目的:观察胃癌根治术患者在依托咪酯靶控输注联合右美托咪定麻醉下,机体细胞免疫功能、炎症因子、应激反应的影响。方法:选取2021年4月~2022年6月期间我院收治的择期行胃癌根治术患者100例,按照信封抽签的形式将患者分为对照组(n=50)和...目的:观察胃癌根治术患者在依托咪酯靶控输注联合右美托咪定麻醉下,机体细胞免疫功能、炎症因子、应激反应的影响。方法:选取2021年4月~2022年6月期间我院收治的择期行胃癌根治术患者100例,按照信封抽签的形式将患者分为对照组(n=50)和观察组(n=50),对照组患者麻醉选用依托咪酯注射液靶控输注,观察组则在对照组的基础上结合静脉输注盐酸右美托咪定注射液。观察两组患者不良反应发生情况、血流动力学指标[心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)]、应激反应指标[皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)]、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]、细胞免疫功能指标。结果:观察组用药时、拔管时SBP、HR、DBP低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异(P>0.05)。观察组术后1 d E、IL-6、Cor、TNF-α、ACTH、hs-CRP、CD8^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后1 d CD4^(+)、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌根治术患者使用依托咪酯靶控输注联合右美托咪定麻醉,血流动力学、应激反应可得到有效控制,炎症因子、免疫功能的影响也可大大减轻,利于手术的顺利进行。展开更多
Objective: Critical pharmaceutical process identification(CPPI) is an important step in the implementation of quality by design concept to traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). Risk assessment methods are usually used ...Objective: Critical pharmaceutical process identification(CPPI) is an important step in the implementation of quality by design concept to traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). Risk assessment methods are usually used in CPPI. However, risk evaluation is usually subjective. The purpose of this work is to present a more objective CPPI method.Methods: A CPPI method considering chemical composition, biological activity, and batch-to-batch consistency was presented in this work. The manufacturing process of notoginseng total saponins(NTS) was investigated as an example. The changes of chemical composition, biological activity, and chemical composition consistency after main processes were measured and compared. A significant change of them indicated a critical process.Results: After extraction process and chromatography process, saponin purity and chemical composition similarity remarkably increased, and saponin content variations decreased. Thrombin inhibitory activity was remarkably decreased after chromatography process. Because of the large influences on NTS quality,extraction process and chromatography process were identified to be critical processes of NTS.Conclusion: Based on a comprehensive and objective examination of the role of each process, critical pharmaceutical processes can be identified. A similar method can also be applied to other TCM processes.展开更多
Objective:Critical process parameters(CPPs)identification is an important step of the implementation of quality by design(Qb D)concept.There are many CPP identification methods,such as risk analysis method,sensitivity...Objective:Critical process parameters(CPPs)identification is an important step of the implementation of quality by design(Qb D)concept.There are many CPP identification methods,such as risk analysis method,sensitivity analysis method,multiple linear regression method,standard partial regression coefficient(SPRC)method,and so on.The SPRC method can consider multiple process critical quality attributes(CQAs)simultaneously,but the determination of CPP number is subjective.Therefore,new CPP identification method is still required.Methods:The manufacturing process of Astragali Radix extract,which contained water reflux extraction,concentration,and ethanol precipitation,was used as an example.First,the multiple process CQAs were determined to be the yield of pigment,dry matter,sugars,and active ingredients.Second,the potential CPPs were determined by a knowledge organization method.Plackett-Burman designed experiments were then performed.A weighted determination coefficient(R2 w)method was presented to identify CPPs.In this method,the importance of different CQAs was considered.Process parameters were removed one-by-one according to their importance index.The decrease in R2 wwas used to characterize the importance of the removed parameter.If the decrease of R2 wwas less than a preset threshold,the removed parameter was not a CPP.Results:During the manufacturing process of Astragali Radix extract,the potential CPPs determined by the knowledge organization method were water consumption,reflux extraction time,extraction frequency,ethanol content,ethanol consumption,and concentration endpoint.Reflux extraction time,the first ethanol consumption,the second ethanol consumption,and the second ethanol precipitation refrigeration temperature were found to be CPPs using the weighted determination coefficient method with the threshold of 10%.Conclusion:Using the weighted determination coefficient method,CPPs can be determined with all the CQAs considered based on their importance.The determination of CPP number is more objective 展开更多
We find by the wavelet transform that the classical plane light wave of linear polarization can be decomposed into a series of discrete Morlet wavelets.In the theoretical frame,the energy of the classical light wave b...We find by the wavelet transform that the classical plane light wave of linear polarization can be decomposed into a series of discrete Morlet wavelets.In the theoretical frame,the energy of the classical light wave becomes discrete;interestingly,the discretization is consistent with the energy division of P portions in Planck radiation theory,where P is an integer.It is shown that the changeable energy of a basic plane light wave packet or wave train is H_(0k)=nP0 kω(n=1,2,3,...;k=|k|),with discrete wavelet structure parameter n,wave vector k and idler frequency ω,and a constant p0 k.The wave-particle duality from the Mach-Zehnder interference of single photons is simulated by using random basic plane light wave packets.展开更多
红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)是一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的重要油料作物。为寻找与红花油脂性状相关联的分子标记,本研究利用已经开发的多态性良好的48对SSR引物,系统分析了来自27个国家74份红花种质资源的遗传多样性和群体结构,并结合...红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)是一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的重要油料作物。为寻找与红花油脂性状相关联的分子标记,本研究利用已经开发的多态性良好的48对SSR引物,系统分析了来自27个国家74份红花种质资源的遗传多样性和群体结构,并结合红花油脂相关性状的表型数据,应用TASSEL3.0中的一般线性模型(GLM,general linear model)和混合线性模型(MLM,mixed linear model)对红花油脂性状和标记进行关联分析。研究结果显示:48对SSR分子标记的多态性信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.0632~0.3750,平均值为0.2937;基因多样性指数变异范围为0.0653~0.5000,平均值为0.3700。UPGMA聚类将74份红花分为3个类群,分别包括7份、52份和15份材料。群体结构分析结果显示,74份红花可分为3个亚群,各亚群分别包括7份、55份和12份材料。在显著水平P<0.05条件下,通过GLM和MLM两种模型都检测到了18个与油脂性状相关联的分子标记,各标记对表型变异的解释率变幅分别为5.42%~20.69%和4.35%~20.69%。两种分析方法相比,除标记Ct589和Ct178不同外,剩余16个标记在两种分析方法中都能检测到。研究表明:所选74份红花种质资源的群体遗传多样性丰富,结构差异性显著,适合用于红花油脂相关性状的关联分析。本研究为高含油量红花辅助育种提供了新的分子标记资源。展开更多
文摘目的:观察胃癌根治术患者在依托咪酯靶控输注联合右美托咪定麻醉下,机体细胞免疫功能、炎症因子、应激反应的影响。方法:选取2021年4月~2022年6月期间我院收治的择期行胃癌根治术患者100例,按照信封抽签的形式将患者分为对照组(n=50)和观察组(n=50),对照组患者麻醉选用依托咪酯注射液靶控输注,观察组则在对照组的基础上结合静脉输注盐酸右美托咪定注射液。观察两组患者不良反应发生情况、血流动力学指标[心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)]、应激反应指标[皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)]、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]、细胞免疫功能指标。结果:观察组用药时、拔管时SBP、HR、DBP低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异(P>0.05)。观察组术后1 d E、IL-6、Cor、TNF-α、ACTH、hs-CRP、CD8^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后1 d CD4^(+)、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌根治术患者使用依托咪酯靶控输注联合右美托咪定麻醉,血流动力学、应激反应可得到有效控制,炎症因子、免疫功能的影响也可大大减轻,利于手术的顺利进行。
基金supports of the National Project for Standardization of Chinese Materia Medica (ZYBZH-C-YN-58)Standardization Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province, China (2017ZF001).
文摘Objective: Critical pharmaceutical process identification(CPPI) is an important step in the implementation of quality by design concept to traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). Risk assessment methods are usually used in CPPI. However, risk evaluation is usually subjective. The purpose of this work is to present a more objective CPPI method.Methods: A CPPI method considering chemical composition, biological activity, and batch-to-batch consistency was presented in this work. The manufacturing process of notoginseng total saponins(NTS) was investigated as an example. The changes of chemical composition, biological activity, and chemical composition consistency after main processes were measured and compared. A significant change of them indicated a critical process.Results: After extraction process and chromatography process, saponin purity and chemical composition similarity remarkably increased, and saponin content variations decreased. Thrombin inhibitory activity was remarkably decreased after chromatography process. Because of the large influences on NTS quality,extraction process and chromatography process were identified to be critical processes of NTS.Conclusion: Based on a comprehensive and objective examination of the role of each process, critical pharmaceutical processes can be identified. A similar method can also be applied to other TCM processes.
基金the support of National Project for Standardization of Chinese Materia Medica(ZYBZH-C-GD-04)Student Research Training Program of College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Zhejiang University(Y36023)。
文摘Objective:Critical process parameters(CPPs)identification is an important step of the implementation of quality by design(Qb D)concept.There are many CPP identification methods,such as risk analysis method,sensitivity analysis method,multiple linear regression method,standard partial regression coefficient(SPRC)method,and so on.The SPRC method can consider multiple process critical quality attributes(CQAs)simultaneously,but the determination of CPP number is subjective.Therefore,new CPP identification method is still required.Methods:The manufacturing process of Astragali Radix extract,which contained water reflux extraction,concentration,and ethanol precipitation,was used as an example.First,the multiple process CQAs were determined to be the yield of pigment,dry matter,sugars,and active ingredients.Second,the potential CPPs were determined by a knowledge organization method.Plackett-Burman designed experiments were then performed.A weighted determination coefficient(R2 w)method was presented to identify CPPs.In this method,the importance of different CQAs was considered.Process parameters were removed one-by-one according to their importance index.The decrease in R2 wwas used to characterize the importance of the removed parameter.If the decrease of R2 wwas less than a preset threshold,the removed parameter was not a CPP.Results:During the manufacturing process of Astragali Radix extract,the potential CPPs determined by the knowledge organization method were water consumption,reflux extraction time,extraction frequency,ethanol content,ethanol consumption,and concentration endpoint.Reflux extraction time,the first ethanol consumption,the second ethanol consumption,and the second ethanol precipitation refrigeration temperature were found to be CPPs using the weighted determination coefficient method with the threshold of 10%.Conclusion:Using the weighted determination coefficient method,CPPs can be determined with all the CQAs considered based on their importance.The determination of CPP number is more objective
文摘We find by the wavelet transform that the classical plane light wave of linear polarization can be decomposed into a series of discrete Morlet wavelets.In the theoretical frame,the energy of the classical light wave becomes discrete;interestingly,the discretization is consistent with the energy division of P portions in Planck radiation theory,where P is an integer.It is shown that the changeable energy of a basic plane light wave packet or wave train is H_(0k)=nP0 kω(n=1,2,3,...;k=|k|),with discrete wavelet structure parameter n,wave vector k and idler frequency ω,and a constant p0 k.The wave-particle duality from the Mach-Zehnder interference of single photons is simulated by using random basic plane light wave packets.
文摘红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)是一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的重要油料作物。为寻找与红花油脂性状相关联的分子标记,本研究利用已经开发的多态性良好的48对SSR引物,系统分析了来自27个国家74份红花种质资源的遗传多样性和群体结构,并结合红花油脂相关性状的表型数据,应用TASSEL3.0中的一般线性模型(GLM,general linear model)和混合线性模型(MLM,mixed linear model)对红花油脂性状和标记进行关联分析。研究结果显示:48对SSR分子标记的多态性信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.0632~0.3750,平均值为0.2937;基因多样性指数变异范围为0.0653~0.5000,平均值为0.3700。UPGMA聚类将74份红花分为3个类群,分别包括7份、52份和15份材料。群体结构分析结果显示,74份红花可分为3个亚群,各亚群分别包括7份、55份和12份材料。在显著水平P<0.05条件下,通过GLM和MLM两种模型都检测到了18个与油脂性状相关联的分子标记,各标记对表型变异的解释率变幅分别为5.42%~20.69%和4.35%~20.69%。两种分析方法相比,除标记Ct589和Ct178不同外,剩余16个标记在两种分析方法中都能检测到。研究表明:所选74份红花种质资源的群体遗传多样性丰富,结构差异性显著,适合用于红花油脂相关性状的关联分析。本研究为高含油量红花辅助育种提供了新的分子标记资源。
