Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of eme...Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.展开更多
目的:采用网络药理学方法对菟丝子主要活性成分的作用机制进行分析,探讨其成分、多靶点、靶点相关信号通路及生物学过程的相互关系。方法:首先借助中药系统药理学分析平台(Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform,TCM...目的:采用网络药理学方法对菟丝子主要活性成分的作用机制进行分析,探讨其成分、多靶点、靶点相关信号通路及生物学过程的相互关系。方法:首先借助中药系统药理学分析平台(Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform,TCMSP)筛选出菟丝子中的活性成分及相关作用靶点,然后通过Uniprot数据库对提取靶点进行筛选与转化,并利用CTD网络在线分析平台获取与靶点相关的疾病,利用Cytoscape 3.6.1及其插件ClueGO构建“活性成分-靶点”“靶点-疾病”“靶点-生物学通路”网络图,最后利用Cytoscape 3.6.1中的Network Analyzer插件分析网络图,获取相关拓扑异构信息,建立菟丝子成分-靶点-通路网络模型。结果:筛选得到菟丝子8个活性成分,涉及靶点118个,靶点相关疾病516种;对所得靶点进行GO分析,再经Kappa算法聚类,共获得79类相关生物学过程和57类信号相关信号通路。结论:初步探讨菟丝子主要活性成分的作用机制,为深入研究菟丝子的药效作用及其机制提供参考。展开更多
目的:以甘草黄酮类成分预测其作用靶点和药效作用,构建甘草黄酮多成分-多靶点网络。方法:依托中药系统药理学分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)检索甘草的化学成分,...目的:以甘草黄酮类成分预测其作用靶点和药效作用,构建甘草黄酮多成分-多靶点网络。方法:依托中药系统药理学分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)检索甘草的化学成分,把口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability,OB)≥50%和类药性(drug likeness,DL)≥0.18作为筛选条件,并根据分子结构筛选黄酮类成分;通过TCMSP和Swiss Target Prediction数据库获取黄酮类活性成分的相关靶点。通过UniProt数据库提取作用靶点的基因名称,并利用生物学信息注释数据库(database for annotation,visualization and integrated discovery,DAVID)对靶点进行相关通路富集。最后用Cytoscape 3.2.0软件构建"成分-靶点"和"靶点-通路"网络图。结果:筛选得到28个黄酮类活性成分,可作用于97个潜在靶点和61条相关通路,涉及抗肿瘤、抗炎、内分泌调节和氨基酸代谢等多个环节,预测结果得到文献印证。结论:通过网络药理学验证了甘草黄酮多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用特点,为系统研究甘草活性成分药效作用及机制提供了参考。展开更多
Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possibl...Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages.(1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period(15–11.6 ka BP), Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.(2) In the early-mid Holocene(11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions.(3) In the mid-late Holocene(6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas.(4) In the late Holocene(4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.展开更多
A novel method for recombinant adeno-associ-ated virus (rAAV) purification on large scale is described. The method involves three steps, including chloroform treatment, PEG/NaCl precipitation and chloroform extraction...A novel method for recombinant adeno-associ-ated virus (rAAV) purification on large scale is described. The method involves three steps, including chloroform treatment, PEG/NaCl precipitation and chloroform extraction. The whole procedure can be performed in four hours. Using this purification method, we can reproducibly obtain, from 4 × 109 of proviral cells cultured in roller bottles, purified rAAV-GFP stocks with titers of around 5×1013 particles/mL and purity greater than 95%. The infectious titers of the vector stocks were up to 2×1012 TU/mL, thus particle-to-infectivity rate was about 25. Under an electronic microscope, most rAAV particles appeared full and a few were in intermediate form. Empty particles were rarely seen. The purified rAAV-GFP stocks have been successfully used in in vitro and in vivo transfection experiments. Therefore, this new method offers a simple, rapid and cost-effective way for large-scale rAAV purification.展开更多
Studying the regulatory mechanisms that drive nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE)in crops is important for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.In this study,we generated a high-quality genome assembly for th...Studying the regulatory mechanisms that drive nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE)in crops is important for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.In this study,we generated a high-quality genome assembly for the high-NUE wheat cultivar Kenong 9204 and systematically analyzed genes related to nitrogen uptake and metabolism.By comparative analyses,we found that the high-affinity nitrate transporter gene family had expanded in Triticeae.Further studies showed that subsequent functional differentiation endowed the expanded family members with saline inducibility,providing a genetic basis for improving the adaptability of wheat to nitrogen deficiency in various habitats.To explore the genetic and molecular mechanisms of high NUE,we compared genomic and transcriptomic data from the high-NUE cultivar Kenong 9204(KN9204)and the low-NUE cultivar Jing 411 and quantified their nitrogen accumulation under high-and low-nitrogen conditions.Compared with Jing 411,KN9204 absorbed significantly more nitrogen at the reproductive stage after shooting and accumulated it in the shoots and seeds.Transcriptome data analysis revealed that nitrogen deficiency clearly suppressed the expression of genes related to cell division in the young spike of Jing 411,whereas this suppression of gene expression was much lower in KN9204.In addition,KN9204 maintained relatively high expression of NPF genes for a longer time than Jing 411 during seed maturity.Physiological and transcriptome data revealed that KN9204 was more tolerant of nitrogen deficiency than Jing 411,especially at the reproductive stage.The high NUE of KN9204 is an integrated effect controlled at different levels.Taken together,our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of NUE and important gene resources for improving wheat cultivars with a higher NUE trait.展开更多
文摘Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.
文摘目的:采用网络药理学方法对菟丝子主要活性成分的作用机制进行分析,探讨其成分、多靶点、靶点相关信号通路及生物学过程的相互关系。方法:首先借助中药系统药理学分析平台(Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform,TCMSP)筛选出菟丝子中的活性成分及相关作用靶点,然后通过Uniprot数据库对提取靶点进行筛选与转化,并利用CTD网络在线分析平台获取与靶点相关的疾病,利用Cytoscape 3.6.1及其插件ClueGO构建“活性成分-靶点”“靶点-疾病”“靶点-生物学通路”网络图,最后利用Cytoscape 3.6.1中的Network Analyzer插件分析网络图,获取相关拓扑异构信息,建立菟丝子成分-靶点-通路网络模型。结果:筛选得到菟丝子8个活性成分,涉及靶点118个,靶点相关疾病516种;对所得靶点进行GO分析,再经Kappa算法聚类,共获得79类相关生物学过程和57类信号相关信号通路。结论:初步探讨菟丝子主要活性成分的作用机制,为深入研究菟丝子的药效作用及其机制提供参考。
文摘目的:以甘草黄酮类成分预测其作用靶点和药效作用,构建甘草黄酮多成分-多靶点网络。方法:依托中药系统药理学分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)检索甘草的化学成分,把口服生物利用度(oral bioavailability,OB)≥50%和类药性(drug likeness,DL)≥0.18作为筛选条件,并根据分子结构筛选黄酮类成分;通过TCMSP和Swiss Target Prediction数据库获取黄酮类活性成分的相关靶点。通过UniProt数据库提取作用靶点的基因名称,并利用生物学信息注释数据库(database for annotation,visualization and integrated discovery,DAVID)对靶点进行相关通路富集。最后用Cytoscape 3.2.0软件构建"成分-靶点"和"靶点-通路"网络图。结果:筛选得到28个黄酮类活性成分,可作用于97个潜在靶点和61条相关通路,涉及抗肿瘤、抗炎、内分泌调节和氨基酸代谢等多个环节,预测结果得到文献印证。结论:通过网络药理学验证了甘草黄酮多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用特点,为系统研究甘草活性成分药效作用及机制提供了参考。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41101087 & 41171168)the Project of Tracing Civilization Origin (Grant No. 2013BAK08B02)Primary Supports for Scientific Research of Lanzhou University (Grant Nos. LZUJBKY-2014-121, LZUJBKY-2016-159, LZUJBKY-2015-K09 & LZUJBKY-2014-120)
文摘Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages.(1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period(15–11.6 ka BP), Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.(2) In the early-mid Holocene(11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions.(3) In the mid-late Holocene(6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas.(4) In the late Holocene(4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.
基金the National High-technology Development Program (Grant No. Z20-05-02).
文摘A novel method for recombinant adeno-associ-ated virus (rAAV) purification on large scale is described. The method involves three steps, including chloroform treatment, PEG/NaCl precipitation and chloroform extraction. The whole procedure can be performed in four hours. Using this purification method, we can reproducibly obtain, from 4 × 109 of proviral cells cultured in roller bottles, purified rAAV-GFP stocks with titers of around 5×1013 particles/mL and purity greater than 95%. The infectious titers of the vector stocks were up to 2×1012 TU/mL, thus particle-to-infectivity rate was about 25. Under an electronic microscope, most rAAV particles appeared full and a few were in intermediate form. Empty particles were rarely seen. The purified rAAV-GFP stocks have been successfully used in in vitro and in vivo transfection experiments. Therefore, this new method offers a simple, rapid and cost-effective way for large-scale rAAV purification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.31921005 and 31991211)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant nos.XDA24010104,XDA24010204,and XDA24030102)+1 种基金the Special Information Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XXH13506-408)the China Agricultural Research System(grant no.CARS-03).
文摘Studying the regulatory mechanisms that drive nitrogen-use efficiency(NUE)in crops is important for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.In this study,we generated a high-quality genome assembly for the high-NUE wheat cultivar Kenong 9204 and systematically analyzed genes related to nitrogen uptake and metabolism.By comparative analyses,we found that the high-affinity nitrate transporter gene family had expanded in Triticeae.Further studies showed that subsequent functional differentiation endowed the expanded family members with saline inducibility,providing a genetic basis for improving the adaptability of wheat to nitrogen deficiency in various habitats.To explore the genetic and molecular mechanisms of high NUE,we compared genomic and transcriptomic data from the high-NUE cultivar Kenong 9204(KN9204)and the low-NUE cultivar Jing 411 and quantified their nitrogen accumulation under high-and low-nitrogen conditions.Compared with Jing 411,KN9204 absorbed significantly more nitrogen at the reproductive stage after shooting and accumulated it in the shoots and seeds.Transcriptome data analysis revealed that nitrogen deficiency clearly suppressed the expression of genes related to cell division in the young spike of Jing 411,whereas this suppression of gene expression was much lower in KN9204.In addition,KN9204 maintained relatively high expression of NPF genes for a longer time than Jing 411 during seed maturity.Physiological and transcriptome data revealed that KN9204 was more tolerant of nitrogen deficiency than Jing 411,especially at the reproductive stage.The high NUE of KN9204 is an integrated effect controlled at different levels.Taken together,our data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of NUE and important gene resources for improving wheat cultivars with a higher NUE trait.
