产电微生物是微生物燃料电池、电解池和电合成等微生物电化学技术(Microbial electrochemical technologies,METs)的研究基础。产电微生物与电极界面间的胞外电子传递(Extracellular electron transfer,EET)效率低以及生物被膜形成能力...产电微生物是微生物燃料电池、电解池和电合成等微生物电化学技术(Microbial electrochemical technologies,METs)的研究基础。产电微生物与电极界面间的胞外电子传递(Extracellular electron transfer,EET)效率低以及生物被膜形成能力弱限制了METs在有机物降解、电能生产、海水淡化、生物修复和生物传感等方面的应用。因此,强化产电微生物与电极界面间的相互作用是过去几年的主要研究热点。针对近年的研究,本文系统概述了通过改造产电微生物来增强微生物-电极间相互作用的各种策略,重点分析了这些策略的适用性和局限性,并展望了强化产电微生物-电极界面作用在微生物电化学技术利用方面的研究前景。展开更多
亲核氧化反应在可持续生产增值化学品中扮演着重要角色。电催化甘油氧化反应作为亲核氧化反应的一种重要类型,可以制得包括甲酸在内的C_(1)至C_(3)衍生产物。非贵金属氢氧化物/羟基氧化物被广泛应用于甘油氧化反应,但在中等电位下难以...亲核氧化反应在可持续生产增值化学品中扮演着重要角色。电催化甘油氧化反应作为亲核氧化反应的一种重要类型,可以制得包括甲酸在内的C_(1)至C_(3)衍生产物。非贵金属氢氧化物/羟基氧化物被广泛应用于甘油氧化反应,但在中等电位下难以达到工业级电流密度(大于300 mA·cm^(-2))。研究表明,氢氧化物/羟基氧化物催化的甘油氧化反应通过间接氧化机理进行,即通过电生成的含有亲电吸附氧的羟基氧化物氧化亲核试剂(甘油)。因此,理解甘油氧化反应中电催化剂的演变至关重要。在本文中,通过循环伏安法活化钼酸镍(NiMoO_(4)),开发了一种钼掺杂的羟基氧化镍(Mo-NiOOH)催化剂。通过多种表征方法对Mo-NiOOH进行了系统表征,结果显示,Mo-NiOOH继承了NiMoO_(4)前驱体的纳米片阵列形貌,但Mo含量降低,证明循环伏安法活化后实现了从氧化物到羟基氧化物的相重构。此外,Mo-NiOOH中Ni^(3+)/Ni^(2+)的比例高于循环伏安法活化制备的NiOOH。在活化过程中,Mo物种从NiMoO_(4)中浸出,制备得到的Mo-NiOOH保留了NiMoO_(4)前驱体的纳米片阵列形貌。与氢氧化镍(Ni(OH)_(2))经循环伏安法活化合成的NiOOH相比,Mo-NiOOH具有更高的Ni^(3+)/Ni^(2+)比例以及更高的电化学比表面积(ECSAs),且促进了Ni^(2+)氧化为Ni^(3+)。因此,Mo-NiOOH达到高电流密度(400mA·cm^(-2))的电位(1.51V vs.RHE)低于NiOOH(1.84 V vs.RHE)。此外,Mo-NiOOH表现出高于NiOOH的甲酸盐法拉第效率(84.7%vs.59.6%),表明钼掺杂加速了碳-碳键断裂。多电位阶跃实验显示,NiOOH和Mo-NiOOH催化的甘油电氧化通过类似的羟基氧化物介导的间接氧化机理进行。原位电化学阻抗谱和原位拉曼光谱证实,Mo掺杂促进了甘油氧化反应动力学以及Ni^(2+)氧化为Ni^(3+)的过程,导致Mo-NiOOH比NiOOH具有更高的活性和甲酸选择性。本研究通过可溶性阴离子浸出策略来调节羟基氧化物表面结构,为设计高�展开更多
Aiming at the prior medical knowledge that hepatic ascites only occurs in the severe period of liver cirrhosis, and the severe rupture of the liver capsule curve, when ascites occurs visually, can easily lead to the w...Aiming at the prior medical knowledge that hepatic ascites only occurs in the severe period of liver cirrhosis, and the severe rupture of the liver capsule curve, when ascites occurs visually, can easily lead to the wrong location of the liver capsule, a transposed grayscale statistical threshold method is proposed to solve the problem. Realize the identification of liver ascites. By analyzing the visual characteristics of the liver image, the gray value of the upper half of the ultrasound image is counted column by column from a mathematical point of view, the gray distribution curve is drawn, and the relevant threshold is set for corresponding judgment. At the same time, the gray value above the ascites detection boundary is set to zero. The ablation experiment proved that the ascites detection method and post-processing operation proposed in this paper provide effective support for the precise positioning of the liver capsule curve, quantitative analysis and diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in the later stage. The Hessian matrix is sensitive to linear structure to achieve image enhancement. In view of the low accuracy of the existing liver envelope curve detection method and the incomplete quantitative evaluation of liver cirrhosis, it is proposed to use drift iteration under the synergistic effect of multiple filters. A search algorithm extracts the liver capsule.展开更多
The placement optimization of piezoelectric actuators and active vibration control of a membrane structure are studied in this paper. The classical linear quadratic regulator con- trollers are designed to suppress the...The placement optimization of piezoelectric actuators and active vibration control of a membrane structure are studied in this paper. The classical linear quadratic regulator con- trollers are designed to suppress the unwanted vibration. Simulation results indicate that the optimal locations of piezoelectric actuators are affected deeply by the additional mass and stiff- ness of actuators, the computational efficiency of particle swarm optimizer is higher than that of genetic algorithm for this particular problem, and the control performance of optimally placed actuators is better than that of non-optimally placed actuators.展开更多
文摘产电微生物是微生物燃料电池、电解池和电合成等微生物电化学技术(Microbial electrochemical technologies,METs)的研究基础。产电微生物与电极界面间的胞外电子传递(Extracellular electron transfer,EET)效率低以及生物被膜形成能力弱限制了METs在有机物降解、电能生产、海水淡化、生物修复和生物传感等方面的应用。因此,强化产电微生物与电极界面间的相互作用是过去几年的主要研究热点。针对近年的研究,本文系统概述了通过改造产电微生物来增强微生物-电极间相互作用的各种策略,重点分析了这些策略的适用性和局限性,并展望了强化产电微生物-电极界面作用在微生物电化学技术利用方面的研究前景。
文摘亲核氧化反应在可持续生产增值化学品中扮演着重要角色。电催化甘油氧化反应作为亲核氧化反应的一种重要类型,可以制得包括甲酸在内的C_(1)至C_(3)衍生产物。非贵金属氢氧化物/羟基氧化物被广泛应用于甘油氧化反应,但在中等电位下难以达到工业级电流密度(大于300 mA·cm^(-2))。研究表明,氢氧化物/羟基氧化物催化的甘油氧化反应通过间接氧化机理进行,即通过电生成的含有亲电吸附氧的羟基氧化物氧化亲核试剂(甘油)。因此,理解甘油氧化反应中电催化剂的演变至关重要。在本文中,通过循环伏安法活化钼酸镍(NiMoO_(4)),开发了一种钼掺杂的羟基氧化镍(Mo-NiOOH)催化剂。通过多种表征方法对Mo-NiOOH进行了系统表征,结果显示,Mo-NiOOH继承了NiMoO_(4)前驱体的纳米片阵列形貌,但Mo含量降低,证明循环伏安法活化后实现了从氧化物到羟基氧化物的相重构。此外,Mo-NiOOH中Ni^(3+)/Ni^(2+)的比例高于循环伏安法活化制备的NiOOH。在活化过程中,Mo物种从NiMoO_(4)中浸出,制备得到的Mo-NiOOH保留了NiMoO_(4)前驱体的纳米片阵列形貌。与氢氧化镍(Ni(OH)_(2))经循环伏安法活化合成的NiOOH相比,Mo-NiOOH具有更高的Ni^(3+)/Ni^(2+)比例以及更高的电化学比表面积(ECSAs),且促进了Ni^(2+)氧化为Ni^(3+)。因此,Mo-NiOOH达到高电流密度(400mA·cm^(-2))的电位(1.51V vs.RHE)低于NiOOH(1.84 V vs.RHE)。此外,Mo-NiOOH表现出高于NiOOH的甲酸盐法拉第效率(84.7%vs.59.6%),表明钼掺杂加速了碳-碳键断裂。多电位阶跃实验显示,NiOOH和Mo-NiOOH催化的甘油电氧化通过类似的羟基氧化物介导的间接氧化机理进行。原位电化学阻抗谱和原位拉曼光谱证实,Mo掺杂促进了甘油氧化反应动力学以及Ni^(2+)氧化为Ni^(3+)的过程,导致Mo-NiOOH比NiOOH具有更高的活性和甲酸选择性。本研究通过可溶性阴离子浸出策略来调节羟基氧化物表面结构,为设计高�
文摘Aiming at the prior medical knowledge that hepatic ascites only occurs in the severe period of liver cirrhosis, and the severe rupture of the liver capsule curve, when ascites occurs visually, can easily lead to the wrong location of the liver capsule, a transposed grayscale statistical threshold method is proposed to solve the problem. Realize the identification of liver ascites. By analyzing the visual characteristics of the liver image, the gray value of the upper half of the ultrasound image is counted column by column from a mathematical point of view, the gray distribution curve is drawn, and the relevant threshold is set for corresponding judgment. At the same time, the gray value above the ascites detection boundary is set to zero. The ablation experiment proved that the ascites detection method and post-processing operation proposed in this paper provide effective support for the precise positioning of the liver capsule curve, quantitative analysis and diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in the later stage. The Hessian matrix is sensitive to linear structure to achieve image enhancement. In view of the low accuracy of the existing liver envelope curve detection method and the incomplete quantitative evaluation of liver cirrhosis, it is proposed to use drift iteration under the synergistic effect of multiple filters. A search algorithm extracts the liver capsule.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11772187)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.16ZR1436200)
文摘The placement optimization of piezoelectric actuators and active vibration control of a membrane structure are studied in this paper. The classical linear quadratic regulator con- trollers are designed to suppress the unwanted vibration. Simulation results indicate that the optimal locations of piezoelectric actuators are affected deeply by the additional mass and stiff- ness of actuators, the computational efficiency of particle swarm optimizer is higher than that of genetic algorithm for this particular problem, and the control performance of optimally placed actuators is better than that of non-optimally placed actuators.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172214 and 12102252)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M692070)the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Fund of Shanghai Institute of Aerospace System Engineering(Grant No.USCAST2021-12).
