土壤氮素氨化、硝化及固氮作用是影响作物氮素吸收及氮肥损失的主要因素,为揭示氮肥减量下玉米-大豆套作系统的土壤氮素转化特性及排放规律,利用大田定位试验研究了3种模式(玉米单作MM、大豆单作MS、玉米-大豆套作IMS)和3种施氮水平(不...土壤氮素氨化、硝化及固氮作用是影响作物氮素吸收及氮肥损失的主要因素,为揭示氮肥减量下玉米-大豆套作系统的土壤氮素转化特性及排放规律,利用大田定位试验研究了3种模式(玉米单作MM、大豆单作MS、玉米-大豆套作IMS)和3种施氮水平(不施氮NN:0;减量施氮RN:180 kg hm^(–2);常量施氮CN:240 kg hm^(–2))对土壤硝化作用、氨化作用、固氮作用及氨挥发、N_2O排放、NO_3~–-N累积的影响。结果表明,IMS较相应单作提高了土壤硝化和氨化作用, IMS的氨挥发损失率和N_2O损失率较MM降低21.6%和29.7%;IMS下玉米土壤的NO_3~–-N积累量显著高于MM,而大豆土壤的NO_3~–-N积累量显著低于MS。各施氮处理间, RN较CN降低了玉米土壤的氨化与硝化作用,增加了大豆土壤的硝化和固氮作用。IMS下RN的玉米、大豆全生育期固氮作用较CN增加29.7%和32.0%,年均氨挥发总量和N_2O排放量较CN降低37.2%和41.0%。玉米-大豆套作系统在减量施氮下通过提高土壤氮素氨化、硝化与固氮作用,减少氮素排放损失,增强耕层土壤NO_3~–-N积累,为作物氮素吸收提供了充足氮源。展开更多
Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patien...Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.展开更多
AIM： To analyze the gene expression profiles of mice livers injured by Leigongteng and explore the relationship between the differentially expressed genes and liver damage. METHODS： The experimental mice were random...AIM： To analyze the gene expression profiles of mice livers injured by Leigongteng and explore the relationship between the differentially expressed genes and liver damage. METHODS： The experimental mice were randomly divided into a control group and a liver-injured group in which the mice were administrated 33 μγ, of triptolide/ kg per day for 30 d. Liver mRNAs were extracted from animals in both groups and were reverse-transcribed to cDNA with dUTP labeled by different fluorescence （Cy3, Cy5） as hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray chips. The fluorescent signal results were acquired by scanner and analyzed with software. RESULTS： Among the 35852 target genes, 29 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed, with 20 genes up-regulated and 9 genes down-regulated. The reliability of the differentially expressed genes was validated by RT-PCR experiments of 5 randomly selected differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION： Based on the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes, it is obvious that the occurrence and development of liver damage induced by Leigongteng in mice are highly associated with immune response, metabolism, apoptosis and the cell skeleton of liver cells. This might be important for elucidating the regulatory network of gene expression associated with liver damage and it may also be important for discovering the pathogenic mechanisms of liver damage induced by Leigongteng.展开更多
Objective To examine the relationship between occurrence of hyperlipidemia, plasma homocysteine and polymorphisms of methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase （MTHFR） gene and methionine synthase （MS） gene. Methods A t...Objective To examine the relationship between occurrence of hyperlipidemia, plasma homocysteine and polymorphisms of methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase （MTHFR） gene and methionine synthase （MS） gene. Methods A total of 192 hyperlipidemia patients were selected and divided into hypercholesterolemia group, hypertriglyceridemia group, and combined hyperlipidemia group. Another 208 normal individuals were selected as control. Total plasma homocysteine （tHcy） concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Lipid profiles were measured for all subjects The polymorphisms of MTHFR gene C677T and MS gene A2756G were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results The tHcy concentration in the combined hyperlipidemia patients was significantly higher than that in the control （15.95μmol/L vs 13.43 μmol/L, P〈0.05）. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia （HHcy） in the combined hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that in the control （42.2% vs 23.0%, P=0.015）, with the odds ratio （OR） of 3.339 （95%CI： 1.260-8.849）. The hyperlipidemia patients with HHcy had a higher concentration of total cholesterol （TC） than that in the normal tHcy patients （5.67±0.95 mmol/L vs 5.47±0.92 retool/L, P=0.034）. There was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T between the hyperlipidemic and control groups. The hyperlipidemia patients with MTHFR CT/TT genotype had a higher concentration of triglyceride （TG） than those with CC genotype （2.24±1.75 mmol/L vs 1.87±0.95 mmol/L, P〈0.05）. Individuals with CT/TT genotype had a higher concentration of tHcy than those with 677CC genotype both in the hyperlipidemia group （12.61±1.24μmol/L vs 11.20±1.37 μmol/L, P〈0.05） and in the control group （14.04±1.48 μmol/L vs 12.61±1.24 μmol/L, P〈0.05）. The percentage of MS 2756 GG/AG genotype in the combined hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that in the control （26.7% vs 13.0%, P=0.012）, with the OR of 3.展开更多
AIM： To study the appearances of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis （IEP） on non-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS： A total of 53 patients with IEP diagnosed by clinical features and laboratory findings were und...AIM： To study the appearances of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis （IEP） on non-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS： A total of 53 patients with IEP diagnosed by clinical features and laboratory findings were underwent MR imaging. MR imaging sequences included fast spoiled gradient echo （FSPGR） fat saturation axial T1-weighted imaging, gradient echo T1-weighted （in phase）, single shot fast spin echo （SSFSE） T2-weighted, respiratory triggered （R-T） T2-weighted with fat saturation, and MR cholangiopancreatography. Using the MR severity score index, pancreatitis was graded as mild （0-2 points）, moderate （3-6 points） and severe （7-10 points）. RESULTS： Among the 53 patients, IEP was graded as mild in 37 patients and as moderate in 16 patients. Forty-seven of 53 （89%） patients had at least one abnormality on MR images. Pancreas was hypointense relative to liver on FSPGR T1-weighted images in 18.9% of patients, and hyperintense in 25% and 30% on SSFSE T2-weighted and R-T T2-weighted images, respectively. The prevalences of the findings of IEP on R-T T2-weighted images were, respectively, 85% for pancreatic fascial plane, 77% for left renal fascial plane, 55% for peripancreatic fat stranding, 42% for right renal fascial plane, 45% for perivascular fluid, 40% for thickened pancreatic Iobular septum and 25% for peripancreatic fluid, which were markedly higher than those on in-phase or SSFSE T2-weighted images （P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： IEP primarily manifests on non- enhanced MR images as thickened pancreatic fascial plane, left renal fascial plane, peripancreatic fat stranding, and peripancreatic fluid. R-T T2-weighted imaging is more sensitive than in-phase and SSFSE T2- weighted imaging for depicting IER展开更多
目的:比较单节段胸腰椎Ⅲ期Kümmell病短节段和长节段固定的临床疗效,探讨更适宜的固定节段。方法:对2013年7月至2016年12月收治的46例单节段胸腰椎Ⅲ期Kümmell病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,46例患者因不同的骨水泥钉棒固...目的:比较单节段胸腰椎Ⅲ期Kümmell病短节段和长节段固定的临床疗效,探讨更适宜的固定节段。方法:对2013年7月至2016年12月收治的46例单节段胸腰椎Ⅲ期Kümmell病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,46例患者因不同的骨水泥钉棒固定方法分为短节段固定组(病椎上下各1椎)和长节段固定组(病椎上下各2椎)。其中短节段固定组25例,男9例,女16例,年龄(75.3±4.5)岁,腰椎骨密度T值(-3.1±0.3) g/cm^3,随访时间(13.0±2.3)个月;长节段固定组21例,男6例,女15例,年龄(74.5±3.9)岁,腰椎骨密度T值(-3.2±0.3) g/cm^3,随访时间(14.7±3.6)个月。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、随访时间、手术时间、术中出血量、骨水泥渗漏、邻椎骨折率,以及手术前后的疼痛VAS评分、ODI、后凸角变化。结果:术前两组患者年龄、性别、骨密度、疼痛VAS评分、ODI、后凸角比较差异无统计学意义,手术时间及术中出血量短节段固定组少于长节段固定组,术后7 d及末次随访时两组患者的疼痛VAS评分、ODI、后凸角较术前均有显著改善,组间比较差异无统计学意义。两组骨水泥渗漏(9/25 vs 11/21)及邻椎骨折发生(4/25 vs 3/21)差异无统计学意义。结论:长短节段固定均可有效缓解疼痛、纠正后凸、提高功能指数,取得较好临床疗效,但短节段骨水泥钉棒固定手术时间更短、术中出血更少,因此对于胸腰椎单节段Ⅲ期Kümmell病无需延长固定节段,短节段固定更符合临床需要,值得进一步研究。展开更多
精子DNA碎片(sperm DNA fragmentation,SDF)在男性不育症中发生率较高。SDF常伴发少、弱精子症,也可发生于常规精液指标正常的不育症患者。其发生机制包括精子成熟障碍、凋亡异常和氧化应激过高等。由于很多文献报道其与自然妊娠和辅助...精子DNA碎片(sperm DNA fragmentation,SDF)在男性不育症中发生率较高。SDF常伴发少、弱精子症,也可发生于常规精液指标正常的不育症患者。其发生机制包括精子成熟障碍、凋亡异常和氧化应激过高等。由于很多文献报道其与自然妊娠和辅助生殖技术结局存在负相关,SDF检测已在男性不育症和辅助生殖技术中得到越来越广泛的应用。本专家共识复习和评估了SDF相关文献,对SDF的危险因素、检测方法、临床意义和处理等提出2项良好实践要点和9项推荐建议。本共识大部分推荐建议的证据和级别属于低或中等,表明仍需要进一步的研究证实临床应用SDF检测的价值。展开更多
文摘土壤氮素氨化、硝化及固氮作用是影响作物氮素吸收及氮肥损失的主要因素,为揭示氮肥减量下玉米-大豆套作系统的土壤氮素转化特性及排放规律,利用大田定位试验研究了3种模式(玉米单作MM、大豆单作MS、玉米-大豆套作IMS)和3种施氮水平(不施氮NN:0;减量施氮RN:180 kg hm^(–2);常量施氮CN:240 kg hm^(–2))对土壤硝化作用、氨化作用、固氮作用及氨挥发、N_2O排放、NO_3~–-N累积的影响。结果表明,IMS较相应单作提高了土壤硝化和氨化作用, IMS的氨挥发损失率和N_2O损失率较MM降低21.6%和29.7%;IMS下玉米土壤的NO_3~–-N积累量显著高于MM,而大豆土壤的NO_3~–-N积累量显著低于MS。各施氮处理间, RN较CN降低了玉米土壤的氨化与硝化作用,增加了大豆土壤的硝化和固氮作用。IMS下RN的玉米、大豆全生育期固氮作用较CN增加29.7%和32.0%,年均氨挥发总量和N_2O排放量较CN降低37.2%和41.0%。玉米-大豆套作系统在减量施氮下通过提高土壤氮素氨化、硝化与固氮作用,减少氮素排放损失,增强耕层土壤NO_3~–-N积累,为作物氮素吸收提供了充足氮源。
基金supported by Improving the Ability of Diagnosis and Treatment of Difficult Diseases (ZLYNXM202009)。
文摘Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.
基金the Prophase Special Funds for Major State Basic Research of China, No.2002ccc00300the Major Emphasized Research Project of the Technology Office of Hubei province, No. 2003AA303B02
文摘AIM： To analyze the gene expression profiles of mice livers injured by Leigongteng and explore the relationship between the differentially expressed genes and liver damage. METHODS： The experimental mice were randomly divided into a control group and a liver-injured group in which the mice were administrated 33 μγ, of triptolide/ kg per day for 30 d. Liver mRNAs were extracted from animals in both groups and were reverse-transcribed to cDNA with dUTP labeled by different fluorescence （Cy3, Cy5） as hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray chips. The fluorescent signal results were acquired by scanner and analyzed with software. RESULTS： Among the 35852 target genes, 29 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed, with 20 genes up-regulated and 9 genes down-regulated. The reliability of the differentially expressed genes was validated by RT-PCR experiments of 5 randomly selected differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION： Based on the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes, it is obvious that the occurrence and development of liver damage induced by Leigongteng in mice are highly associated with immune response, metabolism, apoptosis and the cell skeleton of liver cells. This might be important for elucidating the regulatory network of gene expression associated with liver damage and it may also be important for discovering the pathogenic mechanisms of liver damage induced by Leigongteng.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (No. 7072044).
文摘Objective To examine the relationship between occurrence of hyperlipidemia, plasma homocysteine and polymorphisms of methylenetetra hydrofolate reductase （MTHFR） gene and methionine synthase （MS） gene. Methods A total of 192 hyperlipidemia patients were selected and divided into hypercholesterolemia group, hypertriglyceridemia group, and combined hyperlipidemia group. Another 208 normal individuals were selected as control. Total plasma homocysteine （tHcy） concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Lipid profiles were measured for all subjects The polymorphisms of MTHFR gene C677T and MS gene A2756G were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Results The tHcy concentration in the combined hyperlipidemia patients was significantly higher than that in the control （15.95μmol/L vs 13.43 μmol/L, P〈0.05）. The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia （HHcy） in the combined hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that in the control （42.2% vs 23.0%, P=0.015）, with the odds ratio （OR） of 3.339 （95%CI： 1.260-8.849）. The hyperlipidemia patients with HHcy had a higher concentration of total cholesterol （TC） than that in the normal tHcy patients （5.67±0.95 mmol/L vs 5.47±0.92 retool/L, P=0.034）. There was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies of MTHFR C677T between the hyperlipidemic and control groups. The hyperlipidemia patients with MTHFR CT/TT genotype had a higher concentration of triglyceride （TG） than those with CC genotype （2.24±1.75 mmol/L vs 1.87±0.95 mmol/L, P〈0.05）. Individuals with CT/TT genotype had a higher concentration of tHcy than those with 677CC genotype both in the hyperlipidemia group （12.61±1.24μmol/L vs 11.20±1.37 μmol/L, P〈0.05） and in the control group （14.04±1.48 μmol/L vs 12.61±1.24 μmol/L, P〈0.05）. The percentage of MS 2756 GG/AG genotype in the combined hyperlipidemia group was significantly higher than that in the control （26.7% vs 13.0%, P=0.012）, with the OR of 3.
基金Supported by Key project of Science and Technology Research, Ministry of Education, China, No. 206126
文摘AIM： To study the appearances of acute interstitial edematous pancreatitis （IEP） on non-enhanced MR imaging. METHODS： A total of 53 patients with IEP diagnosed by clinical features and laboratory findings were underwent MR imaging. MR imaging sequences included fast spoiled gradient echo （FSPGR） fat saturation axial T1-weighted imaging, gradient echo T1-weighted （in phase）, single shot fast spin echo （SSFSE） T2-weighted, respiratory triggered （R-T） T2-weighted with fat saturation, and MR cholangiopancreatography. Using the MR severity score index, pancreatitis was graded as mild （0-2 points）, moderate （3-6 points） and severe （7-10 points）. RESULTS： Among the 53 patients, IEP was graded as mild in 37 patients and as moderate in 16 patients. Forty-seven of 53 （89%） patients had at least one abnormality on MR images. Pancreas was hypointense relative to liver on FSPGR T1-weighted images in 18.9% of patients, and hyperintense in 25% and 30% on SSFSE T2-weighted and R-T T2-weighted images, respectively. The prevalences of the findings of IEP on R-T T2-weighted images were, respectively, 85% for pancreatic fascial plane, 77% for left renal fascial plane, 55% for peripancreatic fat stranding, 42% for right renal fascial plane, 45% for perivascular fluid, 40% for thickened pancreatic Iobular septum and 25% for peripancreatic fluid, which were markedly higher than those on in-phase or SSFSE T2-weighted images （P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： IEP primarily manifests on non- enhanced MR images as thickened pancreatic fascial plane, left renal fascial plane, peripancreatic fat stranding, and peripancreatic fluid. R-T T2-weighted imaging is more sensitive than in-phase and SSFSE T2- weighted imaging for depicting IER
文摘目的:比较单节段胸腰椎Ⅲ期Kümmell病短节段和长节段固定的临床疗效,探讨更适宜的固定节段。方法:对2013年7月至2016年12月收治的46例单节段胸腰椎Ⅲ期Kümmell病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,46例患者因不同的骨水泥钉棒固定方法分为短节段固定组(病椎上下各1椎)和长节段固定组(病椎上下各2椎)。其中短节段固定组25例,男9例,女16例,年龄(75.3±4.5)岁,腰椎骨密度T值(-3.1±0.3) g/cm^3,随访时间(13.0±2.3)个月;长节段固定组21例,男6例,女15例,年龄(74.5±3.9)岁,腰椎骨密度T值(-3.2±0.3) g/cm^3,随访时间(14.7±3.6)个月。比较两组患者的性别、年龄、随访时间、手术时间、术中出血量、骨水泥渗漏、邻椎骨折率,以及手术前后的疼痛VAS评分、ODI、后凸角变化。结果:术前两组患者年龄、性别、骨密度、疼痛VAS评分、ODI、后凸角比较差异无统计学意义,手术时间及术中出血量短节段固定组少于长节段固定组,术后7 d及末次随访时两组患者的疼痛VAS评分、ODI、后凸角较术前均有显著改善,组间比较差异无统计学意义。两组骨水泥渗漏(9/25 vs 11/21)及邻椎骨折发生(4/25 vs 3/21)差异无统计学意义。结论:长短节段固定均可有效缓解疼痛、纠正后凸、提高功能指数,取得较好临床疗效,但短节段骨水泥钉棒固定手术时间更短、术中出血更少,因此对于胸腰椎单节段Ⅲ期Kümmell病无需延长固定节段,短节段固定更符合临床需要,值得进一步研究。
文摘精子DNA碎片(sperm DNA fragmentation,SDF)在男性不育症中发生率较高。SDF常伴发少、弱精子症,也可发生于常规精液指标正常的不育症患者。其发生机制包括精子成熟障碍、凋亡异常和氧化应激过高等。由于很多文献报道其与自然妊娠和辅助生殖技术结局存在负相关,SDF检测已在男性不育症和辅助生殖技术中得到越来越广泛的应用。本专家共识复习和评估了SDF相关文献,对SDF的危险因素、检测方法、临床意义和处理等提出2项良好实践要点和9项推荐建议。本共识大部分推荐建议的证据和级别属于低或中等,表明仍需要进一步的研究证实临床应用SDF检测的价值。
