AIM: To evaluate the value and limitation of postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in preventing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: In the first group, 987 postoperative pat...AIM: To evaluate the value and limitation of postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in preventing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: In the first group, 987 postoperative patients with HCC, who did not have any evidence of recurrence in the first preventative TACE but were found to have recurrence at different times during the follow-up survey, were analyzed. In the second group, 643 postoperative patients with HCC had no TACE for compared study. To study the relationship between the recurrence time and the number of TACE treatments was analyzed. RESULTS: The 6-, 12-, and 18-mo recurrence rates in the first and second groups were 22.2% (210 cases) vs 61.6% (396 cases), 78.0% (770 cases) vs74.7% (480 cases) and 88.6% (874 cases) vs80.1% (515 cases). There were significant differences between the recurrence rates of the two groups at 6 mo (P＜0.0001).CONCLUSION: The principal role of TACE after HCC operation is to suppress, detect early and treat micrometastasis. It has a good effect of preventing recurrence of HCC in 6 mo, but such an effect is less satisfactory in a longer period. When it is uncertain whether HCC is singlecentral or multi-central and if there is cancer residue or metastasis after operation, TACE is valuable to prevent recurrence.展开更多
AIM: To work out an indMdualized lipiodol dose in transcabheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to its blood supply evaluated by CT.METHODS: One hundred patients wi...AIM: To work out an indMdualized lipiodol dose in transcabheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to its blood supply evaluated by CT.METHODS: One hundred patients with large HCC (more than 8 cm in diameter) were studied by multidetector helical CT. Patterns of blood supply of HCC were divided into sufficient blood supply, poor blood supply, mixed blood supply and arteriovenous (A-V) shunt. The dose of ultrafluid lipiodol was determined by diameter and blood supply type of HCC. Patients were divided into two groups (50 cases each): lipiodol perfusion group and iodized oil perfusion group according to tumor diameter and the blood supply type of tumor.RESULTS: The confirmation and effective rates were 82%,84% in the first group and 36%, 46% in the second group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: A relatively individualized lipiodol dose may be determined according to the blood supply pattern and the tumor diameter by CT imaging.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the vasculature of rabbit liver metastatic lesions by color Doppler imaging and power Doppler imaging (PDI) techniques.METHODS: Eight New Zealand rabbits with implanted VX2 liver tumors were used. ...AIM: To investigate the vasculature of rabbit liver metastatic lesions by color Doppler imaging and power Doppler imaging (PDI) techniques.METHODS: Eight New Zealand rabbits with implanted VX2 liver tumors were used. All ultrasound examinations were performed with a HP 5500 color Doppler ultrasound scanner. Before and after the injection of contrast agent, the changes of gray scale and the periphery and intralesional blood flow of the liver metastatic lesion were carefully observed by B mode ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI)and PDI.RESULTS: Twelve lesions were found in the eight rabbits with implanted VX2 liver tumors, whose diameter rangedfrom 1.6 to 4.8 cm. Echoes of these lesions were not characterized and has lack of specificity. After the injectionof contrast agent, the numbers of dot or strip-like flow messages increased both at the periphery and inside of these lesions under the mode of CDFI and PDI, and were more pronounced under PDI. Morphology of intralesional vessels extended, even branched and some signals were clearly found encircling the lesion. And some vessels were found penetrating into the center of the lesion.CONCLUSION: PDI after injection of self-made echo contrast agent can show a pronounced sensitivity than that of B mode ultrasound and CDFI in diagnosis of vascularity of a metastatic lesion.展开更多
New superconvergent structures are proposed and analyzed for the finite volume element(FVE)method over tensorial meshes in general dimension d(for d≥2);we call these orthogonal superconvergent structures.In this fram...New superconvergent structures are proposed and analyzed for the finite volume element(FVE)method over tensorial meshes in general dimension d(for d≥2);we call these orthogonal superconvergent structures.In this framework,one has the freedom to choose the superconvergent points of tensorial k-order FVE schemes(for k≥3).This flexibility contrasts with the superconvergent points(such as Gauss points and Lobatto points)for current FE schemes and FVE schemes,which are fixed.The orthogonality condition and the modified M-decomposition(MMD)technique that are developed over tensorial meshes help in the construction of proper superclose functions for the FVE solutions and in ensuring the new superconvergence properties of the FVE schemes.Numerical experiments are provided to validate our theoretical results.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Breast-conserving surgery has been a standard treatment for relatively small size of breast cancer. Younger breast cancer patients have more desire to conserve their breasts. This study was to investigate th...OBJECTIVE Breast-conserving surgery has been a standard treatment for relatively small size of breast cancer. Younger breast cancer patients have more desire to conserve their breasts. This study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of younger breast cancer patients who received breastconserving treatment in China. METHODS The data of 232 breast cancer patients who received breast-conserving treatment in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science from January Ist, 1999 to December 31st, 2005, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to the age, the patients were divided into 2 groups： younger group （age ≤ 35 at the time of diagnosis） and elder group （age 〉35）. The clinical features of the patients in the 2 groups were compared, and their clinical characteristics, recurrence, metastasis and survival status were summarized. RESULTS In the 232 cases, younger patients accounted for 15.9% （37/232）, the elder 84.1% （195/232）. By December 2008, the median time of follow-up was 54 months （ranging from 2 months to 118 months）. Two patients （5.41% , 2/37） in the younger group and 5 patients （2.56% 5/195） in the elder group died. The 5-year overall survival rate （OS） in the younger and elder groups was 96.08% and 97.19%, respectively （X2= 0.69, P = 0.4066）. Local recurrence （LR） or distant metastasis （DM） presented in 5 patients （5/37, 13.51%） in younger group. LR or DM presented in 10 patients （10/195, 5.13%） in elder group. The 5-year disease-free survival （DFS） rate in the younger and elder groups was 82.58% and 95.52%, respectively （X2 = 4.02, P = 0.0451）. Lymph node status and the age of 35 years old or younger were the prognosis factors affecting the DFS of patients who received breast-conserving treatment （OR = 3.467, 95%CI： 1.048-11.472, P 〈0.05; OR = 0.245, 95%CI： 0.069-0.863, P 〈 0.05）. Lymph node status was the only prognostic factor affecting the DFS of younger group patients展开更多
AIM: The aim of the present study is to use immunohisto chemical methods to investigate the clinical implications of tumor markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and evaluate their impact on prognosis. METHODS:...AIM: The aim of the present study is to use immunohisto chemical methods to investigate the clinical implications of tumor markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and evaluate their impact on prognosis. METHODS: From November 1990 to December 1996, 47 patients were treated with preoperative radiation followed by radical esophagectomy. All patients were confirmed pathologically as suffering from squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stain was done for PCNA, cyclinDl protein expression and DNA content analyzed by image cytometry. Kaplan-Meier method for single prognostic factor and log-rank test was used to test the significant difference. Cox stepwise regression model and prognosis index model were used for survival analysis with multiple prognostic factors. RESULTS: Radio-pathological change, T stage and N stage, as the traditional prognostic factors had statistical difference in 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates. While, tumor cell proliferating marked PCNA, cyclinDl and DNA content served as independent prognostic factors of esophageal carcinoma. There was definitely an identity between the single and multiple factor analyses. PI was more accurate to evaluate the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: It is possible that tumor cell proliferating marked PCNA, cyclinD1 and DNA content would become the endpoints for evaluating the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of cancer-testis (CT) anigens MAGE-1, SSX-1 ,CTp11 and HCA587 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the possibility of applying these antigens as targets for specific immunoth...AIM: To investigate the expression of cancer-testis (CT) anigens MAGE-1, SSX-1 ,CTp11 and HCA587 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the possibility of applying these antigens as targets for specific immunotherapy for HCC. METHODS: Expression levels of MAGE-1, SSX-1, CTp11 and HCA587mRNA were detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 105 HCC patients, 40 samples of cirrhosis and normal liver tissues.Genes of five samples with positive PCR results were sequenced.RESULTS: Of 105 HCC tissues, MAGE1, SSX-1 ,CTp11 and HCA587mRNA expressions were detectable in 75.2%(79/105),72.4%(76/105), 62.9%(66/105) and 56.2%(59/105) of HCC samples, respectively. About 93.3%(98/105), 72.4%(76/105),48.6%(51/105) and 37.1%(39/105) of HCC tissues positively expressed at least one, two, three, and four members of CT antigens, respectively. Conversely, only SSX-1 could be detectable in 2.9%(3/105) of the corresponding adjacent non-HCC tissues in which no metastatic lesion was found.Of the latter 3 patients, biopsy samples far from tumor were obtained in 2 patients and RT-PCR indicated no expression of SSX-1 mRNA in these two samples. In addition,none of 40 samples of cirrhotic and normal liver tissues expressed CT antigen gene mRNA. DNA sequences confirmed that the RT-PCR products were true target cDNA. No relationship was found between expression of CT antigens and clinico pathological indicators such as age,gender, tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, serum α-fetoprotein level and infection of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: CT antigens genes (MAGE-1, SSX-1, CTp11 and HCA587) are expressed with high percentage and specificity in HCC and their products are promising targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy of HCC. High frequent co-expression of multiple members of CT antigens in HCC provides possibility of polyvalent vaccinations for HCC.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate the value and limitation of postoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in preventing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: In the first group, 987 postoperative patients with HCC, who did not have any evidence of recurrence in the first preventative TACE but were found to have recurrence at different times during the follow-up survey, were analyzed. In the second group, 643 postoperative patients with HCC had no TACE for compared study. To study the relationship between the recurrence time and the number of TACE treatments was analyzed. RESULTS: The 6-, 12-, and 18-mo recurrence rates in the first and second groups were 22.2% (210 cases) vs 61.6% (396 cases), 78.0% (770 cases) vs74.7% (480 cases) and 88.6% (874 cases) vs80.1% (515 cases). There were significant differences between the recurrence rates of the two groups at 6 mo (P＜0.0001).CONCLUSION: The principal role of TACE after HCC operation is to suppress, detect early and treat micrometastasis. It has a good effect of preventing recurrence of HCC in 6 mo, but such an effect is less satisfactory in a longer period. When it is uncertain whether HCC is singlecentral or multi-central and if there is cancer residue or metastasis after operation, TACE is valuable to prevent recurrence.
文摘AIM: To work out an indMdualized lipiodol dose in transcabheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) according to its blood supply evaluated by CT.METHODS: One hundred patients with large HCC (more than 8 cm in diameter) were studied by multidetector helical CT. Patterns of blood supply of HCC were divided into sufficient blood supply, poor blood supply, mixed blood supply and arteriovenous (A-V) shunt. The dose of ultrafluid lipiodol was determined by diameter and blood supply type of HCC. Patients were divided into two groups (50 cases each): lipiodol perfusion group and iodized oil perfusion group according to tumor diameter and the blood supply type of tumor.RESULTS: The confirmation and effective rates were 82%,84% in the first group and 36%, 46% in the second group (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: A relatively individualized lipiodol dose may be determined according to the blood supply pattern and the tumor diameter by CT imaging.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China,No.30070227the Foundation of the Chongqing Committee of Science and Technology,No.7446
文摘AIM: To investigate the vasculature of rabbit liver metastatic lesions by color Doppler imaging and power Doppler imaging (PDI) techniques.METHODS: Eight New Zealand rabbits with implanted VX2 liver tumors were used. All ultrasound examinations were performed with a HP 5500 color Doppler ultrasound scanner. Before and after the injection of contrast agent, the changes of gray scale and the periphery and intralesional blood flow of the liver metastatic lesion were carefully observed by B mode ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI)and PDI.RESULTS: Twelve lesions were found in the eight rabbits with implanted VX2 liver tumors, whose diameter rangedfrom 1.6 to 4.8 cm. Echoes of these lesions were not characterized and has lack of specificity. After the injectionof contrast agent, the numbers of dot or strip-like flow messages increased both at the periphery and inside of these lesions under the mode of CDFI and PDI, and were more pronounced under PDI. Morphology of intralesional vessels extended, even branched and some signals were clearly found encircling the lesion. And some vessels were found penetrating into the center of the lesion.CONCLUSION: PDI after injection of self-made echo contrast agent can show a pronounced sensitivity than that of B mode ultrasound and CDFI in diagnosis of vascularity of a metastatic lesion.
基金This work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 11701211,11871092,12131005the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under grant 2021M690437。
文摘New superconvergent structures are proposed and analyzed for the finite volume element(FVE)method over tensorial meshes in general dimension d(for d≥2);we call these orthogonal superconvergent structures.In this framework,one has the freedom to choose the superconvergent points of tensorial k-order FVE schemes(for k≥3).This flexibility contrasts with the superconvergent points(such as Gauss points and Lobatto points)for current FE schemes and FVE schemes,which are fixed.The orthogonality condition and the modified M-decomposition(MMD)technique that are developed over tensorial meshes help in the construction of proper superclose functions for the FVE solutions and in ensuring the new superconvergence properties of the FVE schemes.Numerical experiments are provided to validate our theoretical results.
文摘OBJECTIVE Breast-conserving surgery has been a standard treatment for relatively small size of breast cancer. Younger breast cancer patients have more desire to conserve their breasts. This study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of younger breast cancer patients who received breastconserving treatment in China. METHODS The data of 232 breast cancer patients who received breast-conserving treatment in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science from January Ist, 1999 to December 31st, 2005, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. According to the age, the patients were divided into 2 groups： younger group （age ≤ 35 at the time of diagnosis） and elder group （age 〉35）. The clinical features of the patients in the 2 groups were compared, and their clinical characteristics, recurrence, metastasis and survival status were summarized. RESULTS In the 232 cases, younger patients accounted for 15.9% （37/232）, the elder 84.1% （195/232）. By December 2008, the median time of follow-up was 54 months （ranging from 2 months to 118 months）. Two patients （5.41% , 2/37） in the younger group and 5 patients （2.56% 5/195） in the elder group died. The 5-year overall survival rate （OS） in the younger and elder groups was 96.08% and 97.19%, respectively （X2= 0.69, P = 0.4066）. Local recurrence （LR） or distant metastasis （DM） presented in 5 patients （5/37, 13.51%） in younger group. LR or DM presented in 10 patients （10/195, 5.13%） in elder group. The 5-year disease-free survival （DFS） rate in the younger and elder groups was 82.58% and 95.52%, respectively （X2 = 4.02, P = 0.0451）. Lymph node status and the age of 35 years old or younger were the prognosis factors affecting the DFS of patients who received breast-conserving treatment （OR = 3.467, 95%CI： 1.048-11.472, P 〈0.05; OR = 0.245, 95%CI： 0.069-0.863, P 〈 0.05）. Lymph node status was the only prognostic factor affecting the DFS of younger group patients
基金Supported by the Distinguished Young Teacher Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, No. 2001125
文摘AIM: The aim of the present study is to use immunohisto chemical methods to investigate the clinical implications of tumor markers in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and evaluate their impact on prognosis. METHODS: From November 1990 to December 1996, 47 patients were treated with preoperative radiation followed by radical esophagectomy. All patients were confirmed pathologically as suffering from squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stain was done for PCNA, cyclinDl protein expression and DNA content analyzed by image cytometry. Kaplan-Meier method for single prognostic factor and log-rank test was used to test the significant difference. Cox stepwise regression model and prognosis index model were used for survival analysis with multiple prognostic factors. RESULTS: Radio-pathological change, T stage and N stage, as the traditional prognostic factors had statistical difference in 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates. While, tumor cell proliferating marked PCNA, cyclinDl and DNA content served as independent prognostic factors of esophageal carcinoma. There was definitely an identity between the single and multiple factor analyses. PI was more accurate to evaluate the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: It is possible that tumor cell proliferating marked PCNA, cyclinD1 and DNA content would become the endpoints for evaluating the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of cancer-testis (CT) anigens MAGE-1, SSX-1 ,CTp11 and HCA587 genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the possibility of applying these antigens as targets for specific immunotherapy for HCC. METHODS: Expression levels of MAGE-1, SSX-1, CTp11 and HCA587mRNA were detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in HCC tissues and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues from 105 HCC patients, 40 samples of cirrhosis and normal liver tissues.Genes of five samples with positive PCR results were sequenced.RESULTS: Of 105 HCC tissues, MAGE1, SSX-1 ,CTp11 and HCA587mRNA expressions were detectable in 75.2%(79/105),72.4%(76/105), 62.9%(66/105) and 56.2%(59/105) of HCC samples, respectively. About 93.3%(98/105), 72.4%(76/105),48.6%(51/105) and 37.1%(39/105) of HCC tissues positively expressed at least one, two, three, and four members of CT antigens, respectively. Conversely, only SSX-1 could be detectable in 2.9%(3/105) of the corresponding adjacent non-HCC tissues in which no metastatic lesion was found.Of the latter 3 patients, biopsy samples far from tumor were obtained in 2 patients and RT-PCR indicated no expression of SSX-1 mRNA in these two samples. In addition,none of 40 samples of cirrhotic and normal liver tissues expressed CT antigen gene mRNA. DNA sequences confirmed that the RT-PCR products were true target cDNA. No relationship was found between expression of CT antigens and clinico pathological indicators such as age,gender, tumor size, degree of tumor differentiation, serum α-fetoprotein level and infection of hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: CT antigens genes (MAGE-1, SSX-1, CTp11 and HCA587) are expressed with high percentage and specificity in HCC and their products are promising targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy of HCC. High frequent co-expression of multiple members of CT antigens in HCC provides possibility of polyvalent vaccinations for HCC.
