In plants,microRNA (miRNA) functions in the post-transcriptional repression of target mRNAs have been well explored.However,the mechanisms regulating the accumulation of miRNAs remain poorly under.stood.Here,we report...In plants,microRNA (miRNA) functions in the post-transcriptional repression of target mRNAs have been well explored.However,the mechanisms regulating the accumulation of miRNAs remain poorly under.stood.Here,we report that distinct mechanisms regulate accumulation of a monocot-specific miRNA,rice (Oryza sativa) miR528.At the transcriptional level,miR528 accumulated to higher levels in older plants than in young seedlings and exhibited aging-modulated gradual accumulation and diurnal rhythms in leaves;at the post-transcriptional level,aging also modulated miR528 levels by enhancing pri-miR528 alter.native splicing.We found that miR528 promotes rice flowering under long-day conditions by targeting RED AND FAR-RED INSENSITIVE2 (OsRFI2).Moreover,natural variations in the MIR528 promoter region caused differences in miR528 expression among rice varieties,which are correlated with their different binding affinities with the transcription factor OsSPL9 that activates the expression of miR528.Taken together,our findings reveal rice plants have evolved sophisticated modes fine-tuning miR528 levels and provide insight into the mechanisms that regulate MIRNA expression in plants.展开更多
多年冻土区泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水甲烷关联微生物及底物的研究有助于深入理解气候变化背景下寒区湿地生态系统甲烷循环过程。选取大兴安岭连续多年冻土区柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓两种典型植被群落泥炭沼泽,设置开顶箱(Open Top Chambe...多年冻土区泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水甲烷关联微生物及底物的研究有助于深入理解气候变化背景下寒区湿地生态系统甲烷循环过程。选取大兴安岭连续多年冻土区柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓两种典型植被群落泥炭沼泽,设置开顶箱(Open Top Chamber,OTC)增温实验。于生长季(6月、7月、8月和9月)采集土壤孔隙水样品,对比分析OTC内外土壤孔隙水中产甲烷菌数量、甲烷氧化菌数量及溶解性有机碳(Dissolved Organic Carbon,DOC)浓度的动态变化特征,并探究土壤孔隙水甲烷关联微生物与DOC浓度的关系。结果表明:增温提高了生长季大兴安岭多年冻土区土壤孔隙水中产甲烷菌数量和DOC浓度,而对甲烷氧化菌数量的影响因月份而异。生长季柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水中产甲烷菌数量的平均增加幅度分别为54.52%和44.97%,DOC浓度的平均增加幅度分别为34.16%和28.33%。增温使得生长季柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水中甲烷氧化菌平均数量分别降低了46.20%和31.42%。一元线性回归分析结果表明,土壤孔隙水中DOC浓度可分别解释柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水中产甲烷菌数量变化的29.00%和24.10%(P<0.01),而对两种植被群落下土壤孔隙水中甲烷氧化菌数量的影响并不显著(P>0.05)。展开更多
目的:探讨分析对椎动脉型颈椎病(Cervical Spondylosis of vertebral Arterytype,CSA)患者采用中医针灸联合推拿手法结合治疗的临床效果。方法:选择莒县中医医院于2019年3月-2020年3月收治的54例椎动脉型颈椎病患者进行分析,通过随机分...目的:探讨分析对椎动脉型颈椎病(Cervical Spondylosis of vertebral Arterytype,CSA)患者采用中医针灸联合推拿手法结合治疗的临床效果。方法:选择莒县中医医院于2019年3月-2020年3月收治的54例椎动脉型颈椎病患者进行分析,通过随机分组法将所有患者平均分为联合治疗组及单一针灸组两组,每组各有27例患者。其中单一针灸组患者接受中医针灸单一治疗方法,联合治疗组患者在接受中医针灸治疗的基础上结合中医推拿手法进行治疗。比较分析两组经治疗后的总有效率、症状好转时间、症状评分及不良反应情况等。结果:经治疗后,联合治疗组患者的总有效率为96.3%(26/27),显著优于单一针灸组的70.4%(19/27),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,χ^(2)=12.1111);联合治疗组患者的症状好转时间为(6.85±2.48)d显著低于单一针灸组(10.23±2.15)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,t=5.35);联合治疗组患者的不良反应发生率为3.7%(1/27),显著低于单一针灸组的29.6%(8/27),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,χ^(2)=6.5333);治疗前,两组患者头痛、肩颈痛、眩晕、恶心呕吐等症状评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,联合治疗组患者的各项症状评分均显著低于单一针灸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相对于临床上常用的中医针灸单一治疗方法,对椎动脉型颈椎病患者采用中医针灸联合推拿手法结合治疗具有更为理想的治疗效果,能够有效加速患者症状好转情况,显著提高患者的各项症状评分,减少出现不良反应的几率,安全有效,值得在临床上广泛推广并应用。展开更多
Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkali...Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkaline conditions and,when used as a green manure,substantially improves alkaline soil.To understand genome evolution and the mechanisms of stress tolerance in this allotetraploid legume,we generated the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of S.cannabina spanning~2,087 Mb.The assembly included all centromeric regions,which contain centromeric satellite repeats,and complete chromosome ends with telomeric characteristics.Further genome analysis distinguished A and B subgenomes,which diverged approximately 7.9 million years ago.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the chromosome homoeologs underwent large-scale inversion events(>10 Mb)and a significant,transposon-driven size expansion of the chromosome 5A homoeolog.We further identified four specific alkali-induced phosphate transporter genes in S.cannabina;these may function in alkali tolerance by relieving the deficiency in available phosphorus in alkaline soil.Our work highlights the significance of S.cannabina as a green tool to improve marginal lands and sheds light on subgenome evolution and adaptation to alkaline soils.展开更多
Dear Editor,DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that is associated with the silencing of genes and transposable elements(TEs)(Law and Jacobsen,2010).Changes in DNA methylation can be transgenerationally in...Dear Editor,DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that is associated with the silencing of genes and transposable elements(TEs)(Law and Jacobsen,2010).Changes in DNA methylation can be transgenerationally inherited to generate stable epialleles in plants.Epialleles broaden genetic and phenotypic diversity。展开更多
The inducible CRISPR activation(CRISPR-a)system offers unparalleled precision and versatility for regu-lating endogenous genes,making it highly sought after in plant research.In this study,we developed a chem-ically i...The inducible CRISPR activation(CRISPR-a)system offers unparalleled precision and versatility for regu-lating endogenous genes,making it highly sought after in plant research.In this study,we developed a chem-ically inducible CRISPR-a tool for plants called ER-Tag by combining the LexA-VP16-ER inducible system with the SunTag CRISPR-a system.We systematically compared different induction strategies and achieved high efficiency in target gene activation.We demonstrated that guide RNAs can be multiplexed and pooled for large-scale screening of effective morphogenic genes and gene pairs involved in plant regeneration.Further experiments showed that induced activation of these morphogenic genes can accelerate regenera-tion and improve regeneration efficiency in both eudicot and monocot plants,including alfalfa,woodland strawberry,and sheepgrass.Our study expands the CRISPR toolset in plants and provides a powerful new strategy for studying gene function when constitutive expression is not feasible or ideal.展开更多
薄壁薄板结构是超高性能混凝土(UHPC)一个重要应用,而厚度减小会影响到钢纤维的取向和分布,并直接影响力学性能,如抗弯性能等。对5~50 mm UHPC薄板的抗弯性能进行研究,并通过三维视频显微镜和图像法研究由厚度引起的纤维分布取向变化,...薄壁薄板结构是超高性能混凝土(UHPC)一个重要应用,而厚度减小会影响到钢纤维的取向和分布,并直接影响力学性能,如抗弯性能等。对5~50 mm UHPC薄板的抗弯性能进行研究,并通过三维视频显微镜和图像法研究由厚度引起的纤维分布取向变化,发现板厚大于20 mm后所能承受的破坏荷载快速增加,但抗弯强度随板厚减小而增加,纤维取向性(沿长度方向)也逐渐增强,尤其是对厚度为5~10 mm的薄板。抗弯强度变化主要取决于钢纤维取向性和厚度因子,而后者对超薄板影响较大。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 91540203 and 31788103 to X.C.,31771872 to X.S.)The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100904)+3 种基金the Genetically Modified Breeding Major Projects (grant no.2016ZX08009001 -005 to X.S.)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSWSMC022 to X.C.)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB27030201 to X.C.)the State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics.
文摘In plants,microRNA (miRNA) functions in the post-transcriptional repression of target mRNAs have been well explored.However,the mechanisms regulating the accumulation of miRNAs remain poorly under.stood.Here,we report that distinct mechanisms regulate accumulation of a monocot-specific miRNA,rice (Oryza sativa) miR528.At the transcriptional level,miR528 accumulated to higher levels in older plants than in young seedlings and exhibited aging-modulated gradual accumulation and diurnal rhythms in leaves;at the post-transcriptional level,aging also modulated miR528 levels by enhancing pri-miR528 alter.native splicing.We found that miR528 promotes rice flowering under long-day conditions by targeting RED AND FAR-RED INSENSITIVE2 (OsRFI2).Moreover,natural variations in the MIR528 promoter region caused differences in miR528 expression among rice varieties,which are correlated with their different binding affinities with the transcription factor OsSPL9 that activates the expression of miR528.Taken together,our findings reveal rice plants have evolved sophisticated modes fine-tuning miR528 levels and provide insight into the mechanisms that regulate MIRNA expression in plants.
文摘多年冻土区泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水甲烷关联微生物及底物的研究有助于深入理解气候变化背景下寒区湿地生态系统甲烷循环过程。选取大兴安岭连续多年冻土区柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓两种典型植被群落泥炭沼泽,设置开顶箱(Open Top Chamber,OTC)增温实验。于生长季(6月、7月、8月和9月)采集土壤孔隙水样品,对比分析OTC内外土壤孔隙水中产甲烷菌数量、甲烷氧化菌数量及溶解性有机碳(Dissolved Organic Carbon,DOC)浓度的动态变化特征,并探究土壤孔隙水甲烷关联微生物与DOC浓度的关系。结果表明:增温提高了生长季大兴安岭多年冻土区土壤孔隙水中产甲烷菌数量和DOC浓度,而对甲烷氧化菌数量的影响因月份而异。生长季柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水中产甲烷菌数量的平均增加幅度分别为54.52%和44.97%,DOC浓度的平均增加幅度分别为34.16%和28.33%。增温使得生长季柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水中甲烷氧化菌平均数量分别降低了46.20%和31.42%。一元线性回归分析结果表明,土壤孔隙水中DOC浓度可分别解释柴桦-泥炭藓和狭叶杜香-泥炭藓泥炭沼泽土壤孔隙水中产甲烷菌数量变化的29.00%和24.10%(P<0.01),而对两种植被群落下土壤孔隙水中甲烷氧化菌数量的影响并不显著(P>0.05)。
文摘目的:探讨分析对椎动脉型颈椎病(Cervical Spondylosis of vertebral Arterytype,CSA)患者采用中医针灸联合推拿手法结合治疗的临床效果。方法:选择莒县中医医院于2019年3月-2020年3月收治的54例椎动脉型颈椎病患者进行分析,通过随机分组法将所有患者平均分为联合治疗组及单一针灸组两组,每组各有27例患者。其中单一针灸组患者接受中医针灸单一治疗方法,联合治疗组患者在接受中医针灸治疗的基础上结合中医推拿手法进行治疗。比较分析两组经治疗后的总有效率、症状好转时间、症状评分及不良反应情况等。结果:经治疗后,联合治疗组患者的总有效率为96.3%(26/27),显著优于单一针灸组的70.4%(19/27),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,χ^(2)=12.1111);联合治疗组患者的症状好转时间为(6.85±2.48)d显著低于单一针灸组(10.23±2.15)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,t=5.35);联合治疗组患者的不良反应发生率为3.7%(1/27),显著低于单一针灸组的29.6%(8/27),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,χ^(2)=6.5333);治疗前,两组患者头痛、肩颈痛、眩晕、恶心呕吐等症状评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后,联合治疗组患者的各项症状评分均显著低于单一针灸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相对于临床上常用的中医针灸单一治疗方法,对椎动脉型颈椎病患者采用中医针灸联合推拿手法结合治疗具有更为理想的治疗效果,能够有效加速患者症状好转情况,显著提高患者的各项症状评分,减少出现不良反应的几率,安全有效,值得在临床上广泛推广并应用。
基金This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA28030000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1500503,2022YFF1003401)+2 种基金Science&Technology Specific Projects in Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta(2022SZX14)the earmarked fund for CARS-Green Manure(CARS-22)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Y2022039).
文摘Alkaline soils pose an increasing problem for agriculture worldwide,but using stress-tolerant plants as green manure can improve marginal land.Here,we show that the legume Sesbania cannabina is very tolerant to alkaline conditions and,when used as a green manure,substantially improves alkaline soil.To understand genome evolution and the mechanisms of stress tolerance in this allotetraploid legume,we generated the first telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of S.cannabina spanning~2,087 Mb.The assembly included all centromeric regions,which contain centromeric satellite repeats,and complete chromosome ends with telomeric characteristics.Further genome analysis distinguished A and B subgenomes,which diverged approximately 7.9 million years ago.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the chromosome homoeologs underwent large-scale inversion events(>10 Mb)and a significant,transposon-driven size expansion of the chromosome 5A homoeolog.We further identified four specific alkali-induced phosphate transporter genes in S.cannabina;these may function in alkali tolerance by relieving the deficiency in available phosphorus in alkaline soil.Our work highlights the significance of S.cannabina as a green tool to improve marginal lands and sheds light on subgenome evolution and adaptation to alkaline soils.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0102003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771872, 31788103 and 31970193)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDY-SSW-SMC022)
文摘Dear Editor,DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that is associated with the silencing of genes and transposable elements(TEs)(Law and Jacobsen,2010).Changes in DNA methylation can be transgenerationally inherited to generate stable epialleles in plants.Epialleles broaden genetic and phenotypic diversity。
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1500503 to X.S.)the Key Projects in Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia (2021ZD0031 to X.C.and S.Z.)+6 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program (2022YFF1002802 to X.D.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS (Y2022039 to X.D.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS (2022096 to S.Z.)the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC32272692 to J.Z.)Project ZR2022QC054 of the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (to Y.T.)funding from the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research (to Q.L.).
文摘The inducible CRISPR activation(CRISPR-a)system offers unparalleled precision and versatility for regu-lating endogenous genes,making it highly sought after in plant research.In this study,we developed a chem-ically inducible CRISPR-a tool for plants called ER-Tag by combining the LexA-VP16-ER inducible system with the SunTag CRISPR-a system.We systematically compared different induction strategies and achieved high efficiency in target gene activation.We demonstrated that guide RNAs can be multiplexed and pooled for large-scale screening of effective morphogenic genes and gene pairs involved in plant regeneration.Further experiments showed that induced activation of these morphogenic genes can accelerate regenera-tion and improve regeneration efficiency in both eudicot and monocot plants,including alfalfa,woodland strawberry,and sheepgrass.Our study expands the CRISPR toolset in plants and provides a powerful new strategy for studying gene function when constitutive expression is not feasible or ideal.
文摘薄壁薄板结构是超高性能混凝土(UHPC)一个重要应用,而厚度减小会影响到钢纤维的取向和分布,并直接影响力学性能,如抗弯性能等。对5~50 mm UHPC薄板的抗弯性能进行研究,并通过三维视频显微镜和图像法研究由厚度引起的纤维分布取向变化,发现板厚大于20 mm后所能承受的破坏荷载快速增加,但抗弯强度随板厚减小而增加,纤维取向性(沿长度方向)也逐渐增强,尤其是对厚度为5~10 mm的薄板。抗弯强度变化主要取决于钢纤维取向性和厚度因子,而后者对超薄板影响较大。
