交直流电网混联,大规模电力跨区输送成为我国电力系统的主要特点。电网换相换流器型直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)是我国交直流混联电网的主要组成部分,为实现交直流混联电网快速、准确仿...交直流电网混联,大规模电力跨区输送成为我国电力系统的主要特点。电网换相换流器型直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)是我国交直流混联电网的主要组成部分,为实现交直流混联电网快速、准确仿真,该文对现有的LCC-HVDC换流器建模方法进行了分析与总结,对其优缺点进行评述,并根据作者观点,提出可进一步研究的内容:在仿真规模较大的交直流混联电网时,可用开关函数对LCC-HVDC进行建模,但模型准确度需要提升;多条LCC-HVDC输电线路的仿真可使用换流器级别模型与换流阀级别模型进行组合仿真;不同精细程度模型之间的数据接口要进行优化设计。展开更多
The characteristics of the energy structure of rich coal,less oil and less gas,coupling with a high external dependence on oil and natural gas and the emphasis on the efficient and clean utilisation of coal,have broug...The characteristics of the energy structure of rich coal,less oil and less gas,coupling with a high external dependence on oil and natural gas and the emphasis on the efficient and clean utilisation of coal,have brought opportunities for coal chemical industry.However,with the large-scale popularisation of coal gasification technology,the production and resulting storage of coal gasification slag continue to increase,which not only result in serious environmental pollution and a waste of terrestrial resources,but also seriously affect the sustainable development of coal chemical enterprises.Hence,the treatment of coal gasification slag is extremely important.In this paper,the production,composition,morphology,particle size structure and water holding characteristics of coal gasification slag are introduced,and the methods of carbon ash separation of gasification slag,both domestically and abroad,are summarised.In addition,the paper also summarises the research progress on gasification slag in building materials,ecological restoration,residual carbon utilisation and other high-value utilisation,and ultimately puts forward the idea of the comprehensive utilisation of gasification slag.For large-scale consumption to solve the environmental problems of enterprises and achieve high-value utilisation to increase the economic benefits of enterprises,it is urgent to zealously design a reasonable and comprehensive utilisation technologies with simple operational processes,strong adaptability and economic benefits.展开更多
TRIM22, a tripartite-motif （TRIM） protein, is upregulated upon interferon alpha （IFNa） administration to hepatitis C virus （HCV）-infected patients. However, the physiological role of TRIM22 upregulation remains ...TRIM22, a tripartite-motif （TRIM） protein, is upregulated upon interferon alpha （IFNa） administration to hepatitis C virus （HCV）-infected patients. However, the physiological role of TRIM22 upregulation remains unclear. Here, we describe a potential antiviral function of TRI M22＇s targeting of the HCV NSSA protein. NS5A is important for HCV replication and for resistance to I FNa therapy. During the first 24 h following the initiation of I FNa treatment, upregulation of TRIM22 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） of HCV patients correlated with a decrease in viral titer. This phenomenon was confirmed in the hepatocyte-derived cell line Huh-7, which is highly permissive for HCV infection. TRIM22 over-expression inhibited HCV replication, and Small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated knockdown of TRIM22 diminished IFNα-induced anti-HCV function. Furthermore, we determined that TRIM22 ubiquitinates NS5A in a concentration-dependent manner. In summary, our results suggest that TRIM22 upregulation is associated with HCV decline during IFNα treatment and Dlavs an important role in controlling HCV replication in vitro.展开更多
文摘交直流电网混联,大规模电力跨区输送成为我国电力系统的主要特点。电网换相换流器型直流输电(line commutated converter high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)是我国交直流混联电网的主要组成部分,为实现交直流混联电网快速、准确仿真,该文对现有的LCC-HVDC换流器建模方法进行了分析与总结,对其优缺点进行评述,并根据作者观点,提出可进一步研究的内容:在仿真规模较大的交直流混联电网时,可用开关函数对LCC-HVDC进行建模,但模型准确度需要提升;多条LCC-HVDC输电线路的仿真可使用换流器级别模型与换流阀级别模型进行组合仿真;不同精细程度模型之间的数据接口要进行优化设计。
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1904302)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilisation of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(2021-K81)the Technology of Coal-to-liquids Research Institute of National Energy Group([2020]010)。
文摘The characteristics of the energy structure of rich coal,less oil and less gas,coupling with a high external dependence on oil and natural gas and the emphasis on the efficient and clean utilisation of coal,have brought opportunities for coal chemical industry.However,with the large-scale popularisation of coal gasification technology,the production and resulting storage of coal gasification slag continue to increase,which not only result in serious environmental pollution and a waste of terrestrial resources,but also seriously affect the sustainable development of coal chemical enterprises.Hence,the treatment of coal gasification slag is extremely important.In this paper,the production,composition,morphology,particle size structure and water holding characteristics of coal gasification slag are introduced,and the methods of carbon ash separation of gasification slag,both domestically and abroad,are summarised.In addition,the paper also summarises the research progress on gasification slag in building materials,ecological restoration,residual carbon utilisation and other high-value utilisation,and ultimately puts forward the idea of the comprehensive utilisation of gasification slag.For large-scale consumption to solve the environmental problems of enterprises and achieve high-value utilisation to increase the economic benefits of enterprises,it is urgent to zealously design a reasonable and comprehensive utilisation technologies with simple operational processes,strong adaptability and economic benefits.
文摘TRIM22, a tripartite-motif （TRIM） protein, is upregulated upon interferon alpha （IFNa） administration to hepatitis C virus （HCV）-infected patients. However, the physiological role of TRIM22 upregulation remains unclear. Here, we describe a potential antiviral function of TRI M22＇s targeting of the HCV NSSA protein. NS5A is important for HCV replication and for resistance to I FNa therapy. During the first 24 h following the initiation of I FNa treatment, upregulation of TRIM22 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） of HCV patients correlated with a decrease in viral titer. This phenomenon was confirmed in the hepatocyte-derived cell line Huh-7, which is highly permissive for HCV infection. TRIM22 over-expression inhibited HCV replication, and Small interfering RNA （siRNA）-mediated knockdown of TRIM22 diminished IFNα-induced anti-HCV function. Furthermore, we determined that TRIM22 ubiquitinates NS5A in a concentration-dependent manner. In summary, our results suggest that TRIM22 upregulation is associated with HCV decline during IFNα treatment and Dlavs an important role in controlling HCV replication in vitro.
