average particle size of about 5 nm.Solar cells based on the as-synthesized PbS CQDs show a preliminary power conversion fficiency of 1.82%.This room-temperature and low-cost synth esis of PbS CQDs will further benefit the development of solution-processed CQD solar cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11971116the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.1808085MA03the PhD research startup foundation of Anhui Normal University under Grant No.2014bsqdjj34。
文摘This paper considers series and parallel systems comprising n components drawn from a heterogeneous population consisting of m different subpopulations.The components within each subpopulation are assumed to be dependent,while the subpopulations are independent of each other.The authors also assume that the subpopulations have different Archimedean copulas for their dependence.Under this setup,the authors discuss the series and parallel systems reliability for three different cases,respectively.The authors use the theory of stochastic orders and majorization to establish the main results,and finally present some numerical examples to illustrate all the results established here.
文摘BACKGROUND： Propofol has been shown to attenuate neuronal injury in a number of experimental conditions. However, its effect in models of cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage （SAH） remains controversial. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effects of intracisternal injection of HX0507, a water-soluble propofol prodrug, on basilar artery vasospasm and brain tissue injury in a rabbit model of SAH. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, in vivo animal experiment based on behavior and morphology. The study was performed at the Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from April to December 2007. MATERIALS： HX0507 was provided by the Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. METHODS： A total of 30 healthy, male, New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to sham-operation, SAH-control, and SAH-HX0507 groups, with 10 animals in each group. The single-hemorrhage SAH model was established by injecting autologous arterial blood （1.0 mL/kg） into the cisterna magna in the SAH-control and SAH-HX0507 groups, while the sham-operation group was injected with normal saline （1.0 mL/kg）. Thirty minutes after injection, the sham-operation and SAH-control groups were injected with normal saline （0.1 mL/kg） into the cisterna magna, while the SAH-HX0507 group received an injection of HX0507 （4.8 mg/kg）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The cross-sectional area and corrugation coefficients of basilar arteries and hippocampal CA1 neuronal densities were measured 48 hours after SAH （peak stage of vasospasm） using the Computer-Assisted Stereological Toolbox system. The ultrastructural structure of the basilar artery wall was examined by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, neurological behavioral impairment was evaluated by appetite score at pre-SAH, and 1 and 2 days after SAH. RESULTS： The cross-sectional area of basilar arteries and hippocampal CA1 neuronal densities, as we
