Mechanical loading is required for bone homeostasis,but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Our previous studies revealed that the mechanical protein polycystin-1(PC1,encoded by Pkd1)is critical for bone formati...Mechanical loading is required for bone homeostasis,but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Our previous studies revealed that the mechanical protein polycystin-1(PC1,encoded by Pkd1)is critical for bone formation.However,the role of PC1 in bone resorption is unknown.Here,we found that PC1directly regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.The conditional deletion of Pkd1 in the osteoclast lineage resulted in a reduced number of osteoclasts,decreased bone resorption,and increased bone mass.A cohort study of 32,500 patients further revealed that autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease,which is mainly caused by loss-of-function mutation of the PKD1 gene,is associated with a lower risk of hip fracture than those with other chronic kidney diseases.Moreover,mice with osteoclastspecific knockout of Pkd1 showed complete resistance to unloading-induced bone loss.A mechanistic study revealed that PC1 facilitated TAZ nuclear translocation via the C-terminal tail-TAZ complex and that conditional deletion of Taz in the osteoclast lineage resulted in reduced osteoclastogenesis and increased bone mass.Pharmacological regulation of the PC1-TAZ axis alleviated unloading-and estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss.Thus,the PC1-TAZ axis may be a potential therapeutic target for osteoclast-related osteoporosis.展开更多
Quantum light sources are the core resources for photonics-based quantum information processing.We investigate the spectral engineering of photon triplets generated by third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversio...Quantum light sources are the core resources for photonics-based quantum information processing.We investigate the spectral engineering of photon triplets generated by third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion in micro/nanofiber.The phase mismatching at one-third pump frequency gives rise to non-degenerate photon triplets,the joint spectral intensity of which has an elliptical locus with a fixed eccentricity of√6/3.Therefore,we propose a frequency-division scheme to separate non-degenerate photon triplets into three channels with high heralding efficiency for the first time.Choosing an appropriate pump wavelength can compensate for the fabrication errors of micro/nanofiber and also generate narrowband,non-degenerate photon triplet sources with a high signal-to-noise ratio.Furthermore,the long-period micro/nanofiber grating introduces a new controllable degree of freedom to tailor phase matching,resulting from the periodic oscillation of dispersion.In this scheme,the wavelength of photon triplets can be flexibly tuned using quasi-phase matching.We study the generation of photon triplets from this novel perspective of spectrum engineering,and we believe that this work will accelerate the practical implementation of photon triplets in quantum information processing.展开更多
Contrary to the other multi-carrier modulation systems, the coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication system with an offset quadrature amplitude modulation (CO-OFDM-OQAM) possesses inhe...Contrary to the other multi-carrier modulation systems, the coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication system with an offset quadrature amplitude modulation (CO-OFDM-OQAM) possesses inherent imaginary interference (IMI). This has an important impact on the channel estimation process. Currently, a variety of frequency-domain channel estimation methods have been proposed. However, there are various problems that still exist. For instance, in order to reduce the influence of IMI, it is necessary to insert more guard intervals between the training sequence and the payload, leading to the occupation of excessive spectrum resources. In order to address this problem, this work designs a high spectral efficient frequency-domain channel estimation method for the polarization-division-multiplexing CO-OFDM-OQAM systems. First, the working principle of the proposed method is described in detail. Then, its spectral efficiency, power peak-to-average ratio, and channel estimation performance are studied based on simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the spectral efficiency without worsening the power peak-to-average ratio. The channel estimation capability of this method is verified in three scenarios of long-distance transmissions, including back-to-back, 100 km, and 200 km transmissions. .展开更多
背景与目的:编码原钙黏蛋白10(protocadherin-10,PCDH10)的PCDH10基因启动子甲基化与胃癌患者不良预后相关。但PCDH10表达水平与胃癌预后的关系不明确。该研究旨在分析PCDH10表达水平与胃癌预后及临床病理因素间的关系,寻找预测胃癌患...背景与目的:编码原钙黏蛋白10(protocadherin-10,PCDH10)的PCDH10基因启动子甲基化与胃癌患者不良预后相关。但PCDH10表达水平与胃癌预后的关系不明确。该研究旨在分析PCDH10表达水平与胃癌预后及临床病理因素间的关系,寻找预测胃癌患者复发及死亡风险的指标。方法:采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)方法检测115对胃癌组织与相应癌旁组织PCDH10 m RNA的表达水平,分析PCDH10 m RNA的表达水平与预后及临床病理因素的关系。采用Logistic回归分析建立预测患者5年内复发或死亡风险的模型。结果:PCDH10 m RNA低表达组与非低表达组相比,无进展生存时间(progression-free survival,PFS)与总生存时间(overall survival,OS)显著延长(P值分别为0.046与0.033),淋巴结转移较少(P=0.001),TNM分期较早(P=0.001)。Cox单因素分析发现,Lauren分型、T分期、N分期、M分期及PCDH10 m RNA表达水平与PFS及OS显著相关。包含PCDH10作为参数的Logistic回归模型对胃癌患者术后5年内复发或死亡风险的预测效率与仅包含传统临床病理学参数的Logistic回归模型的预测效率相当。结论:PCDH10低表达胃癌患者淋巴结转移较少,TNM分期较早,预后较好,可以作为预测胃癌患者预后的辅助指标。基于PCDH10表达水平的Logistic回归模型可以在淋巴结转移情况不明时起到辅助判断患者预后的作用。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0111900,2022YFC3601900 and 2022YFC2505500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82261160397,82272560,81922017,92149306 and 82120108009)+5 种基金the NSFC/RGC Joint Research Schemethe Research Grants Council(UGC)of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(N_CUHK483/22)the Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine by Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC)of Hong Kong SAR,China(CNRM at Inno HK),the National Institutes of Health(R61-AR073518 and R01-AR071930)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2022SK2023)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1027,2022RC1009 and 2022RC3075)the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(2023JJ30896)。
文摘Mechanical loading is required for bone homeostasis,but the underlying mechanism is still unclear.Our previous studies revealed that the mechanical protein polycystin-1(PC1,encoded by Pkd1)is critical for bone formation.However,the role of PC1 in bone resorption is unknown.Here,we found that PC1directly regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.The conditional deletion of Pkd1 in the osteoclast lineage resulted in a reduced number of osteoclasts,decreased bone resorption,and increased bone mass.A cohort study of 32,500 patients further revealed that autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease,which is mainly caused by loss-of-function mutation of the PKD1 gene,is associated with a lower risk of hip fracture than those with other chronic kidney diseases.Moreover,mice with osteoclastspecific knockout of Pkd1 showed complete resistance to unloading-induced bone loss.A mechanistic study revealed that PC1 facilitated TAZ nuclear translocation via the C-terminal tail-TAZ complex and that conditional deletion of Taz in the osteoclast lineage resulted in reduced osteoclastogenesis and increased bone mass.Pharmacological regulation of the PC1-TAZ axis alleviated unloading-and estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss.Thus,the PC1-TAZ axis may be a potential therapeutic target for osteoclast-related osteoporosis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61605249)the Science and Technology Key Project of Henan Province of China(Grant Nos.182102210577 and 232102211086).
文摘Quantum light sources are the core resources for photonics-based quantum information processing.We investigate the spectral engineering of photon triplets generated by third-order spontaneous parametric down-conversion in micro/nanofiber.The phase mismatching at one-third pump frequency gives rise to non-degenerate photon triplets,the joint spectral intensity of which has an elliptical locus with a fixed eccentricity of√6/3.Therefore,we propose a frequency-division scheme to separate non-degenerate photon triplets into three channels with high heralding efficiency for the first time.Choosing an appropriate pump wavelength can compensate for the fabrication errors of micro/nanofiber and also generate narrowband,non-degenerate photon triplet sources with a high signal-to-noise ratio.Furthermore,the long-period micro/nanofiber grating introduces a new controllable degree of freedom to tailor phase matching,resulting from the periodic oscillation of dispersion.In this scheme,the wavelength of photon triplets can be flexibly tuned using quasi-phase matching.We study the generation of photon triplets from this novel perspective of spectrum engineering,and we believe that this work will accelerate the practical implementation of photon triplets in quantum information processing.
文摘Contrary to the other multi-carrier modulation systems, the coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication system with an offset quadrature amplitude modulation (CO-OFDM-OQAM) possesses inherent imaginary interference (IMI). This has an important impact on the channel estimation process. Currently, a variety of frequency-domain channel estimation methods have been proposed. However, there are various problems that still exist. For instance, in order to reduce the influence of IMI, it is necessary to insert more guard intervals between the training sequence and the payload, leading to the occupation of excessive spectrum resources. In order to address this problem, this work designs a high spectral efficient frequency-domain channel estimation method for the polarization-division-multiplexing CO-OFDM-OQAM systems. First, the working principle of the proposed method is described in detail. Then, its spectral efficiency, power peak-to-average ratio, and channel estimation performance are studied based on simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the spectral efficiency without worsening the power peak-to-average ratio. The channel estimation capability of this method is verified in three scenarios of long-distance transmissions, including back-to-back, 100 km, and 200 km transmissions. .
文摘背景与目的:编码原钙黏蛋白10(protocadherin-10,PCDH10)的PCDH10基因启动子甲基化与胃癌患者不良预后相关。但PCDH10表达水平与胃癌预后的关系不明确。该研究旨在分析PCDH10表达水平与胃癌预后及临床病理因素间的关系,寻找预测胃癌患者复发及死亡风险的指标。方法:采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RTFQ-PCR)方法检测115对胃癌组织与相应癌旁组织PCDH10 m RNA的表达水平,分析PCDH10 m RNA的表达水平与预后及临床病理因素的关系。采用Logistic回归分析建立预测患者5年内复发或死亡风险的模型。结果:PCDH10 m RNA低表达组与非低表达组相比,无进展生存时间(progression-free survival,PFS)与总生存时间(overall survival,OS)显著延长(P值分别为0.046与0.033),淋巴结转移较少(P=0.001),TNM分期较早(P=0.001)。Cox单因素分析发现,Lauren分型、T分期、N分期、M分期及PCDH10 m RNA表达水平与PFS及OS显著相关。包含PCDH10作为参数的Logistic回归模型对胃癌患者术后5年内复发或死亡风险的预测效率与仅包含传统临床病理学参数的Logistic回归模型的预测效率相当。结论:PCDH10低表达胃癌患者淋巴结转移较少,TNM分期较早,预后较好,可以作为预测胃癌患者预后的辅助指标。基于PCDH10表达水平的Logistic回归模型可以在淋巴结转移情况不明时起到辅助判断患者预后的作用。
