AIM To investigate whether patients with refractory epilepsy and healthy infants differ in gut microbiota(GM),and how ketogenic diet(KD) alters GM.METHODS A total of 14 epileptic and 30 healthy infants were recruited ...AIM To investigate whether patients with refractory epilepsy and healthy infants differ in gut microbiota(GM),and how ketogenic diet(KD) alters GM.METHODS A total of 14 epileptic and 30 healthy infants were recruited and seizure frequencies were recorded. Stool samples were collected for 16 S r DNA sequencing using the Illumina Miseq platform. The composition of GM in each sample was analyzed with MOTHUR,and intergroup comparison was conducted by R software.RESULTS After being on KD treatment for a week,64% of epileptic infants showed an obvious improvement,with a 50% decrease in seizure frequency. GM structure in epileptic infants(P1 group) differed dramatically from that in healthy infants(Health group). Proteobacteria,which had accumulated significantly in the P1 group,decreased dramatically after KD treatment(P2 group). Cronobacter predominated in the P1 group and remained at a low level both in the Health and P2 groups. Bacteroides increased significantly in the P2 group,in which Prevotella and Bifidobacterium also grew in numbers and kept increasing.CONCLUSION GM pattern in healthy infants differed dramatically from that of the epileptic group. KD could significantly modify symptoms of epilepsy and reshape the GM of epileptic infants.展开更多
The reduction of ilmenite concentrate by hydrogen gas was investigated in the temperature range of 500 to 1200℃. The microstructure and phase transition of the reduction products were studied by X-ray diffraction （...The reduction of ilmenite concentrate by hydrogen gas was investigated in the temperature range of 500 to 1200℃. The microstructure and phase transition of the reduction products were studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and optical microscopy （OM）. It was found that the weight loss and iron metallization rate increased with the increase of reduction temperature and reaction time. The iron metallization rate could reach 87.5% when the sample was reduced at 1150℃ for 80 min. The final phase constituents mainly consist of Fe, M305 solid solution phase （M=Mg, Ti, and Fe）, and few titanium oxide. Microstructure analysis shows that the surfaces of the reduction products have many holes and cracks and the reactions take place from the exterior of the grain to its interior. The kinetics of reduction indicates that the rate-controlling step is diffusion process control with the activation energy of 89 kJ.mo1-1.展开更多
基金Supported by the Innovation Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shenzhen Municipality,China,No.JCYJ-2015-0403100317071
文摘AIM To investigate whether patients with refractory epilepsy and healthy infants differ in gut microbiota(GM),and how ketogenic diet(KD) alters GM.METHODS A total of 14 epileptic and 30 healthy infants were recruited and seizure frequencies were recorded. Stool samples were collected for 16 S r DNA sequencing using the Illumina Miseq platform. The composition of GM in each sample was analyzed with MOTHUR,and intergroup comparison was conducted by R software.RESULTS After being on KD treatment for a week,64% of epileptic infants showed an obvious improvement,with a 50% decrease in seizure frequency. GM structure in epileptic infants(P1 group) differed dramatically from that in healthy infants(Health group). Proteobacteria,which had accumulated significantly in the P1 group,decreased dramatically after KD treatment(P2 group). Cronobacter predominated in the P1 group and remained at a low level both in the Health and P2 groups. Bacteroides increased significantly in the P2 group,in which Prevotella and Bifidobacterium also grew in numbers and kept increasing.CONCLUSION GM pattern in healthy infants differed dramatically from that of the epileptic group. KD could significantly modify symptoms of epilepsy and reshape the GM of epileptic infants.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Innovative Foundation of Shanghai University (SHUCX091031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51074105)the National Basic Research Priorities Program of China (No.2007CB613606)
文摘The reduction of ilmenite concentrate by hydrogen gas was investigated in the temperature range of 500 to 1200℃. The microstructure and phase transition of the reduction products were studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and optical microscopy （OM）. It was found that the weight loss and iron metallization rate increased with the increase of reduction temperature and reaction time. The iron metallization rate could reach 87.5% when the sample was reduced at 1150℃ for 80 min. The final phase constituents mainly consist of Fe, M305 solid solution phase （M=Mg, Ti, and Fe）, and few titanium oxide. Microstructure analysis shows that the surfaces of the reduction products have many holes and cracks and the reactions take place from the exterior of the grain to its interior. The kinetics of reduction indicates that the rate-controlling step is diffusion process control with the activation energy of 89 kJ.mo1-1.
