以纯茶油和掺假茶油(掺入大豆油、玉米油)作为核磁共振氢谱检测对象,结合化学计量学方法分析处理核磁数据,建立一种能快速预测茶油掺假的方法。结果表明:纯茶油和掺假茶油在主成分分析得分图上有较好地区分,且掺假样品随掺假比例在图中...以纯茶油和掺假茶油(掺入大豆油、玉米油)作为核磁共振氢谱检测对象,结合化学计量学方法分析处理核磁数据,建立一种能快速预测茶油掺假的方法。结果表明:纯茶油和掺假茶油在主成分分析得分图上有较好地区分,且掺假样品随掺假比例在图中呈规律性分布,但少部分低体积分数的掺假油与纯茶油重叠。而采用偏最小二乘判别(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)法可以得到更好的分离效果,在该模型中,纯茶油的判别准确率为100%。进一步采用PLS可实现对茶油掺假水平的准确定量测定。该方法可简单、快速地用于茶油的掺假鉴别,在茶油品质控制及评价方面具有很大的应用潜力。展开更多
Urbanization in China has expanded at an unprecedented speed since the declaration of "Reform and Open Policy"and presented many challenges. Unbalanced regional development, appearance of super megacities an...Urbanization in China has expanded at an unprecedented speed since the declaration of "Reform and Open Policy"and presented many challenges. Unbalanced regional development, appearance of super megacities and concomitant problems,and conflicts between urbanization and cultivated land protection are three critical problems that Chinese urbanization has to face. To develop new plans for foreseeable future urbanization in China, it is critical to understand the evolving history of cities across China. This study maps urban expansion of 60 typical Chinese cities based on large amount of remote sensing data and the labor-intensive image interpretation method, in order to understand the history of urban expansion from the 1970 s to 2013.Results showed that area of cities expanded 5.23 times compared to their area in the 1970 s. Urban expansion in China accelerated three times(1988–1996, 1999–2006, and 2009–2011) and decelerated three times(1997–1998, 2007–2008, and 2012–2013) over the 40 years. The urban area of South China expanded most significantly 9.42 times, while the urban area in Northeast China expanded only 2.37 times. The disparity among different administrative ranks of cities was even greater than(3.81 times) the differences among different regions. Super megacities have been continuously expanding at a fast rate(8.60-fold), and have not shown obvious signs of slowing down. The proportion of cultivated land among the land sources for urban expansion decreased to a small extent in the 1990 s, but cultivated land continues to be the major land source for urban expansion. Effective future urbanization needs controlling the expansion scale of large cities and reasonably developing medium and small cities, as well as balancing regional development.展开更多
文摘以纯茶油和掺假茶油(掺入大豆油、玉米油)作为核磁共振氢谱检测对象,结合化学计量学方法分析处理核磁数据,建立一种能快速预测茶油掺假的方法。结果表明:纯茶油和掺假茶油在主成分分析得分图上有较好地区分,且掺假样品随掺假比例在图中呈规律性分布,但少部分低体积分数的掺假油与纯茶油重叠。而采用偏最小二乘判别(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)法可以得到更好的分离效果,在该模型中,纯茶油的判别准确率为100%。进一步采用PLS可实现对茶油掺假水平的准确定量测定。该方法可简单、快速地用于茶油的掺假鉴别,在茶油品质控制及评价方面具有很大的应用潜力。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41201443)“One-Three-Five”Strategic Planning Program by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(Grant No.Y4SG0100CX)National Remote Sensing Centre of China
文摘Urbanization in China has expanded at an unprecedented speed since the declaration of "Reform and Open Policy"and presented many challenges. Unbalanced regional development, appearance of super megacities and concomitant problems,and conflicts between urbanization and cultivated land protection are three critical problems that Chinese urbanization has to face. To develop new plans for foreseeable future urbanization in China, it is critical to understand the evolving history of cities across China. This study maps urban expansion of 60 typical Chinese cities based on large amount of remote sensing data and the labor-intensive image interpretation method, in order to understand the history of urban expansion from the 1970 s to 2013.Results showed that area of cities expanded 5.23 times compared to their area in the 1970 s. Urban expansion in China accelerated three times(1988–1996, 1999–2006, and 2009–2011) and decelerated three times(1997–1998, 2007–2008, and 2012–2013) over the 40 years. The urban area of South China expanded most significantly 9.42 times, while the urban area in Northeast China expanded only 2.37 times. The disparity among different administrative ranks of cities was even greater than(3.81 times) the differences among different regions. Super megacities have been continuously expanding at a fast rate(8.60-fold), and have not shown obvious signs of slowing down. The proportion of cultivated land among the land sources for urban expansion decreased to a small extent in the 1990 s, but cultivated land continues to be the major land source for urban expansion. Effective future urbanization needs controlling the expansion scale of large cities and reasonably developing medium and small cities, as well as balancing regional development.
