Female-to-male sex reversals(pseudomales)are common in lower vertebrates and have been found in natural populations,which is a concern under rapid changes in environmental conditions.Pseudomales can exhibit altered sp...Female-to-male sex reversals(pseudomales)are common in lower vertebrates and have been found in natural populations,which is a concern under rapid changes in environmental conditions.Pseudomales can exhibit altered spermatogenesis.However,the regulatory mechanisms underlying pseudomale spermatogenesis remain unclear.Here,we characterized spermatogenesis in Chinese tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis),a species with genetic and environmental sex determination,based on a highresolution single-cell RNA-seq atlas of cells derived from the testes of genotypic males and pseudomales.We identified five germ cell types and six somatic cell types and obtained a single-cell atlas of dynamic changes in gene expression during spermatogenesis in Chinese tongue sole,including alterations in pseudomales.We detected decreased levels of Ca^(2+)signaling pathway-related genes in spermatogonia,insufficient meiotic initiation in spermatocytes,and a malfunction of somatic niche cells in pseudomales.However,a cluster of CaSR genes and MAPK signaling factors were upregulated in undifferentiated spermatogonia of pseudomales.Additionally,we revealed that Z chromosome-specific genes,such as piwil2,dhx37,and ehmt1,were important for spermatogenesis.These results improve our understanding of reproduction after female-to-male sex-reversal and provide new insights into the adaptability of reproductive strategies in lower vertebrates.展开更多
The crustal stress and seismic hazard estimation along the southwest segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt after the Wenchuan Earthquake was conducted by hydraulic fracturing for in-situ stress measurements in four b...The crustal stress and seismic hazard estimation along the southwest segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt after the Wenchuan Earthquake was conducted by hydraulic fracturing for in-situ stress measurements in four boreholes at the Ridi, Wasigou, Dahegou, and Baoxing sites in 2003, 2008, and 2010. The data reveals relatively high crustal stresses in the Kangding region （Ridi, Wasigou, and Dahegou sites） before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake, while the stresses were relatively low in the short time after the earthquake. The crustal stress in the southwest of the Longmenshan thrust belt, especially in the Kangding region, may not have been totally released during the earthquake, and has since increased. Furthermore, the Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee＇s law are adopted to analyzed in-situ stress data and its implications for fault activity along the southwest segment. The magnitudes of in-situ stresses are still close to or exceed the expected lower bound for fault activity, revealing that the studied region is likely to be active in the future. From the conclusions drawn from our and other methods, the southwest segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt, especially the Baoxing region, may present a future seismic hazard.展开更多
Dear Editor,Lipoblastomatosis is a rare benign soft tissue tumor arising from the white fetal-embryonal adipose tissue（Choi et al.,2013）.Since the distinction of lipoblastomatosis from lipoblastma was reported by Ve...Dear Editor,Lipoblastomatosis is a rare benign soft tissue tumor arising from the white fetal-embryonal adipose tissue（Choi et al.,2013）.Since the distinction of lipoblastomatosis from lipoblastma was reported by Vellios et al.,there are only a few studies,and the incidence rate is approximately3.5/1,000,000.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of traditional Chinese soft shelled turtle(Trionyx sinensis)breeding industry,combined with the fact that selenium enriched functional agriculture i...Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of traditional Chinese soft shelled turtle(Trionyx sinensis)breeding industry,combined with the fact that selenium enriched functional agriculture is the future demand of mankind,this paper put forward the necessity of developing selenium enriched Chinese soft shelled turtles and promoting the sustainable development of modern agriculture:the development of selenium-enriched Chinese soft-shelled turtle is the need of the consumer market for food safety,the need to reduce the production cost of soft-shelled turtles and improve the production efficiency of soft-shelled turtles,the need to enrich the Chinese soft-shelled turtle market,and the need to promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture(fishery).展开更多
After the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake, which occurred on May 12, 2008, in Sichuan Province, China, we conducted a series of hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in three 200 m deep boreholes（ZK01, ZK02, and ZK03）...After the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake, which occurred on May 12, 2008, in Sichuan Province, China, we conducted a series of hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in three 200 m deep boreholes（ZK01, ZK02, and ZK03） drilled in Beichuan and Jiangyou regions near the northeastern segment of Longmenshan fault belt in 2009. These measurements revealed the near-surface stress field in the fault region one year after the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake. However, the lack of the stress measurements before the earthquake in the same region makes it difficult to understand variations of the in situ stress field（near-surface） by comparative analysis. In order to determine the unknown horizontal principal stresses before the earthquake in Beichuan and Jiangyou regions, the following research method was tentatively applied. Firstly, we calculate the static co-seismic stress field by linear elastic finite element numerical simulation with ANSYS, based on the co-seismic static displacement generated by the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake along the central Longmenshan fault plane in Beichuan and Jiangyou. Secondly, combining hydraulic fracturing measurements（after the earthquake） with the co-seismic stress（simulation）, the magnitudes and orientations of horizontal principal stresses before the earthquake were calculated. Finally, the variation of the in situ stress（near-surface） in Beichuan and Jinagyou, both before and after the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake, were obtained by comparative analysis. To do this the magnitude of SHmax was decreased on average by 13.01 and 6.54 MPa after the earthquake in ZK02 and ZK03, respectively and the magnitude of SHmin was decreased by 2.54 and 5.29 MPa in ZK02 and ZK03, respectively. Following the earthquake, the average direction of SHmax rotated anticlockwise by 42.5°.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0900301)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31722058,31802275,31472269)+4 种基金the AoShan Talents Cultivation Program Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(2017ASTCP-ES06)the Taishan Scholar Project Fund of Shandong of China to C.S.the National Ten-Thousands Talents Special Support Program to C.S.the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2020TD19)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-47-G03)。
文摘Female-to-male sex reversals(pseudomales)are common in lower vertebrates and have been found in natural populations,which is a concern under rapid changes in environmental conditions.Pseudomales can exhibit altered spermatogenesis.However,the regulatory mechanisms underlying pseudomale spermatogenesis remain unclear.Here,we characterized spermatogenesis in Chinese tongue sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis),a species with genetic and environmental sex determination,based on a highresolution single-cell RNA-seq atlas of cells derived from the testes of genotypic males and pseudomales.We identified five germ cell types and six somatic cell types and obtained a single-cell atlas of dynamic changes in gene expression during spermatogenesis in Chinese tongue sole,including alterations in pseudomales.We detected decreased levels of Ca^(2+)signaling pathway-related genes in spermatogonia,insufficient meiotic initiation in spermatocytes,and a malfunction of somatic niche cells in pseudomales.However,a cluster of CaSR genes and MAPK signaling factors were upregulated in undifferentiated spermatogonia of pseudomales.Additionally,we revealed that Z chromosome-specific genes,such as piwil2,dhx37,and ehmt1,were important for spermatogenesis.These results improve our understanding of reproduction after female-to-male sex-reversal and provide new insights into the adaptability of reproductive strategies in lower vertebrates.
基金supported by the Fund of the Institute of Geomechanics (No. DZLXJK201107)the National Scientific Program of China-Experimental Study on the Technique of In-Situ Stress Measurements and Monitoring (No. SinoProbe-06-03)the auspice of National Key Basic Project (973) (No. 2008CB425702)
文摘The crustal stress and seismic hazard estimation along the southwest segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt after the Wenchuan Earthquake was conducted by hydraulic fracturing for in-situ stress measurements in four boreholes at the Ridi, Wasigou, Dahegou, and Baoxing sites in 2003, 2008, and 2010. The data reveals relatively high crustal stresses in the Kangding region （Ridi, Wasigou, and Dahegou sites） before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake, while the stresses were relatively low in the short time after the earthquake. The crustal stress in the southwest of the Longmenshan thrust belt, especially in the Kangding region, may not have been totally released during the earthquake, and has since increased. Furthermore, the Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee＇s law are adopted to analyzed in-situ stress data and its implications for fault activity along the southwest segment. The magnitudes of in-situ stresses are still close to or exceed the expected lower bound for fault activity, revealing that the studied region is likely to be active in the future. From the conclusions drawn from our and other methods, the southwest segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt, especially the Baoxing region, may present a future seismic hazard.
文摘Dear Editor,Lipoblastomatosis is a rare benign soft tissue tumor arising from the white fetal-embryonal adipose tissue（Choi et al.,2013）.Since the distinction of lipoblastomatosis from lipoblastma was reported by Vellios et al.,there are only a few studies,and the incidence rate is approximately3.5/1,000,000.
基金Supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Program Project of China(GK AD19245169)Yulin City Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan Project(YSK 20204026,2019Cxpt00A4,YSK 20202001,YSK 20204038).
文摘Based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of traditional Chinese soft shelled turtle(Trionyx sinensis)breeding industry,combined with the fact that selenium enriched functional agriculture is the future demand of mankind,this paper put forward the necessity of developing selenium enriched Chinese soft shelled turtles and promoting the sustainable development of modern agriculture:the development of selenium-enriched Chinese soft-shelled turtle is the need of the consumer market for food safety,the need to reduce the production cost of soft-shelled turtles and improve the production efficiency of soft-shelled turtles,the need to enrich the Chinese soft-shelled turtle market,and the need to promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture(fishery).
基金supported by the National Scientific Program of China-Experimental Study on the Technique of In-Situ Stress Measurements and Monitoring (No. SinoProbe-06)China Special Research Grant for Non-profit Public Service (No. 201211096)
文摘After the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake, which occurred on May 12, 2008, in Sichuan Province, China, we conducted a series of hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in three 200 m deep boreholes（ZK01, ZK02, and ZK03） drilled in Beichuan and Jiangyou regions near the northeastern segment of Longmenshan fault belt in 2009. These measurements revealed the near-surface stress field in the fault region one year after the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake. However, the lack of the stress measurements before the earthquake in the same region makes it difficult to understand variations of the in situ stress field（near-surface） by comparative analysis. In order to determine the unknown horizontal principal stresses before the earthquake in Beichuan and Jiangyou regions, the following research method was tentatively applied. Firstly, we calculate the static co-seismic stress field by linear elastic finite element numerical simulation with ANSYS, based on the co-seismic static displacement generated by the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake along the central Longmenshan fault plane in Beichuan and Jiangyou. Secondly, combining hydraulic fracturing measurements（after the earthquake） with the co-seismic stress（simulation）, the magnitudes and orientations of horizontal principal stresses before the earthquake were calculated. Finally, the variation of the in situ stress（near-surface） in Beichuan and Jinagyou, both before and after the Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake, were obtained by comparative analysis. To do this the magnitude of SHmax was decreased on average by 13.01 and 6.54 MPa after the earthquake in ZK02 and ZK03, respectively and the magnitude of SHmin was decreased by 2.54 and 5.29 MPa in ZK02 and ZK03, respectively. Following the earthquake, the average direction of SHmax rotated anticlockwise by 42.5°.
