目的分析1990~2017年中国膀胱癌疾病负担的变化趋势。方法利用2017年全球疾病负担研究结果,采用膀胱癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(Disability-adjusted life year,DALY)、过早死亡损失寿命年(Years of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿...目的分析1990~2017年中国膀胱癌疾病负担的变化趋势。方法利用2017年全球疾病负担研究结果,采用膀胱癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(Disability-adjusted life year,DALY)、过早死亡损失寿命年(Years of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(Years lived with disability,YLD)及其标化率对1990年和2017年间中国人群膀胱癌疾病负担情况进行描述。结果2017年中国膀胱癌发病例数为7.30万,标化发病率为3.89/10万,死亡例数为3.06万,标化死亡率为1.75/10万。与1990年相比,发病例数增加了164.49%,标化发病率增加了15.09%,死亡例数增加了92.45%,标化死亡率降低了23.58%。男性的发病率和死亡率要高于女性,并且随年龄的增加呈现上升趋势。相比1990年,2017年我国膀胱癌的DALY标化率降低了26.35%,YLL标化率降低了28.59%,YLD标化率增加了28.83%。1990~2017年,我国膀胱癌DALY率整体呈下降趋势,但男性DALY率仍高于女性。结论1990~2017年我国膀胱癌的标化发病率不断上升,标化死亡率呈下降趋势,男性和老年人群是膀胱癌疾病负担的高危人群。展开更多
We report the physical properties of ThRu_(3)Si_(2)featured with distorted Ru kagome lattice.The combined experiments of resistivity,magnetization and specific heat reveal bulk superconductivity with T_(c)=3.8 K.The s...We report the physical properties of ThRu_(3)Si_(2)featured with distorted Ru kagome lattice.The combined experiments of resistivity,magnetization and specific heat reveal bulk superconductivity with T_(c)=3.8 K.The specific heat jump and calculated electron–phonon coupling indicate a moderate coupled BCS superconductor.In comparison with LaRu_(3)Si_(2),the calculated electronic structure in ThRu_(3)Si_(2)shows an electron-doping effect with electron filling lifted from 100 meV below flat bands to 300 meV above it.This explains the lower superconducting transition temperature and weaker electron correlations observed in ThRu_(3)Si_(2).Our work suggests the Tc and electronic correlations in the kagome superconductor could have an intimate connection with the flat bands.展开更多
In the present work, a unique gradient cooling heat treatment process(GCHT) for a Mn-Si-Cr-B bainitic cast steel was developed, and microstructure and mechanical properties were examined by OM, SEM, EBSD and a uniaxia...In the present work, a unique gradient cooling heat treatment process(GCHT) for a Mn-Si-Cr-B bainitic cast steel was developed, and microstructure and mechanical properties were examined by OM, SEM, EBSD and a uniaxial tensile test. The results showed that the structural-gradient-material(SGM) with a gradient microstructure from granular bainite to martensite was successfully produced, and it exhibited a good ductility(~13.8%) at one end and an excellent ultimate strength(~1,720 MPa) at the other end. In between the bainite and martensite, a transition region with a superior combination of tensile strength and ductility(1,700 MPa and 11.1%) was obtained, which is different from the normal knowledge of a brittle transition region. Moreover, through changing the gradient of cooling rate, the optimized SGM with a new gradient microstructure from pearlite to martensite showed a more stable structural gradient and an improved ductility(22.8%) at one end. The microstructure variation in the sample was mainly related to the carbon diffusion rate during heat treatment, and the diffusion rate could be controlled by regulating the cooling velocity. Therefore, the SGMs with different gradient microstructures could be designed to meet the needs of different properties. As a result, this work provides a new approach for preparation of the gradient structured steel, which has potential for practical application for dual-property automobile parts.展开更多
文摘目的分析1990~2017年中国膀胱癌疾病负担的变化趋势。方法利用2017年全球疾病负担研究结果,采用膀胱癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(Disability-adjusted life year,DALY)、过早死亡损失寿命年(Years of life lost,YLL)、伤残损失寿命年(Years lived with disability,YLD)及其标化率对1990年和2017年间中国人群膀胱癌疾病负担情况进行描述。结果2017年中国膀胱癌发病例数为7.30万,标化发病率为3.89/10万,死亡例数为3.06万,标化死亡率为1.75/10万。与1990年相比,发病例数增加了164.49%,标化发病率增加了15.09%,死亡例数增加了92.45%,标化死亡率降低了23.58%。男性的发病率和死亡率要高于女性,并且随年龄的增加呈现上升趋势。相比1990年,2017年我国膀胱癌的DALY标化率降低了26.35%,YLL标化率降低了28.59%,YLD标化率增加了28.83%。1990~2017年,我国膀胱癌DALY率整体呈下降趋势,但男性DALY率仍高于女性。结论1990~2017年我国膀胱癌的标化发病率不断上升,标化死亡率呈下降趋势,男性和老年人群是膀胱癌疾病负担的高危人群。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12050003,12004337,and 12274369)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ21A040011)。
文摘We report the physical properties of ThRu_(3)Si_(2)featured with distorted Ru kagome lattice.The combined experiments of resistivity,magnetization and specific heat reveal bulk superconductivity with T_(c)=3.8 K.The specific heat jump and calculated electron–phonon coupling indicate a moderate coupled BCS superconductor.In comparison with LaRu_(3)Si_(2),the calculated electronic structure in ThRu_(3)Si_(2)shows an electron-doping effect with electron filling lifted from 100 meV below flat bands to 300 meV above it.This explains the lower superconducting transition temperature and weaker electron correlations observed in ThRu_(3)Si_(2).Our work suggests the Tc and electronic correlations in the kagome superconductor could have an intimate connection with the flat bands.
基金financially supported by the National key research and development program(No.2017YFA0403700)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51701080)
文摘In the present work, a unique gradient cooling heat treatment process(GCHT) for a Mn-Si-Cr-B bainitic cast steel was developed, and microstructure and mechanical properties were examined by OM, SEM, EBSD and a uniaxial tensile test. The results showed that the structural-gradient-material(SGM) with a gradient microstructure from granular bainite to martensite was successfully produced, and it exhibited a good ductility(~13.8%) at one end and an excellent ultimate strength(~1,720 MPa) at the other end. In between the bainite and martensite, a transition region with a superior combination of tensile strength and ductility(1,700 MPa and 11.1%) was obtained, which is different from the normal knowledge of a brittle transition region. Moreover, through changing the gradient of cooling rate, the optimized SGM with a new gradient microstructure from pearlite to martensite showed a more stable structural gradient and an improved ductility(22.8%) at one end. The microstructure variation in the sample was mainly related to the carbon diffusion rate during heat treatment, and the diffusion rate could be controlled by regulating the cooling velocity. Therefore, the SGMs with different gradient microstructures could be designed to meet the needs of different properties. As a result, this work provides a new approach for preparation of the gradient structured steel, which has potential for practical application for dual-property automobile parts.
