Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of eme...Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.展开更多
Images captured in hazy or foggy weather conditions can be seriously degraded by scattering of atmospheric particles,which reduces the contrast,changes the color,and makes the object features difficult to identify by ...Images captured in hazy or foggy weather conditions can be seriously degraded by scattering of atmospheric particles,which reduces the contrast,changes the color,and makes the object features difficult to identify by human vision and by some outdoor computer vision systems.Therefore image dehazing is an important issue and has been widely researched in the field of computer vision.The role of image dehazing is to remove the influence of weather factors in order to improve the visual effects of the image and provide benefit to post-processing.This paper reviews the main techniques of image dehazing that have been developed over the past decade.Firstly,we innovatively divide a number of approaches into three categories:image enhancement based methods,image fusion based methods and image restoration based methods.All methods are analyzed and corresponding sub-categories are introduced according to principles and characteristics.Various quality evaluation methods are then described,sorted and discussed in detail.Finally,research progress is summarized and future research directions are suggested.展开更多
Along with the develoipment of high-throughput sequencing technologies,both sample size and SNP number are increasing rapidly in genome-wide association studies(GWAS),and the associated computation is more challenging...Along with the develoipment of high-throughput sequencing technologies,both sample size and SNP number are increasing rapidly in genome-wide association studies(GWAS),and the associated computation is more challenging than ever.Here,we present a memory-efficient,visualization-enhanced,and parallel-accelerated R package called“r MVP”to address the need for improved GWAS computation.r MVP can 1)effectively process large GWAS data,2)rapidly evaluate population structure,3)efficiently estimate variance components by Efficient Mixed-Model Association e Xpedited(EMMAX),Factored Spectrally Transformed Linear Mixed Models(Fa ST-LMM),and Haseman-Elston(HE)regression algorithms,4)implement parallel-accelerated association tests of markers using general linear model(GLM),mixed linear model(MLM),and fixed and random model circulating probability unification(Farm CPU)methods,5)compute fast with a globally efficient design in the GWAS processes,and 6)generate various visualizations of GWASrelated information.Accelerated by block matrix multiplication strategy and multiple threads,the association test methods embedded in r MVP are significantly faster than PLINK,GEMMA,and Farm CPU_pkg.r MVP is freely available at https://github.com/xiaolei-lab/r MVP.展开更多
Remarkable progress has been made in developing intramuscular vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2);however,they are limited with respect to eliciting local immunity in the respi...Remarkable progress has been made in developing intramuscular vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2);however,they are limited with respect to eliciting local immunity in the respiratory tract,which is the primary infection site for SARS-CoV-2.To overcome the limitations of intramuscular vaccines,we constructed a nasal vaccine candidate based on an influenza vector by inserting a gene encoding the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of the spike protein of SARSCoV-2,named CA4-d NS1-n CoV-RBD(d NS1-RBD).A preclinical study showed that in hamsters challenged 1d after single-dose vaccination or 9 months after booster vaccination,d NS1-RBD largely mitigated lung pathology,with no loss of body weight.Moreover,such cellular immunity is relatively unimpaired for the most concerning SARS-Co V-2 variants,especially for the latest Omicron variant.In addition,this vaccine also provides cross-protection against H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses.The protective immune mechanism of d NS1-RBD could be attributed to the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium,local RBD-specific T cell response in the lung,and RBD-specific Ig A and Ig G response.Thus,this study demonstrates that the intranasally delivered d NS1-RBD vaccine candidate may offer an important addition to the fight against the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and influenza infection,compensating limitations of current intramuscular vaccines.展开更多
Artemisia annua is the major natural source of artemisinin,an anti-malarial medicine commonly used worldwide.Here,we present chromosome-level haploid maps for two A.annua strains with different artemisinin contents to...Artemisia annua is the major natural source of artemisinin,an anti-malarial medicine commonly used worldwide.Here,we present chromosome-level haploid maps for two A.annua strains with different artemisinin contents to explore the relationships between genomic organization and artemisinin production.High-fidelity sequencing,optical mapping,and chromatin conformation capture sequencing were used to assemble the heterogeneous and repetitive genome and resolve the haplotypes of A.annua.Approximately 5o,ooo genes were annotated for each haplotype genome,and a triplication event that occurred approximately 58.12million years ago was examined for the first time in this species.A total of 3,903,467-5,193,414 variants(SNPs,indels,and structural variants)were identified in the 1.5-Gb genome during pairwise comparison between haplotypes,consistent with the high heterozygosity of this species.Genomic analyses revealed a correlation between artemisinin concents and the copy number of amorpha-4,11-dienes ynthasegenes.This correlation was further confirmed by resequencing of 36A.annua samples with varied artemisinin contents.Circular consensus sequencing of transcripts facilitated the detection of paralog expression.Collectively,our study provides chromosome-level allele-aware genome assemblies for two A.annua strains and new insights into the biosynthesis of artemisinin and its regulation,which will contribute to conquering malaria worldwide.展开更多
Conventional PCR methods combined with linkage analysis based on short tandem repeats （STRs） or Karyomapping with single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） arrays, have been applied to preimplantation genetic diagnosis...Conventional PCR methods combined with linkage analysis based on short tandem repeats （STRs） or Karyomapping with single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） arrays, have been applied to preimplantation genetic diagnosis （PGD） for spinal muscular atrophy （SMA）, an autosome recessive disorder. However, it has limitations in SMA diagnosis by Karyomapping, and these methods are unable to distinguish wild- type embryos with carriers effectively. Mutated allele revealed by sequencing with aneuploidy and linkage analyses （MARSALA） is a new method allowing embryo selection by a one-step next-generation sequencing （NGS） procedure, which has been applied in PGD for both autosome dominant and X-linked diseases in our group previously. In this study, we carried out PGD based on MARSALA for two carrier families with SMA affected children. As a result, one of the couples has given birth to a healthy baby free of mutations in SMA-causing gene. It is the first time that MARSALA was applied to PGD for SMA, and we can distinguish the embryos with heterozygous deletion （carriers） from the wild-type （normal） ones accurately through this NGS-based method. In addition, direct mutation detection allows us to identify the affected embryos （homozygous deletion）, which can be regarded as probands for linkage analysis, in case that the affected family member is absent, In the future, the NGS-based MARSALA method is expected to be used in PGD for all monogenetic disorders with known pathogenic gene mutation.展开更多
文摘Syncope belongs to the transient loss of consciousness(TLOC), characterized by a rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous complete recovery. It is common in children and adolescents, accounting for 1% to 2% of emergency department visits.Recurrent syncope can seriously affect children's physical and mental health, learning ability and quality of life and sometimes cardiac syncope even poses a risk of sudden death. The present guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was developed for guiding a better clinical management of pediatric syncope. Based on the globally recent development and the evidence-based data in China, 2018 Chinese Pediatric Cardiology Society(CPCS) guideline for diagnosis and treatment of syncope in children and adolescents was jointly prepared by the Pediatric Cardiology Society, Chinese Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association(CMA)/Committee on Pediatric Syncope, Pediatricians Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Committee on Pediatric Cardiology, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physicians, Chinese Medical Doctor Association(CMDA)/Pediatric Cardiology Society, Beijing Pediatric Society, Beijing Medical Association(BMA). The present guideline includes the underlying diseases of syncope in children and adolescents, the diagnostic procedures, methodology and clinical significance of standing test and headup tilt test, the clinical diagnosis vasovagal syncope, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension, and the treatment of syncope as well as follow-up.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61403283)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2013FQ036.ZR2015PE025)+2 种基金the Spark Program of China(2013GA740053)the Spark Program of Shandong Province(2013XH06034)the Technology Development Plan of Weifang City(201301015)
文摘Images captured in hazy or foggy weather conditions can be seriously degraded by scattering of atmospheric particles,which reduces the contrast,changes the color,and makes the object features difficult to identify by human vision and by some outdoor computer vision systems.Therefore image dehazing is an important issue and has been widely researched in the field of computer vision.The role of image dehazing is to remove the influence of weather factors in order to improve the visual effects of the image and provide benefit to post-processing.This paper reviews the main techniques of image dehazing that have been developed over the past decade.Firstly,we innovatively divide a number of approaches into three categories:image enhancement based methods,image fusion based methods and image restoration based methods.All methods are analyzed and corresponding sub-categories are introduced according to principles and characteristics.Various quality evaluation methods are then described,sorted and discussed in detail.Finally,research progress is summarized and future research directions are suggested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31730089,31672391,31702087,and 31701144)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFD0101900)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.2662020DKPY007 and 2662019PY011)the National Science Foundation,USA(Grant No.DBI 1661348)the National Swine System Industry Technology System,China(Grant No.CARS-35)。
文摘Along with the develoipment of high-throughput sequencing technologies,both sample size and SNP number are increasing rapidly in genome-wide association studies(GWAS),and the associated computation is more challenging than ever.Here,we present a memory-efficient,visualization-enhanced,and parallel-accelerated R package called“r MVP”to address the need for improved GWAS computation.r MVP can 1)effectively process large GWAS data,2)rapidly evaluate population structure,3)efficiently estimate variance components by Efficient Mixed-Model Association e Xpedited(EMMAX),Factored Spectrally Transformed Linear Mixed Models(Fa ST-LMM),and Haseman-Elston(HE)regression algorithms,4)implement parallel-accelerated association tests of markers using general linear model(GLM),mixed linear model(MLM),and fixed and random model circulating probability unification(Farm CPU)methods,5)compute fast with a globally efficient design in the GWAS processes,and 6)generate various visualizations of GWASrelated information.Accelerated by block matrix multiplication strategy and multiple threads,the association test methods embedded in r MVP are significantly faster than PLINK,GEMMA,and Farm CPU_pkg.r MVP is freely available at https://github.com/xiaolei-lab/r MVP.
基金supported by the National Program on Key Research Project of China(2020YFC0842600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82041038,81871651,and 81991491)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Program of Fujian Province(2020YZ014001)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2021J02006)。
文摘Remarkable progress has been made in developing intramuscular vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2);however,they are limited with respect to eliciting local immunity in the respiratory tract,which is the primary infection site for SARS-CoV-2.To overcome the limitations of intramuscular vaccines,we constructed a nasal vaccine candidate based on an influenza vector by inserting a gene encoding the receptor-binding domain(RBD)of the spike protein of SARSCoV-2,named CA4-d NS1-n CoV-RBD(d NS1-RBD).A preclinical study showed that in hamsters challenged 1d after single-dose vaccination or 9 months after booster vaccination,d NS1-RBD largely mitigated lung pathology,with no loss of body weight.Moreover,such cellular immunity is relatively unimpaired for the most concerning SARS-Co V-2 variants,especially for the latest Omicron variant.In addition,this vaccine also provides cross-protection against H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses.The protective immune mechanism of d NS1-RBD could be attributed to the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium,local RBD-specific T cell response in the lung,and RBD-specific Ig A and Ig G response.Thus,this study demonstrates that the intranasally delivered d NS1-RBD vaccine candidate may offer an important addition to the fight against the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and influenza infection,compensating limitations of current intramuscular vaccines.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1711100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1812403-1,81641002)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds forthe Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ13-YQ-047,ZZ13-YQ-102)the National Major Science and Technology Projects(2017ZX09101002-003-001,2019ZX09201005-006-001,2019ZX09201005-002-002).
文摘Artemisia annua is the major natural source of artemisinin,an anti-malarial medicine commonly used worldwide.Here,we present chromosome-level haploid maps for two A.annua strains with different artemisinin contents to explore the relationships between genomic organization and artemisinin production.High-fidelity sequencing,optical mapping,and chromatin conformation capture sequencing were used to assemble the heterogeneous and repetitive genome and resolve the haplotypes of A.annua.Approximately 5o,ooo genes were annotated for each haplotype genome,and a triplication event that occurred approximately 58.12million years ago was examined for the first time in this species.A total of 3,903,467-5,193,414 variants(SNPs,indels,and structural variants)were identified in the 1.5-Gb genome during pairwise comparison between haplotypes,consistent with the high heterozygosity of this species.Genomic analyses revealed a correlation between artemisinin concents and the copy number of amorpha-4,11-dienes ynthasegenes.This correlation was further confirmed by resequencing of 36A.annua samples with varied artemisinin contents.Circular consensus sequencing of transcripts facilitated the detection of paralog expression.Collectively,our study provides chromosome-level allele-aware genome assemblies for two A.annua strains and new insights into the biosynthesis of artemisinin and its regulation,which will contribute to conquering malaria worldwide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31522034, 31571544 and 31230047)the National High Technology Research and Development Program (No. 2015AA020407)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (No. D151100002415004)Research Fund of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China (No. 201402004)
文摘Conventional PCR methods combined with linkage analysis based on short tandem repeats （STRs） or Karyomapping with single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） arrays, have been applied to preimplantation genetic diagnosis （PGD） for spinal muscular atrophy （SMA）, an autosome recessive disorder. However, it has limitations in SMA diagnosis by Karyomapping, and these methods are unable to distinguish wild- type embryos with carriers effectively. Mutated allele revealed by sequencing with aneuploidy and linkage analyses （MARSALA） is a new method allowing embryo selection by a one-step next-generation sequencing （NGS） procedure, which has been applied in PGD for both autosome dominant and X-linked diseases in our group previously. In this study, we carried out PGD based on MARSALA for two carrier families with SMA affected children. As a result, one of the couples has given birth to a healthy baby free of mutations in SMA-causing gene. It is the first time that MARSALA was applied to PGD for SMA, and we can distinguish the embryos with heterozygous deletion （carriers） from the wild-type （normal） ones accurately through this NGS-based method. In addition, direct mutation detection allows us to identify the affected embryos （homozygous deletion）, which can be regarded as probands for linkage analysis, in case that the affected family member is absent, In the future, the NGS-based MARSALA method is expected to be used in PGD for all monogenetic disorders with known pathogenic gene mutation.
