As some studies have reported that strategies targeting the gut microbiota such as fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) with or without other microecological therapy might have efficacy in treating slow transit const...As some studies have reported that strategies targeting the gut microbiota such as fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) with or without other microecological therapy might have efficacy in treating slow transit constipation(STC), we conducted a singlecenter, open-label trial to study the long-term effect of FMT combined with soluble dietary fiber(pectin) on STC. Thirty-one adult patients with STC were enrolled into the trial. Patients received 6-day FMT procedures repeatedly for the first 3 months and soluble dietary fiber(pectin) daily during the follow-up. The rate of clinical remission and improvement, stool consistency, the Wexner constipation scale, and assessment of constipation-related symptoms were evaluated at week 4 and 1 year later. The clinical remission and improvement rates at week 4 were 69.0%(20/29) and 75.9%(22/29), respectively. At the end of the study,48.3%(14/29) of patients continued to have at least three complete spontaneous bowel movements per week and 58.6%(17/29)of patients showed clinical improvements. Stool consistency, the Wexner constipation scale, and constipation symptoms improved both at short-term and long-term follow-up. The results indicated that FMT in combination with soluble dietary fiber(pectin) had both short-term and long-term efficacy in treating STC.展开更多
In recent years,immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has led to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment.However,the fact that many tumors respond poorly or even not to ICIs,partly cau...In recent years,immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has led to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment.However,the fact that many tumors respond poorly or even not to ICIs,partly caused by the absence of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),significantly limits the application of ICIs.Converting these immune“cold”tumors into“hot”tumors that may respond to ICIs is an unsolved question in cancer immunotherapy.Since it is a general characteristic of cancers to resist apoptosis,induction of non-apoptotic regulated cell death(RCD)is emerging as a new cancer treatment strategy.Recently,several studies have revealed the interaction between non-apoptotic RCD and antitumor immunity.Specifically,autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis exhibit synergistic antitumor immune responses while possibly exerting inhibitory effects on antitumor immune responses.Thus,targeted therapies(inducers or inhibitors)against autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis in combination with immunotherapy may exert potent antitumor activity,even in tumors resistant to ICIs.This review summarizes the multilevel relationship between antitumor immunity and non-apoptotic RCD,including autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis,and the potential targeting application of non-apoptotic RCD to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in malignancy.展开更多
By Mobile Edge Computing(MEC), computation-intensive tasks are offloaded from mobile devices to cloud servers, and thus the energy consumption of mobile devices can be notably reduced. In this paper, we study task off...By Mobile Edge Computing(MEC), computation-intensive tasks are offloaded from mobile devices to cloud servers, and thus the energy consumption of mobile devices can be notably reduced. In this paper, we study task offloading in multi-user MEC systems with heterogeneous clouds, including edge clouds and remote clouds. Tasks are forwarded from mobile devices to edge clouds via wireless channels, and they can be further forwarded to remote clouds via the Internet. Our objective is to minimize the total energy consumption of multiple mobile devices, subject to bounded-delay requirements of tasks. Based on dynamic programming, we propose an algorithm that minimizes the energy consumption, by jointly allocating bandwidth and computational resources to mobile devices. The algorithm is of pseudo-polynomial complexity. To further reduce the complexity, we propose an approximation algorithm with energy discretization, and its total energy consumption is proved to be within a bounded gap from the optimum. Simulation results show that, nearly 82.7% energy of mobile devices can be saved by task offloading compared with mobile device execution.展开更多
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)is a common breathing disorder in sleep in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep,causing obstructive sleep apnea.The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide,par...Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)is a common breathing disorder in sleep in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep,causing obstructive sleep apnea.The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide,particularly in middle-aged and elderly individuals.The mechanism of upper airway collapse is incompletely understood but is associated with several factors,including obesity,craniofacial changes,altered muscle function in the upper airway,pharyngeal neuropathy,and fluid shifts to the neck.The main characteristics of OSAS are recurrent pauses in respiration,which lead to intermittent hypoxia(IH)and hypercapnia,accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation and arousal during sleep,which sharply increases the risk of several diseases.This paper first briefly describes the epidemiology,incidence,and pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS.Next,the alterations in relevant signaling pathways induced by IH are systematically reviewed and discussed.For example,IH can induce gut microbiota(GM)dysbiosis,impair the intestinal barrier,and alter intestinal metabolites.These mechanisms ultimately lead to secondary oxidative stress,systemic inflammation,and sympathetic activation.We then summarize the effects of IH on disease pathogenesis,including cardiocerebrovascular disorders,neurological disorders,metabolic diseases,cancer,reproductive disorders,and COVID-19.Finally,different therapeutic strategies for OSAS caused by different causes are proposed.Multidisciplinary approaches and shared decision-making are necessary for the successful treatment of OSAS in the future,but more randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation to define what treatments are best for specific OSAS patients.展开更多
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity,leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death.It is a major risk factor for chronic human dise...Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity,leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death.It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases,including cardiovascular disease,diabetes,neurological degeneration,and cancer.Therefore,the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences.In recent years,there has been unprecedented progress in aging research,particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes.In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases,we review the descriptive,conceptual,and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular,tissue,organ,organ system,and organismal levels.展开更多
Dear Editor, Histone H3 lysine 36 （H3K36） methylation is a conserved epigenetic mark in all eukaryotes （Berr et al., 2011; Wagner and Carpenter, 2012）. Reverse genetic analysis in Arabidopsis had uncovered a cruc...Dear Editor, Histone H3 lysine 36 （H3K36） methylation is a conserved epigenetic mark in all eukaryotes （Berr et al., 2011; Wagner and Carpenter, 2012）. Reverse genetic analysis in Arabidopsis had uncovered a crucial role of H3K36 di- and tri-methylation （H3K36me2 and H3K36me3） in flowering-time regulation （reviewed in Berr et al., 2011）.展开更多
Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin.There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon...Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin.There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan-Lu and Lan-Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions,while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whe展开更多
Chrysanthemum white rust disease,which is caused by the fungus Puccinia horiana Henn.,severely reduces the ornamental quality and yield chrysanthemum.WRKY transcription factors function in the disease-resistance respo...Chrysanthemum white rust disease,which is caused by the fungus Puccinia horiana Henn.,severely reduces the ornamental quality and yield chrysanthemum.WRKY transcription factors function in the disease-resistance response in a variety of plants;however,it is unclear whether members of this family improve resistance to white rust disease in chrysanthemum.In this study,using PCR,we isolated a WRKY15 homologous gene,CmWRKY15-1,from the resistant chrysanthemum cultivar C029.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)revealed that CmWRKY15-1 exhibited differential expression patterns between the immune cultivar C029 and the susceptible cultivar Jinba upon P.horiana infection.In addition,salicylic acid(SA)treatment strongly induced CmWRKY15-1 expression.Overexpression of CmWRKY15-1 in the chrysanthemum-susceptible cultivar Jinba increased tolerance to P.horiana infection.Conversely,silencing CmWRKY15-1 via RNA interference(RNAi)in C029 increased sensitivity to P.horiana infection.We also determined that P.horiana infection increased both the endogenous SA content and the expression of salicylic acid biosynthesis genes in CmWRKY15-1-overexpressing plants,whereas CmWRKY15-1 RNAi plants exhibited the opposite effects under the same conditions.Finally,the transcript levels of pathogenesis-related(PR)genes involved in the SA pathway were positively associated with CmWRKY15-1 expression levels.Our results demonstrated that CmWRKY15-1 plays an important role in the resistance of chrysanthemum to P.horiana by influencing SA signaling.展开更多
Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors （pNETs） are a type of tumors with the characteristics of easy metastasis and recurrence.Till date,the risk factors affecting the prognosis are still in the debate.In this ...Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors （pNETs） are a type of tumors with the characteristics of easy metastasis and recurrence.Till date,the risk factors affecting the prognosis are still in the debate.In this study,several risk factors will be discussed combined with our cases and experience.Methods Thirty-three patients diagnosed as pNETs were enrolled and the clinical features,blood tests,pathological features,surgical treatment,and follow-up data of these patients were collected and analyzed.Results In this study,operation time of G3 cases was longer than G1/G2 cases （P=0.017）.The elevated level of tumor markers such as AFP,CEA,Ca125,and Ca19-9 may predict easier metastasis,earlier recurrence,and poor prognosis （P=0.007）.The presence of cancer embolus and nerve invasion increases along with the TNM stage （P=0.037 and P=0.040）,and the incidence of positive surgical margin increased （P=0.007）.When the presence of nerve invasion occurs,the chance of cancer embolus and lymph node metastasis also increases （P=0.016 and P=0.026）.Conclusions pNETs were tumors with the features of easy recurrence and metastasis and many risk factors could affect its prognosis such as the elevated levels of tumor markers and the presence of nerve invasion,except some recognized risk factors.If one or more of these factors existed,postoperative treatments may be needed to improve prognosis.展开更多
Dbait is a small double-stranded DNA molecule that has been utilized as a radiosensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of glioma to radiotherapy(RT). However, there is no effective drug delivery system to effectively ov...Dbait is a small double-stranded DNA molecule that has been utilized as a radiosensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of glioma to radiotherapy(RT). However, there is no effective drug delivery system to effectively overcome the blood–brain barrier(BBB). The aim of this study was to develop a gene delivery system by using the BBB and glioma dual-targeting and microenvironment-responsive micelles(ch-Kn(s-s)R8-An) to deliver Dbait into glioma for RT. Angiopep-2 can target the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(LRP1) that is overexpressed on brain capillary endothelial cells(BCECs) and glioma cells. In particular, due to upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) in the tumor microenvironment, we utilized MMP-2-responsive peptides as the enzymatically degradable linkers to conjugate angiopep-2. The results showed that ch-Kn(s-s)R8-An micelles maintained a reasonable size(80–160 nm) with a moderate distribution and a decreased mean diameter from the cross-linking as well as exhibited low critical micelle concentration(CMC) with positive surface charge, ranging from 15 to40 mV. The ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/pEGFP showed high gene transfection efficiency in vitro, improved uptake in glioma cells and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the combination of ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait with RT significantly inhibited the growth of U251 cells in vitro. Thus, ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait may prove to be a promising gene delivery system to target glioma and enhance the efficacy of RT on U251 cells.展开更多
The complex patterns of trace elements including Ir and isotope distributions in the three K/T sections of the Nanxiong Basin prove the existence of two environmental events in the latest Cretaceous and earliest Paleo...The complex patterns of trace elements including Ir and isotope distributions in the three K/T sections of the Nanxiong Basin prove the existence of two environmental events in the latest Cretaceous and earliest Paleocene. The first geochemical environmental event occurred at about 2 Ma prior to the K/T boundary interval, where the dinosaur diversity was hardly reduced, except that a number of patho-logical eggshells appeared. The second one was larger and occurred just at and near the Creta-ceous-Paleogene (K/T) boundary. The extinction of the dinosaurs spread out within 250 ka with major extinction beginning at the boundary interval. This is even later than their extinction in Montana, North America and in India. The cause of the dinosaur extinction may be the result of a complex multiple events brought about by the coincidence of global environment change marked by multiple Ir and δ 18O anomalies, and environmental poisoning characterized by other trace elements derived from the local source. Successive short- and long-term conditions of geochemically induced environmental stress negatively affected the reproductive process and thus contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs.展开更多
The Bohai Bay Basin contains many depressions with varying degrees of hydrocarbon enrichment associated with the geological structures of different depressions. This study discussed the relationship between the geolog...The Bohai Bay Basin contains many depressions with varying degrees of hydrocarbon enrichment associated with the geological structures of different depressions. This study discussed the relationship between the geological structures and hydrocarbon enrichment of the depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin. Based on the Paleogene strata distribution and the length to width ratio of different depressions, their geological structures are divided into three types in plan-view： open（length/width 〈 2）, narrow（length/width 〉 4） and transitional types（length/width 2-4）. In cross section, the geological structures can be divided into dustpan I, dustpan II and double-faulted types. Based on tectonic evolution and sedimentary characteristics, the depressions are classified into early-formed, inherited and late-formed categories. Generally, narrow depressions are mainly located in the northeast and southwest of the Bohai Bay Basin, while open depressions are dominantly distributed in the central area of the basin; late-formed depressions are mainly around the Bohai sea area, and early-formed depressions are mostly located in the periphery of the basin. Geological structures of the depressions control the formation of the source, reservoir and cap rocks as well as hydrocarbon accumulation setting, and further influence the pay zones and oil-bearing sequence. In detail, dustpan II and doublefaulted depressions mainly have A-type sags, which often possess better hydrocarbon generation conditions than dustpan I ones; hydrocarbons in open dustpan II depressions tend to accumulate in the central uplift areas or buried hill, while those in narrow dustpan I depressions always accumulate in gentle slope belts. The oil-bearing sequence for different evolutional depressions corresponds well with the sedimentary strata of the main development stages of depressions. In early-formed depressions, hydrocarbons are mainly enriched in deeply buried reservoirs, while in late-formed depressions hydrocarbons are abundant in the rela展开更多
Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of S...Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of SCR.Here,we report the molecular cloning and characterization of RppC,which encodes an NLR-type immune receptor and is responsible for a major SCR resistance quantitative trait locus.Further-more,we identified the corresponding avirulence effector,AvrRppC,which is secreted by P.polysora and triggers RppC-mediated resistance.Allelic variation of AvrRppC directly determines the effectiveness of RppC-mediated resistance,indicating that monitoring of AvrRppC variants in the field can guide the rational deployment of RppC-containing hybrids in maize production.Currently,RppC is the most frequently deployed SCR resistance gene in China,and a better understanding of its mode of action is crit-ical for extending its durability.展开更多
Ultrathin metalorganic framework (MOF) nanosheets are attracting great interest in catalysis due to their unique and intriguing two-dime nsional (2D) features. Although many progresses have been achieved, it is still ...Ultrathin metalorganic framework (MOF) nanosheets are attracting great interest in catalysis due to their unique and intriguing two-dime nsional (2D) features. Although many progresses have been achieved, it is still highly desirable to develop novel strategies for controllable synthesis of the well-defined ultrathin MOF nanosheets. Herein we report a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted route to synthesize the ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets characteristic of 1.5 nm in thickness, in which PVP is reacted with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H2BDC-NH2) via formation of C=N bon d, followed by coord inatio n with Ni2+ io ns to form the ultrathi n MOF n anosheets. Impressively, when used in the Kno eve nagel condensation reactions of propane dinitrile with different aldehydes, ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets display the significantly enhanced catalytic activity and good stability in respect with the bulk Ni-MOF, mainly owing to the exposed active sites as well as facile mass transfer and diffusion of substrates and products.展开更多
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the potential benefits of active dry yeast(ADY)on the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,and serum parameters of weaned beef calves.Thirty ...The objective of this experiment was to investigate the potential benefits of active dry yeast(ADY)on the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,and serum parameters of weaned beef calves.Thirty Simmental crossbred male calves(body weight=86.47±4.41 kg and 70±4 d of age)were randomly divided into 2 groups:control(CON)(fed basal ration)and ADY(fed basal ration and 5 g/d ADY per calf).The dietary concentrate-to-roughage ratio was 35:65.All the calves were regularly provided rations 3 times a day at 07:00,13:00,and 19:00 and had free access to wate r.The experiment lasted for 60 d.The average daily gain of ADY group was higher(P=0.007)than that of the CON group,and the ratio of feed intake to average daily gain in the ADY group was reduced(P=0.022)as compared to the CON group.The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was higher(P=0.023)in the CON group than that in the ADY group,but an opposite trend of microbial protein was found between the 2 groups.Also,the ruminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate were higher(P<0.05)in the ADY group than those in the CON group.Calves fed ADY exhibited higher(P<0.05)crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility.Supplementation of ADY increased(P<0.05)the contents of glucose,glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,and interleukin 10 in the serum of calves,but an opposite trend was observed in malondialdehyde,interleukin 1 beta,and tumor necrosis factor alpha contents between the 2 groups.In conclusion,dietary supplementation with ADY could improve the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,antioxidant ability,and immune response of weaned beef calves.展开更多
Recent commissioning of the HIRFL-CSR has demonstrated its ability to perform direct mass measurement for short-lived nuclides. Projectile fragments produced by the 78Kr ions at 481.88 MeV/u were separated with the ne...Recent commissioning of the HIRFL-CSR has demonstrated its ability to perform direct mass measurement for short-lived nuclides. Projectile fragments produced by the 78Kr ions at 481.88 MeV/u were separated with the new radioactive beam line in Lanzhou (RIBLL2), and injected into and stored in the experimental storage ring (CSRe). By operating the CSRe as an isochronous mass spectrometry, a typical mass resolution around 2.0×10?5 has been achieved. The masses for 63Ge, 65As and 67Se were measured for the first time. The measured masses are compared with theoretical predictions and the location of the proton drip-line for As isotopes is discussed. The implication of the 65As mass in the astrophysical rapid proton capture process has also been addressed.展开更多
Demand response has the potential to bring significant benefits to the optimal sizing of distributed generation(DG) resources for microgrids planning. This paper presents an integrated resources planning model conside...Demand response has the potential to bring significant benefits to the optimal sizing of distributed generation(DG) resources for microgrids planning. This paper presents an integrated resources planning model considering the impact of interruptible loads(ILs) and shiftable loads(SLs) in microgrids, which simultaneouslydeals with supply side and demand side resources and minimizes the overall planning cost of the microgrid. The proposed model can be applied to offer a quantitative assessment how IL and SL can contribute to microgrid planning. The pure peak clipping model with IL and SL is also provided for comparisons. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of parameters in the model is performed.Numerical results confirm that the proposed model is an effective method for reducing the planning cost of microgrids. It was also found that the major contributing factors of IL and SL have great impact on the economic benefits of the proposed model in low-carbon economy environments.展开更多
Aerial surfaces of most land plants have epidermal hairs (trichomes).Both Arabidopsis thaliana trichomes and cotton fibers (seed hairs) are nonglandular hairs with unicellular structure.Here we out-line the recent pro...Aerial surfaces of most land plants have epidermal hairs (trichomes).Both Arabidopsis thaliana trichomes and cotton fibers (seed hairs) are nonglandular hairs with unicellular structure.Here we out-line the recent progress on molecular dissection of Arabidopsis trichome development,including the transcription factors regulating trichome initiation,phytohormones influencing trichome density,and the cytoskeleton formation system governing trichome morphogenesis.There is increasing evidence showing that these processes also control cotton fiber production.As several cotton fiber genes are able to rescue the Arabidopsis trichome mutants,we discuss the conservation between Arabidopsis trichome and cotton fiber development.展开更多
Atomically precise gold(Au)nanoclusters(NCs)as visible light photosensitizers supported on the substrate for photoredox catalysis have attracted considerable attentions.However,eficient control of their photocatalytic...Atomically precise gold(Au)nanoclusters(NCs)as visible light photosensitizers supported on the substrate for photoredox catalysis have attracted considerable attentions.However,eficient control of their photocatalytic activity and long-term stability is still challenging.Herein,we report a coordination-assisted self-assembly strategy in combination with electrostatic interaction to sandwich Au2:(Capt)18(abbreviated as AU25,Capt=captopril)NCs between an inner core and an outer shell made of UiO-66,denoted as UiO-66@Au25@UiO-66.Notably,the sandwich-like nanocomposite displays significantly enhanced catalytic activity along with an excellent stability when used in the selective photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide.As comparison,AU25 NCs simply located at the outer surface or insider matrix of UiO-66(short as Au2/UiO-66 and AU2s@UiO-66)show poor stability and low conversion,respectively.This structure regulated difference in the catalytic performances of three nanocomposites is assigned to the varied distribution of active sites(Au NCs)in metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).This work offers the opportunity for application of nanoclusters in catalysis,energy conversion and even biology.展开更多
Background In early adolescence,youth are highly prone to suicidal behaviours.Identifying modifiable risk factors during this critical phase is a priority to inform effective suicide prevention strategies.Aims To expl...Background In early adolescence,youth are highly prone to suicidal behaviours.Identifying modifiable risk factors during this critical phase is a priority to inform effective suicide prevention strategies.Aims To explore the risk and protective factors of suicidal behaviours(ie,suicidal ideation,plans and attempts)in early adolescence in China using a social-ecological perspective.Methods Using data from the cross-sectional project‘Healthy and Risky Behaviours Among Middle School Students in Anhui Province,China',stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 5724 middle school students who had completed self-report questionnaires in November 2020.Network analysis was employed to examine the correlates of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts at four levels,namely individual(sex,academic performance,serious physical llness/disability,history of self-harm,depression,impulsivity,sleep problems,resilience),family(family economic status,relationship with mother,relationship with father,family violence,childhood abuse,parental mental illness),school(relationship with teachers,relationship with classmates,school-bullying victimisation and perpetration)and social(social support,satisfaction with society).Results In total,37.9%,19.0%and 5.5%of the students reported suicidal ideation,plans and attempts in the past 6 months,respectively.The estimated network revealed that suicidal ideation,plans and attempts were collectively associated with a history of self-harm,sleep problems,childhood abuse,school bullying and victimisation.Centrality analysis indicated that the most influential nodes in the network were history of self-harm and childhood abuse.Notably,the network also showed unique correlates of suicidal ideation(sex,weight=0.60;impulsivity,weight=0.24;family violence,weight=0.17;relationship with teachers,weight=-0.03;school-bullying perpetration,weight=0.22),suicidal plans(social support,weight=-0.15)and suicidal attempts(relationship with mother,weight=-0.10;parental mental llness,weight=0.61).Conclusions T展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81670493)by the National Gastroenterology Research Project (2015BAI13B07)
文摘As some studies have reported that strategies targeting the gut microbiota such as fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) with or without other microecological therapy might have efficacy in treating slow transit constipation(STC), we conducted a singlecenter, open-label trial to study the long-term effect of FMT combined with soluble dietary fiber(pectin) on STC. Thirty-one adult patients with STC were enrolled into the trial. Patients received 6-day FMT procedures repeatedly for the first 3 months and soluble dietary fiber(pectin) daily during the follow-up. The rate of clinical remission and improvement, stool consistency, the Wexner constipation scale, and assessment of constipation-related symptoms were evaluated at week 4 and 1 year later. The clinical remission and improvement rates at week 4 were 69.0%(20/29) and 75.9%(22/29), respectively. At the end of the study,48.3%(14/29) of patients continued to have at least three complete spontaneous bowel movements per week and 58.6%(17/29)of patients showed clinical improvements. Stool consistency, the Wexner constipation scale, and constipation symptoms improved both at short-term and long-term follow-up. The results indicated that FMT in combination with soluble dietary fiber(pectin) had both short-term and long-term efficacy in treating STC.
文摘In recent years,immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has led to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment.However,the fact that many tumors respond poorly or even not to ICIs,partly caused by the absence of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes(TILs),significantly limits the application of ICIs.Converting these immune“cold”tumors into“hot”tumors that may respond to ICIs is an unsolved question in cancer immunotherapy.Since it is a general characteristic of cancers to resist apoptosis,induction of non-apoptotic regulated cell death(RCD)is emerging as a new cancer treatment strategy.Recently,several studies have revealed the interaction between non-apoptotic RCD and antitumor immunity.Specifically,autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis exhibit synergistic antitumor immune responses while possibly exerting inhibitory effects on antitumor immune responses.Thus,targeted therapies(inducers or inhibitors)against autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis in combination with immunotherapy may exert potent antitumor activity,even in tumors resistant to ICIs.This review summarizes the multilevel relationship between antitumor immunity and non-apoptotic RCD,including autophagy,ferroptosis,pyroptosis,and necroptosis,and the potential targeting application of non-apoptotic RCD to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in malignancy.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China 2018YFB1800804the Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 61871254,No. 61861136003,No. 91638204)Hitachi Ltd.
文摘By Mobile Edge Computing(MEC), computation-intensive tasks are offloaded from mobile devices to cloud servers, and thus the energy consumption of mobile devices can be notably reduced. In this paper, we study task offloading in multi-user MEC systems with heterogeneous clouds, including edge clouds and remote clouds. Tasks are forwarded from mobile devices to edge clouds via wireless channels, and they can be further forwarded to remote clouds via the Internet. Our objective is to minimize the total energy consumption of multiple mobile devices, subject to bounded-delay requirements of tasks. Based on dynamic programming, we propose an algorithm that minimizes the energy consumption, by jointly allocating bandwidth and computational resources to mobile devices. The algorithm is of pseudo-polynomial complexity. To further reduce the complexity, we propose an approximation algorithm with energy discretization, and its total energy consumption is proved to be within a bounded gap from the optimum. Simulation results show that, nearly 82.7% energy of mobile devices can be saved by task offloading compared with mobile device execution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82000771)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.ZR2021MH014)+1 种基金Jinan Municipal Science and Technology Project(Grant No.202134033)Shandong Provincial Youth Innovation Team Development Plan of Colleges and Universities(2022KJ193).
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)is a common breathing disorder in sleep in which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep,causing obstructive sleep apnea.The prevalence of OSAS continues to rise worldwide,particularly in middle-aged and elderly individuals.The mechanism of upper airway collapse is incompletely understood but is associated with several factors,including obesity,craniofacial changes,altered muscle function in the upper airway,pharyngeal neuropathy,and fluid shifts to the neck.The main characteristics of OSAS are recurrent pauses in respiration,which lead to intermittent hypoxia(IH)and hypercapnia,accompanied by blood oxygen desaturation and arousal during sleep,which sharply increases the risk of several diseases.This paper first briefly describes the epidemiology,incidence,and pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS.Next,the alterations in relevant signaling pathways induced by IH are systematically reviewed and discussed.For example,IH can induce gut microbiota(GM)dysbiosis,impair the intestinal barrier,and alter intestinal metabolites.These mechanisms ultimately lead to secondary oxidative stress,systemic inflammation,and sympathetic activation.We then summarize the effects of IH on disease pathogenesis,including cardiocerebrovascular disorders,neurological disorders,metabolic diseases,cancer,reproductive disorders,and COVID-19.Finally,different therapeutic strategies for OSAS caused by different causes are proposed.Multidisciplinary approaches and shared decision-making are necessary for the successful treatment of OSAS in the future,but more randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation to define what treatments are best for specific OSAS patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871380,32000500,32070730,32170756,32170804,81330008,81671377,81725010,81725010,81872874,81921006,81922027,81971312,81991512,82030041,82103167,82122024,82125009,82125011,82130044,91749126,91949101,91949207,92049302)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0506400,2018YFA0800200,2018YFA0800700,2018YFA0900200,2018YFC2000100,2018YFC2000400,2018YFE-0203700,20192ACB70002,2019YFA0802202,2020YFA0113400,2020YFA0803401,2020YFA0804000,2020YFC2002800,2020YFC-2002900,2021ZD0202401)+11 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16010100,XDA16010603,XDA16020400,XDB29020000,XDB39000000,XDB39000000,XDB39030300)the China Association for Science and Technology(2021QNRC001)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z200022)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(21JC1406400)the Key Programs of the Jiangxi ProvinceChina(20192ACB70002)the“Shu Guang”Project supported by the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and Shanghai Education Development Foundation(19SG18)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1434300)the Research Project of Joint Laboratory of University of Science and Technology of China and Anhui Mental Health Center(2019LH03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2070210004)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(YESS20210002)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022083)。
文摘Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity,leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death.It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases,including cardiovascular disease,diabetes,neurological degeneration,and cancer.Therefore,the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences.In recent years,there has been unprecedented progress in aging research,particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes.In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases,we review the descriptive,conceptual,and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular,tissue,organ,organ system,and organismal levels.
文摘Dear Editor, Histone H3 lysine 36 （H3K36） methylation is a conserved epigenetic mark in all eukaryotes （Berr et al., 2011; Wagner and Carpenter, 2012）. Reverse genetic analysis in Arabidopsis had uncovered a crucial role of H3K36 di- and tri-methylation （H3K36me2 and H3K36me3） in flowering-time regulation （reviewed in Berr et al., 2011）.
基金granted by the Important National Science&Technology Specific Projects(grants No.2011ZX05006-003 and 2016ZX05006-003)the National Natural Science Foundation(grant No.41372132)
文摘Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin.There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan-Lu and Lan-Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions,while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whe
基金y the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972447)the National Key R&D Program Projects(2018YFD1000400)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2019-ZD-0707).
文摘Chrysanthemum white rust disease,which is caused by the fungus Puccinia horiana Henn.,severely reduces the ornamental quality and yield chrysanthemum.WRKY transcription factors function in the disease-resistance response in a variety of plants;however,it is unclear whether members of this family improve resistance to white rust disease in chrysanthemum.In this study,using PCR,we isolated a WRKY15 homologous gene,CmWRKY15-1,from the resistant chrysanthemum cultivar C029.Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)revealed that CmWRKY15-1 exhibited differential expression patterns between the immune cultivar C029 and the susceptible cultivar Jinba upon P.horiana infection.In addition,salicylic acid(SA)treatment strongly induced CmWRKY15-1 expression.Overexpression of CmWRKY15-1 in the chrysanthemum-susceptible cultivar Jinba increased tolerance to P.horiana infection.Conversely,silencing CmWRKY15-1 via RNA interference(RNAi)in C029 increased sensitivity to P.horiana infection.We also determined that P.horiana infection increased both the endogenous SA content and the expression of salicylic acid biosynthesis genes in CmWRKY15-1-overexpressing plants,whereas CmWRKY15-1 RNAi plants exhibited the opposite effects under the same conditions.Finally,the transcript levels of pathogenesis-related(PR)genes involved in the SA pathway were positively associated with CmWRKY15-1 expression levels.Our results demonstrated that CmWRKY15-1 plays an important role in the resistance of chrysanthemum to P.horiana by influencing SA signaling.
文摘Background Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors （pNETs） are a type of tumors with the characteristics of easy metastasis and recurrence.Till date,the risk factors affecting the prognosis are still in the debate.In this study,several risk factors will be discussed combined with our cases and experience.Methods Thirty-three patients diagnosed as pNETs were enrolled and the clinical features,blood tests,pathological features,surgical treatment,and follow-up data of these patients were collected and analyzed.Results In this study,operation time of G3 cases was longer than G1/G2 cases （P=0.017）.The elevated level of tumor markers such as AFP,CEA,Ca125,and Ca19-9 may predict easier metastasis,earlier recurrence,and poor prognosis （P=0.007）.The presence of cancer embolus and nerve invasion increases along with the TNM stage （P=0.037 and P=0.040）,and the incidence of positive surgical margin increased （P=0.007）.When the presence of nerve invasion occurs,the chance of cancer embolus and lymph node metastasis also increases （P=0.016 and P=0.026）.Conclusions pNETs were tumors with the features of easy recurrence and metastasis and many risk factors could affect its prognosis such as the elevated levels of tumor markers and the presence of nerve invasion,except some recognized risk factors.If one or more of these factors existed,postoperative treatments may be needed to improve prognosis.
基金the financial support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81472349,81302714and 81201809,China)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.14ZR1433300,China)+3 种基金the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.0507N17014,China)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.15ZZ041,China)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ12H30005,China)the Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project(No.LGF18H160034,China)
文摘Dbait is a small double-stranded DNA molecule that has been utilized as a radiosensitizer to enhance the sensitivity of glioma to radiotherapy(RT). However, there is no effective drug delivery system to effectively overcome the blood–brain barrier(BBB). The aim of this study was to develop a gene delivery system by using the BBB and glioma dual-targeting and microenvironment-responsive micelles(ch-Kn(s-s)R8-An) to deliver Dbait into glioma for RT. Angiopep-2 can target the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1(LRP1) that is overexpressed on brain capillary endothelial cells(BCECs) and glioma cells. In particular, due to upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) in the tumor microenvironment, we utilized MMP-2-responsive peptides as the enzymatically degradable linkers to conjugate angiopep-2. The results showed that ch-Kn(s-s)R8-An micelles maintained a reasonable size(80–160 nm) with a moderate distribution and a decreased mean diameter from the cross-linking as well as exhibited low critical micelle concentration(CMC) with positive surface charge, ranging from 15 to40 mV. The ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/pEGFP showed high gene transfection efficiency in vitro, improved uptake in glioma cells and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the combination of ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait with RT significantly inhibited the growth of U251 cells in vitro. Thus, ch-K5(s-s)R8-An/Dbait may prove to be a promising gene delivery system to target glioma and enhance the efficacy of RT on U251 cells.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40472018)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 21039751)
文摘The complex patterns of trace elements including Ir and isotope distributions in the three K/T sections of the Nanxiong Basin prove the existence of two environmental events in the latest Cretaceous and earliest Paleocene. The first geochemical environmental event occurred at about 2 Ma prior to the K/T boundary interval, where the dinosaur diversity was hardly reduced, except that a number of patho-logical eggshells appeared. The second one was larger and occurred just at and near the Creta-ceous-Paleogene (K/T) boundary. The extinction of the dinosaurs spread out within 250 ka with major extinction beginning at the boundary interval. This is even later than their extinction in Montana, North America and in India. The cause of the dinosaur extinction may be the result of a complex multiple events brought about by the coincidence of global environment change marked by multiple Ir and δ 18O anomalies, and environmental poisoning characterized by other trace elements derived from the local source. Successive short- and long-term conditions of geochemically induced environmental stress negatively affected the reproductive process and thus contributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.41372132)Important National Science&Technology Specific Projects(Grant No.2011ZX05006-003)
文摘The Bohai Bay Basin contains many depressions with varying degrees of hydrocarbon enrichment associated with the geological structures of different depressions. This study discussed the relationship between the geological structures and hydrocarbon enrichment of the depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin. Based on the Paleogene strata distribution and the length to width ratio of different depressions, their geological structures are divided into three types in plan-view： open（length/width 〈 2）, narrow（length/width 〉 4） and transitional types（length/width 2-4）. In cross section, the geological structures can be divided into dustpan I, dustpan II and double-faulted types. Based on tectonic evolution and sedimentary characteristics, the depressions are classified into early-formed, inherited and late-formed categories. Generally, narrow depressions are mainly located in the northeast and southwest of the Bohai Bay Basin, while open depressions are dominantly distributed in the central area of the basin; late-formed depressions are mainly around the Bohai sea area, and early-formed depressions are mostly located in the periphery of the basin. Geological structures of the depressions control the formation of the source, reservoir and cap rocks as well as hydrocarbon accumulation setting, and further influence the pay zones and oil-bearing sequence. In detail, dustpan II and doublefaulted depressions mainly have A-type sags, which often possess better hydrocarbon generation conditions than dustpan I ones; hydrocarbons in open dustpan II depressions tend to accumulate in the central uplift areas or buried hill, while those in narrow dustpan I depressions always accumulate in gentle slope belts. The oil-bearing sequence for different evolutional depressions corresponds well with the sedimentary strata of the main development stages of depressions. In early-formed depressions, hydrocarbons are mainly enriched in deeply buried reservoirs, while in late-formed depressions hydrocarbons are abundant in the rela
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901550)+2 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0101803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501326)Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(19HASTIT010)was a funding pro-vided by Henan Province government of China.
文摘Southern corn rust(SCR),caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia polysora,is a major threat to maize pro-duction worldwide.Efficient breeding and deployment of resistant hybrids are key to achieving durable control of SCR.Here,we report the molecular cloning and characterization of RppC,which encodes an NLR-type immune receptor and is responsible for a major SCR resistance quantitative trait locus.Further-more,we identified the corresponding avirulence effector,AvrRppC,which is secreted by P.polysora and triggers RppC-mediated resistance.Allelic variation of AvrRppC directly determines the effectiveness of RppC-mediated resistance,indicating that monitoring of AvrRppC variants in the field can guide the rational deployment of RppC-containing hybrids in maize production.Currently,RppC is the most frequently deployed SCR resistance gene in China,and a better understanding of its mode of action is crit-ical for extending its durability.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2014CB931801 and 2016YFA0200700, Z. Y. T.)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21890381, 21721002 and 21475029, Z. Y. T.+4 种基金21722102, 51672053 and 21303029, G. D. L.)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2182087, G. D. L.)Frontier Science Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH038,Z. Y. T.)K. C. Wong Education Foundation (Z. Y T.)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2016036, G. D. L.).
文摘Ultrathin metalorganic framework (MOF) nanosheets are attracting great interest in catalysis due to their unique and intriguing two-dime nsional (2D) features. Although many progresses have been achieved, it is still highly desirable to develop novel strategies for controllable synthesis of the well-defined ultrathin MOF nanosheets. Herein we report a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted route to synthesize the ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets characteristic of 1.5 nm in thickness, in which PVP is reacted with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H2BDC-NH2) via formation of C=N bon d, followed by coord inatio n with Ni2+ io ns to form the ultrathi n MOF n anosheets. Impressively, when used in the Kno eve nagel condensation reactions of propane dinitrile with different aldehydes, ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets display the significantly enhanced catalytic activity and good stability in respect with the bulk Ni-MOF, mainly owing to the exposed active sites as well as facile mass transfer and diffusion of substrates and products.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFD0502005)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2018NZ0002)China Agriculture(Beef Cattle/Yak)Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-37)。
文摘The objective of this experiment was to investigate the potential benefits of active dry yeast(ADY)on the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,and serum parameters of weaned beef calves.Thirty Simmental crossbred male calves(body weight=86.47±4.41 kg and 70±4 d of age)were randomly divided into 2 groups:control(CON)(fed basal ration)and ADY(fed basal ration and 5 g/d ADY per calf).The dietary concentrate-to-roughage ratio was 35:65.All the calves were regularly provided rations 3 times a day at 07:00,13:00,and 19:00 and had free access to wate r.The experiment lasted for 60 d.The average daily gain of ADY group was higher(P=0.007)than that of the CON group,and the ratio of feed intake to average daily gain in the ADY group was reduced(P=0.022)as compared to the CON group.The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was higher(P=0.023)in the CON group than that in the ADY group,but an opposite trend of microbial protein was found between the 2 groups.Also,the ruminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate were higher(P<0.05)in the ADY group than those in the CON group.Calves fed ADY exhibited higher(P<0.05)crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibility.Supplementation of ADY increased(P<0.05)the contents of glucose,glutathione peroxidase,superoxide dismutase,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,and interleukin 10 in the serum of calves,but an opposite trend was observed in malondialdehyde,interleukin 1 beta,and tumor necrosis factor alpha contents between the 2 groups.In conclusion,dietary supplementation with ADY could improve the growth performance,rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,antioxidant ability,and immune response of weaned beef calves.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10635080, 10221003, 10675147)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2007CB815000, 2008CB817702)Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. CXTD-J2005-1, KJCX2-SW-N18)
文摘Recent commissioning of the HIRFL-CSR has demonstrated its ability to perform direct mass measurement for short-lived nuclides. Projectile fragments produced by the 78Kr ions at 481.88 MeV/u were separated with the new radioactive beam line in Lanzhou (RIBLL2), and injected into and stored in the experimental storage ring (CSRe). By operating the CSRe as an isochronous mass spectrometry, a typical mass resolution around 2.0×10?5 has been achieved. The masses for 63Ge, 65As and 67Se were measured for the first time. The measured masses are compared with theoretical predictions and the location of the proton drip-line for As isotopes is discussed. The implication of the 65As mass in the astrophysical rapid proton capture process has also been addressed.
基金supported by National Natural Youth Science Fund Project (No. 51407113)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Green Energy Grid-Connected Technology (13DZ2251900) ‘‘Electrical Engineering’’ Shanghai class II Plateau Disciplinelocal capacity building plan of Shanghai science and Technology Commission (16020500900)
文摘Demand response has the potential to bring significant benefits to the optimal sizing of distributed generation(DG) resources for microgrids planning. This paper presents an integrated resources planning model considering the impact of interruptible loads(ILs) and shiftable loads(SLs) in microgrids, which simultaneouslydeals with supply side and demand side resources and minimizes the overall planning cost of the microgrid. The proposed model can be applied to offer a quantitative assessment how IL and SL can contribute to microgrid planning. The pure peak clipping model with IL and SL is also provided for comparisons. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of parameters in the model is performed.Numerical results confirm that the proposed model is an effective method for reducing the planning cost of microgrids. It was also found that the major contributing factors of IL and SL have great impact on the economic benefits of the proposed model in low-carbon economy environments.
基金The National High-tech Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2003AA222050 and 2006AA10A109)the National Key Basic Research Pro-gram of China (Grant No. 2002CB111303)
文摘Aerial surfaces of most land plants have epidermal hairs (trichomes).Both Arabidopsis thaliana trichomes and cotton fibers (seed hairs) are nonglandular hairs with unicellular structure.Here we out-line the recent progress on molecular dissection of Arabidopsis trichome development,including the transcription factors regulating trichome initiation,phytohormones influencing trichome density,and the cytoskeleton formation system governing trichome morphogenesis.There is increasing evidence showing that these processes also control cotton fiber production.As several cotton fiber genes are able to rescue the Arabidopsis trichome mutants,we discuss the conservation between Arabidopsis trichome and cotton fiber development.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2016YFA0200700,Z.Y.T)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21890381 and 21721002,Z.Y.T)+1 种基金Frontier Science Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH038,Z.Y.T)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Z.Y.T).
文摘Atomically precise gold(Au)nanoclusters(NCs)as visible light photosensitizers supported on the substrate for photoredox catalysis have attracted considerable attentions.However,eficient control of their photocatalytic activity and long-term stability is still challenging.Herein,we report a coordination-assisted self-assembly strategy in combination with electrostatic interaction to sandwich Au2:(Capt)18(abbreviated as AU25,Capt=captopril)NCs between an inner core and an outer shell made of UiO-66,denoted as UiO-66@Au25@UiO-66.Notably,the sandwich-like nanocomposite displays significantly enhanced catalytic activity along with an excellent stability when used in the selective photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide.As comparison,AU25 NCs simply located at the outer surface or insider matrix of UiO-66(short as Au2/UiO-66 and AU2s@UiO-66)show poor stability and low conversion,respectively.This structure regulated difference in the catalytic performances of three nanocomposites is assigned to the varied distribution of active sites(Au NCs)in metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).This work offers the opportunity for application of nanoclusters in catalysis,energy conversion and even biology.
文摘Background In early adolescence,youth are highly prone to suicidal behaviours.Identifying modifiable risk factors during this critical phase is a priority to inform effective suicide prevention strategies.Aims To explore the risk and protective factors of suicidal behaviours(ie,suicidal ideation,plans and attempts)in early adolescence in China using a social-ecological perspective.Methods Using data from the cross-sectional project‘Healthy and Risky Behaviours Among Middle School Students in Anhui Province,China',stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 5724 middle school students who had completed self-report questionnaires in November 2020.Network analysis was employed to examine the correlates of suicidal ideation,plans and attempts at four levels,namely individual(sex,academic performance,serious physical llness/disability,history of self-harm,depression,impulsivity,sleep problems,resilience),family(family economic status,relationship with mother,relationship with father,family violence,childhood abuse,parental mental illness),school(relationship with teachers,relationship with classmates,school-bullying victimisation and perpetration)and social(social support,satisfaction with society).Results In total,37.9%,19.0%and 5.5%of the students reported suicidal ideation,plans and attempts in the past 6 months,respectively.The estimated network revealed that suicidal ideation,plans and attempts were collectively associated with a history of self-harm,sleep problems,childhood abuse,school bullying and victimisation.Centrality analysis indicated that the most influential nodes in the network were history of self-harm and childhood abuse.Notably,the network also showed unique correlates of suicidal ideation(sex,weight=0.60;impulsivity,weight=0.24;family violence,weight=0.17;relationship with teachers,weight=-0.03;school-bullying perpetration,weight=0.22),suicidal plans(social support,weight=-0.15)and suicidal attempts(relationship with mother,weight=-0.10;parental mental llness,weight=0.61).Conclusions T
