Fingerprinting sulfur speciation in aprotic electrolytes is a key to understand fundamental chemistry and design well-performing lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries.Lithium polysulfide(LiPS)dissolution and deposition in e...Fingerprinting sulfur speciation in aprotic electrolytes is a key to understand fundamental chemistry and design well-performing lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries.Lithium polysulfide(LiPS)dissolution and deposition in ether-based electrolytes during redox reactions have been probed and established by spectroscopy and microscopy.However,detailed LiPS structure and solvation properties influenced by conventional and newly developed electrolytes remain elusive,which exert fundamental challenges and practical difficulties in decoupling battery performance from electrolyte volume.This perspective aims to provide timely information to uncover underlying mechanisms that rein in sulfur speciation by considering the charge density of LiPSs and the coordination strength of solvents/salts.The discussion starts with unlocking the baseline electrolyte formulation to investigate its role in LiPS formation and compatibility.After that,the term coordination strength is used instead of donor number and dielectric constant to describe interactions between solvents and LiPSs and to reveal LiPS structure evolution.This work is expected to encourage the discovery of new electrolyte working mechanisms to develop energy-dense and power-intensive Li–S batteries.展开更多
The Heyuan Fault, is one of the main NE-trending faults in the southernmost South China Block and is close to the northernmost South China Sea to the south. The fault features multi-stage deformation and controlled th...The Heyuan Fault, is one of the main NE-trending faults in the southernmost South China Block and is close to the northernmost South China Sea to the south. The fault features multi-stage deformation and controlled the formation of late Cretaceous to Cenozoic basins. Based on detailed field investigations and comprehensive geochronological research, including zircon U-Pb, Rb-Sr isochron, zircon U-Th-He dating, two episodic tectono-thermal events are recognized. The first occurred during ~79 Ma to 66 Ma, which is characterized by large-scale quartz-fluid emplacement. The other occurred at ~34 Ma, which features the eruption of a set of basalts. The two events show a changing on material source from siliceous hydrotherm to basalt magma, supporting obvious lithospheric thinning of the southernmost South China Block, which shed light on the geological evolution and the interaction mechanisms between the SCB and the northern South China Sea since the Late Cretaceous.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries stand out the energy storage systems because of extremely high energy density(2600 W h Kg−1)and low-cost sulfur cathode.Unfortunately,the sluggish deposition from liquid Li polysulfides...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries stand out the energy storage systems because of extremely high energy density(2600 W h Kg−1)and low-cost sulfur cathode.Unfortunately,the sluggish deposition from liquid Li polysulfides(LiPSs)to solid Li2S leads to mild power density and short cycle life.Understanding and regulating Li_(2)S_(2)/Li2S deposition are conceived to be importance to deliver second-plateau capacity in acceptable kinetics,which has the potential to operation Li–S batteries under electrolyte-lean conditions.This perspective aims to summarize the proposed models that can describe the nucleation and propagation of three-dimensional Li_(2)S_(2)/Li2S,as well as affords critical views how electrolyte dictates LiPS conversion from liquid to solid.It hopes to encourage necessary scaffold strategies and electrolyte formulations to further improve energy density and life span of Li–S batteries.展开更多
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and the gradually decreasing neutralizing antibodies over time post vaccination have led to an increase in incidents of breakthrough infection across the world.To investigate the potential...Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and the gradually decreasing neutralizing antibodies over time post vaccination have led to an increase in incidents of breakthrough infection across the world.To investigate the potential protective effect of the recombinant protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine targeting receptor-binding domain(RBD)(PS-RBD)and whole inactivated virus particle vaccine(IV)against the variant strains,in this study,rhesus macaques were immunized with PS-RBD or IV vaccine,followed by a Beta variant(B.1.351)challenge.Although neutralizing activity against the Beta variant was reduced compared with that against the prototype,the decreased viral load in both upper and lower respiratory tracts,milder pathological changes,and downregulated inflammatory cytokine levels in lung tissues after challenge demonstrated that PS-RBD and IV still provided effective protection against the Beta variant in the macaque model.Furthermore,PS-RBD-induced macaque sera possessed general binding and neutralizing activity to Alpha,Beta,Delta,and Omicron variants in our study,though the neutralizing antibody(NAb)titers declined by varying degrees,demonstrating potential protection of PS-RBD against current circulating variants of concern(VOCs).Interestingly,although the IV vaccine-induced extremely low neutralizing antibody titers against the Beta variant,it still showed reduction for viral load and significantly alleviated pathological change.Other correlates of vaccine-induced protection(CoP)like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)and immune memory were both confirmed to be existing in IV vaccinated group and possibly be involved in the protective mechanism.展开更多
Proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) are involved in a variety of spe- cific cell-cell interactions in the developing nervous system. To identify and characterize new members of this protein family in hum...Proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) are involved in a variety of spe- cific cell-cell interactions in the developing nervous system. To identify and characterize new members of this protein family in human nervous system, we screen the human fetal brain cDNA library and isolate a full-length cDNA clone which contains a 1032 bp open reading frame en- coding a protein of 344 amino acids. Sequence analysis reveals that it is a glycoprotein com- prised of three C2-1ike immunoglobulin domains and is anchored to the plasma membrane via a post-translationally attached glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety. The protein shows high sequence similarity to the rat Ntm (97%), so we term it human neurotrimin (NTM). Northern blot analysis reveals that (HUMAN)NTM has three different transcripts with the length of 3.2 kb, 4.0 kb and 9.0 kb respectively. It has a wider expression pattern than that of (RAT) Ntm. Notably, the expression of NTM in fetal brain is higher than that in mature brain and is stronger in nervous tumors than that in normal brain tissues. We insert an HA epitope tag between the third Ig-like domain of NTM and the site of GPI attachment, then construct it into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1+/Zeocin. The pcDNA3.1-HA-NTM is transfected into the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The results demonstrate that HA-NTM is expressed on the surface of CHO cells and could strengthen the aggregation of CHO-NTM cells.展开更多
The effect of Sn concentration on the superconducting properties and structure of YBa_(2)Cu_(3-x)Sn_(x)O_(7-y) system were systematically investigated.The zero resistance temperature was found to be above 90K as z ran...The effect of Sn concentration on the superconducting properties and structure of YBa_(2)Cu_(3-x)Sn_(x)O_(7-y) system were systematically investigated.The zero resistance temperature was found to be above 90K as z ranges from 0 to 1.1.For x>1.3,the system exhibited no superconducting properties at liquid nitrogen temperature.The results of X-ray diffraction showed a regular pattern of mixed structures of 123 phase and a new phase in the system with the increase of Sn concentration.TEM analysis suggested that the new phase might be BaSnO3 with deformed perovskite structure and about 6% of Cu were substituted by Sn in the 123 phase at x=1.0.It is therefore likely that the new phase modulates the structure of 123 phase and stabilize the 123 phase.Although the Sn atoms enter 123 phase and occupy the Cu sites in the Cu-O chain and break the chain,the system remains with Tc>90K.Consequently,the Cu-O chain plays a less important role in the high-Tc superconductivity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22379121,12275119 and 52227802)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.G2022KY0606)+1 种基金Guangdong Grants(grant No.2021ZT09C064)Shenzhen Foundation Research Fund granted by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(grant No.JCYJ20220530112812028).
文摘Fingerprinting sulfur speciation in aprotic electrolytes is a key to understand fundamental chemistry and design well-performing lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries.Lithium polysulfide(LiPS)dissolution and deposition in ether-based electrolytes during redox reactions have been probed and established by spectroscopy and microscopy.However,detailed LiPS structure and solvation properties influenced by conventional and newly developed electrolytes remain elusive,which exert fundamental challenges and practical difficulties in decoupling battery performance from electrolyte volume.This perspective aims to provide timely information to uncover underlying mechanisms that rein in sulfur speciation by considering the charge density of LiPSs and the coordination strength of solvents/salts.The discussion starts with unlocking the baseline electrolyte formulation to investigate its role in LiPS formation and compatibility.After that,the term coordination strength is used instead of donor number and dielectric constant to describe interactions between solvents and LiPSs and to reveal LiPS structure evolution.This work is expected to encourage the discovery of new electrolyte working mechanisms to develop energy-dense and power-intensive Li–S batteries.
基金jointly supported by projects, including the Study on the Lithospheric Thermal Structure, the Formation Mechanism of Geothermal Systems, and the Assessment of Geothermal Resources of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Grant No.U20A2096)The Huizhou Multi-factors Urban Geological Survey Project (Grant No.DD20190287)the Update and Sharing of China Geological Maps of Land and Sea areas (Grant No.DD20190370)。
文摘The Heyuan Fault, is one of the main NE-trending faults in the southernmost South China Block and is close to the northernmost South China Sea to the south. The fault features multi-stage deformation and controlled the formation of late Cretaceous to Cenozoic basins. Based on detailed field investigations and comprehensive geochronological research, including zircon U-Pb, Rb-Sr isochron, zircon U-Th-He dating, two episodic tectono-thermal events are recognized. The first occurred during ~79 Ma to 66 Ma, which is characterized by large-scale quartz-fluid emplacement. The other occurred at ~34 Ma, which features the eruption of a set of basalts. The two events show a changing on material source from siliceous hydrotherm to basalt magma, supporting obvious lithospheric thinning of the southernmost South China Block, which shed light on the geological evolution and the interaction mechanisms between the SCB and the northern South China Sea since the Late Cretaceous.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.22379121)Shenzhen Foundation Research Fund(grant No.JCYJ20220530112812028)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Artificially Structured Functional Materials and Devices(grant No.AFMD-KFJ-22204)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.G2022KY0606)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials(grant No.22kfhg05).
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries stand out the energy storage systems because of extremely high energy density(2600 W h Kg−1)and low-cost sulfur cathode.Unfortunately,the sluggish deposition from liquid Li polysulfides(LiPSs)to solid Li2S leads to mild power density and short cycle life.Understanding and regulating Li_(2)S_(2)/Li2S deposition are conceived to be importance to deliver second-plateau capacity in acceptable kinetics,which has the potential to operation Li–S batteries under electrolyte-lean conditions.This perspective aims to summarize the proposed models that can describe the nucleation and propagation of three-dimensional Li_(2)S_(2)/Li2S,as well as affords critical views how electrolyte dictates LiPS conversion from liquid to solid.It hopes to encourage necessary scaffold strategies and electrolyte formulations to further improve energy density and life span of Li–S batteries.
基金Emergency Key Program of Guangzhou Laboratory(Grant No.EKPG21-30-1)。
文摘Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and the gradually decreasing neutralizing antibodies over time post vaccination have led to an increase in incidents of breakthrough infection across the world.To investigate the potential protective effect of the recombinant protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine targeting receptor-binding domain(RBD)(PS-RBD)and whole inactivated virus particle vaccine(IV)against the variant strains,in this study,rhesus macaques were immunized with PS-RBD or IV vaccine,followed by a Beta variant(B.1.351)challenge.Although neutralizing activity against the Beta variant was reduced compared with that against the prototype,the decreased viral load in both upper and lower respiratory tracts,milder pathological changes,and downregulated inflammatory cytokine levels in lung tissues after challenge demonstrated that PS-RBD and IV still provided effective protection against the Beta variant in the macaque model.Furthermore,PS-RBD-induced macaque sera possessed general binding and neutralizing activity to Alpha,Beta,Delta,and Omicron variants in our study,though the neutralizing antibody(NAb)titers declined by varying degrees,demonstrating potential protection of PS-RBD against current circulating variants of concern(VOCs).Interestingly,although the IV vaccine-induced extremely low neutralizing antibody titers against the Beta variant,it still showed reduction for viral load and significantly alleviated pathological change.Other correlates of vaccine-induced protection(CoP)like antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC)and immune memory were both confirmed to be existing in IV vaccinated group and possibly be involved in the protective mechanism.
基金This work was supported by the National Program for Key Basic Research Project(G1998051002)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(2001 AA221041+1 种基金2002BA711A01-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.39830070).
文摘Proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) are involved in a variety of spe- cific cell-cell interactions in the developing nervous system. To identify and characterize new members of this protein family in human nervous system, we screen the human fetal brain cDNA library and isolate a full-length cDNA clone which contains a 1032 bp open reading frame en- coding a protein of 344 amino acids. Sequence analysis reveals that it is a glycoprotein com- prised of three C2-1ike immunoglobulin domains and is anchored to the plasma membrane via a post-translationally attached glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety. The protein shows high sequence similarity to the rat Ntm (97%), so we term it human neurotrimin (NTM). Northern blot analysis reveals that (HUMAN)NTM has three different transcripts with the length of 3.2 kb, 4.0 kb and 9.0 kb respectively. It has a wider expression pattern than that of (RAT) Ntm. Notably, the expression of NTM in fetal brain is higher than that in mature brain and is stronger in nervous tumors than that in normal brain tissues. We insert an HA epitope tag between the third Ig-like domain of NTM and the site of GPI attachment, then construct it into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1+/Zeocin. The pcDNA3.1-HA-NTM is transfected into the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The results demonstrate that HA-NTM is expressed on the surface of CHO cells and could strengthen the aggregation of CHO-NTM cells.
文摘The effect of Sn concentration on the superconducting properties and structure of YBa_(2)Cu_(3-x)Sn_(x)O_(7-y) system were systematically investigated.The zero resistance temperature was found to be above 90K as z ranges from 0 to 1.1.For x>1.3,the system exhibited no superconducting properties at liquid nitrogen temperature.The results of X-ray diffraction showed a regular pattern of mixed structures of 123 phase and a new phase in the system with the increase of Sn concentration.TEM analysis suggested that the new phase might be BaSnO3 with deformed perovskite structure and about 6% of Cu were substituted by Sn in the 123 phase at x=1.0.It is therefore likely that the new phase modulates the structure of 123 phase and stabilize the 123 phase.Although the Sn atoms enter 123 phase and occupy the Cu sites in the Cu-O chain and break the chain,the system remains with Tc>90K.Consequently,the Cu-O chain plays a less important role in the high-Tc superconductivity.
