Use of multidisciplinary analysis in reliabilitybased design optimization(RBDO) results in the emergence of the important method of reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization(RBMDO). To enhance the effici...Use of multidisciplinary analysis in reliabilitybased design optimization(RBDO) results in the emergence of the important method of reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization(RBMDO). To enhance the efficiency and convergence of the overall solution process,a decoupling algorithm for RBMDO is proposed herein.Firstly, to decouple the multidisciplinary analysis using the individual disciplinary feasible(IDF) approach, the RBMDO is converted into a conventional form of RBDO. Secondly,the incremental shifting vector(ISV) strategy is adopted to decouple the nested optimization of RBDO into a sequential iteration process composed of design optimization and reliability analysis, thereby improving the efficiency significantly. Finally, the proposed RBMDO method is applied to the design of two actual electronic products: an aerial camera and a car pad. For these two applications, two RBMDO models are created, each containing several finite element models(FEMs) and relatively strong coupling between the involved disciplines. The computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
A first search for the Ξ_(bc)^(+)J/ψΞ_(c)^(+) decay is performed by the LHCb experiment with a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 recorded at centre-of-mass...A first search for the Ξ_(bc)^(+)J/ψΞ_(c)^(+) decay is performed by the LHCb experiment with a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Two peaking structures are seen with a local (global) significance of 4.3(2.8) and 4.1(2.4) standard deviations at masses of 6571 and 6694 MeV/c2, respectively. Upper limits are set on the Ξ+bc baryon production cross-section times the branching fraction relative to that of the B+c→J/ψD+s decay at centre-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, in the Ξ+bc and in the B+c rapidity and transverse-momentum ranges from 2.0 to 4.5 and 0 to 20GeV/c, respectively. Upper limits are presented as a function of the Ξ+bc mass and lifetime.展开更多
A search for the rare decays W^(+)→D_(s)^(+)γ and Z→D0γis performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity...A search for the rare decays W^(+)→D_(s)^(+)γ and Z→D0γis performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0fb−1.No significant signal is observed for either decay mode and upper limits on their branching fractions are set using W^(+)→D_(s)^(+)γ and Z→μ+μ−decays as normalization channels.The upper limits are 6.5×10^(−4) and 2.1×10^(−3) at 95% confidence level for the W^(+)→D_(s)^(+)γ and Z→D^(0)γ decay modes,respectively.This is the first reported search for the Z→D^(0)γ decay,while the upper limit on the W+→D+sγbranching fraction improves upon the previous best limit.展开更多
A search for the doubly charmed baryon ■^+cc is performed through its decay to theΛ^+c K^-π^+ final state,using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13...A search for the doubly charmed baryon ■^+cc is performed through its decay to theΛ^+c K^-π^+ final state,using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 TeV.The data correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb^-1.No significant signal is observed in the mass range from 3.4 to 3.8 GeV/c^2.Upper limits are set at 95%credibility level on the ratio of the ■^+cc production cross-section times the branching fraction to that ofΛ^+c and ■^++cc baryons.The limits are determined as functions of the ■^+cc mass for different lifetime hypotheses,in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and the transverse momentum range from 4 to 15 GeV/c.展开更多
First evidence of a structure in the J/ψΛinvariant mass distribution is obtained from an amplitude analysis of■b^(-)J/ψΛK^(-)decays.The observed structure is consistent with being due to a charmonium pentaquark w...First evidence of a structure in the J/ψΛinvariant mass distribution is obtained from an amplitude analysis of■b^(-)J/ψΛK^(-)decays.The observed structure is consistent with being due to a charmonium pentaquark with strangeness with a significance of 3.1r including systematic uncertainties and lookelsewhere effect.Its mass and width are determined to be 4458:8±2:9t4:7-1:1 MeV and 17:3±6:5t8:0-5:7 MeV,respectively,where the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic.The structure is also consistent with being due to two resonances.In addition,the narrow excited■^(-)states,N■(1690)and■(1820),are seen for the first time in a■b^(-)decay,and their masses and widths are measured with improved precision.The analysis is performed using pp collision data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb^(-1),collected with the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 TeV.展开更多
The production of ■baryons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV is measured in the transverse-momentum range 4<pT<15GeV/c and the rapidity range2.0<y<4.5.The data used in...The production of ■baryons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV is measured in the transverse-momentum range 4<pT<15GeV/c and the rapidity range2.0<y<4.5.The data used in this measurement correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7fb^-1,recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2016.The ratio of the ■ production cross-section times the branching fraction of the■→∧^+cK^-π^+ π^+decay relative to the prompt ∧^+c production cross-section is found to be(2.22±0.27±0.29)×10^-4,assuming the central value of the measured lifetime,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.展开更多
The first search for the doubly heavyΩ^(0)_(bc)baryon and a search for the E^(0)_(bc)baryon are performed using pp collision data collected via the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 T...The first search for the doubly heavyΩ^(0)_(bc)baryon and a search for the E^(0)_(bc)baryon are performed using pp collision data collected via the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb^(-1).The baryons are reconstructed via their decays to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)and E^(+)_(c)π^(-).No significant excess is fbund for invariant masses between 6700 and 7300 MeV/c^(2),in a rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and a transverse momentum range from 2 to 20 MeV/c.Upper limits are set on the ratio of the Ω^(0)_(bc)and E^(0)_(bc)production cross-section times the branching fraction to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(+)_(c)π^(-))relative to that of the Λ^(0)_(b)(E^(0)_(b))baryon,for different lifetime hypotheses,at 95%confidence level.The upper limits range from 0.5 x 10^(-4)to 2.5 x 10^(-4)for theΩ^(0)_(bc)→Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(0)_(bc)→Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-))decay,and from 1.4x 10^(-3)to 6.9 x 10^(-3)for theΩ^(0)_(bc)→E^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(0)_(bc)→E^(+)_(c)π^(-))decay,depending on the considered mass and lifetime of theΩ^(0)_(bc)(E^(0)_(bc))baryon.展开更多
A search for the rare decay B^(0)→J/ψФis performed using Pp collision data collected with the LHCb dete-ctor at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of9 fb.No signific...A search for the rare decay B^(0)→J/ψФis performed using Pp collision data collected with the LHCb dete-ctor at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of9 fb.No significant signal of the decay is observed and an upper limitof 1.1x 10^(-7)at 90%confidence level is set on the branching fraction.展开更多
Cutting behavior exerts a considerable influence on the fabrication of bulk metallic glass(BMG) components. In this study,the influences of machining parameters(i.e.,depth of cutting,feed rate,and spindle rate) on the...Cutting behavior exerts a considerable influence on the fabrication of bulk metallic glass(BMG) components. In this study,the influences of machining parameters(i.e.,depth of cutting,feed rate,and spindle rate) on the turned surface of a Zr-based BMG after observing the 3D morphologies of this surface were characterized.The results showed that the influence of the spindle rate on the surface morphologies is more substantial as compared to the depth of cutting and the feed rate. Nanoscratch tests were conducted to further characterize the separation mechanism of the chips,which revealed that the chips are torn off the surface of a BMG because of inhomogeneous localized maximum shear stress.展开更多
Kirigami, the ancient Japanese paper cutting technique, has been applied to achieve high stretchability and low energy loss of designed metallic glass. Despite the exploration of the underlying deformation mechanism o...Kirigami, the ancient Japanese paper cutting technique, has been applied to achieve high stretchability and low energy loss of designed metallic glass. Despite the exploration of the underlying deformation mechanism of kirigami-inspired structures from the energy point of view, the morphable responses of the kirigami patterns and the origin of the kirigami response are yet to be fully understood. This study reveals the mechanical driven-forms of the kirigami structure with the corresponding deformation stages. Based on the beam deflection theory, the elastic buckling behavior of kirigami metallic glass is manifested and a critical force prediction model is developed. Moreover, a force concentration parameter is introduced in the rigid-plastic deformation stage, predicting the nominal ultimate force. The kirigami-inspired facture force is firstly proposed. The findings of these models are in good agreement with the experimental sizedependent kirigami responses, and expected to provide significant insights into the understanding of the deformation behavior and the design of kirigami metallic glasses.展开更多
Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the tr...Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,ie.jet-quenching.Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au collisions.The modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching ef-fect.This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle pr.The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are described.The correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow backgrounds.The away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger particles.The near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately constant.The correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from fluc-tuations.It is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak structure.The dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open ques-tion.Even with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure is robust.These results,with exte展开更多
The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy(LEIA),a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission,was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on20...The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy(LEIA),a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission,was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on2022 July 27.In this paper,we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument.Using stateof-the-art Micro-Pore Optics(MPO),a wide field of view of 346 square degrees(18.6°×18.6°)of the X-ray imager is realized.An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons,and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)sensors,each of size 6 cm×6 cm,are used as the focal plane detectors.The instrument has an angular resolution of 4’-8’(in terms of FWHM)for the central focal spot of the point-spread function,and an effective area of 2-3 cm^(2) at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view.The detection passband is 0.5-4 keV in soft X-rays and the sensitivity is2-3×10^(-11) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2)(about 1 milliCrab)with a 1000 s observation.The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W.The satellite,with a design lifetime of 2 yr,operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes.LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation,and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters.In addition,LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band,albeit with limited useful observing time available.展开更多
Shear-banding behavior in metallic glasses plays a key role in the operation of plastic deformation,which is associated with yield strength.In a micro-scale,the shear-banding behavior must be affected by many factors ...Shear-banding behavior in metallic glasses plays a key role in the operation of plastic deformation,which is associated with yield strength.In a micro-scale,the shear-banding behavior must be affected by many factors from the test machine and the substrate.Therefore,in this study,comprehensively considering a machine compliance,a geometry imperfection of micro-pillar,and a substrate sink-in the machine-sample-substrate system,we developed a plastic-strength model at a micrometer scale in this study,which is evidenced by the microscale compressive properties of 18 kinds of metallic glasses.The the-oretical model provides a guidance for the elastic limits and shear-banding dynamics of metallic glasses at the micro-scale,which can be applicable to characterize the microscale deformation behavior of other amorphous materials.展开更多
The microstructure of 40Cr steel sample and its surface is ultra-fined through salt-bath cyclic quenching and high frequency hardening, then the superplasticity is studied under isothermal superplastic compressive def...The microstructure of 40Cr steel sample and its surface is ultra-fined through salt-bath cyclic quenching and high frequency hardening, then the superplasticity is studied under isothermal superplastic compressive deformation condition. The experimental results indicate that the stress-strain curves are shown to take place obvious superplastic flow characteristic at the temperature of 750-770℃ and at the initial strain rate of (1.7-5.0)×10-4 s-1. Its strain rate sensitivity is 0.30-0.38, the steady superplastic flow stress is 60-70MPa, the superplastic flow activation energy is 198-217kJ/mol, and it is close to α-Fe grain boundary self-diffusion activation energy. The super-plastic compressive constitute equations of this steel are correspondingly set up. Due to the finer microstructure of high frequency hardening, it appears bigger strain rate sensitivity value, smaller the steady superplastic flow stress and the superplastic flow activation energy, so it has better superplastic deformation capability.展开更多
Mobility and bioavailability of lead （Pb） could be affected considerably by soil physicochemical properties; however, less is known about the effect of Pb levels and aging time. This study was conducted to evaluate ...Mobility and bioavailability of lead （Pb） could be affected considerably by soil physicochemical properties; however, less is known about the effect of Pb levels and aging time. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Pb levels and wetting-drying （WD） cycles on distribution and bioavailability of Pb in three semi-arid zone soils treated with different levels of Pb（NO3）2. Wetting-drying cycles simulated the actual field irrigation in the semi-arid soils. A soil with a long history of Pb contamination was also taken as a reference soil. The soils were spiked with various levels of Pb and incubated under WD cycles for 160 d. Sequential extractions and batch sorption experiments were performed to assess the fractionation of Pb in the spiked soils. Redistribution index （Uts） and reduced partitioning parameter （IR） were applied to semi-quantify the distribution of Pb in the spiked soils. A small amount of Pb sorbed was desorbed by the soils, indicating a strong and irreversible binding of Pb in the studied soils. Contribution of carbonate-bound （Car） and residual （Res） Pb fl＇actions to the total Pb of the soils was more than 97%. The Car, soluble plus exchangeable （SE）, and organic matter-bound （OMB） fractions of Pb were transferred to the Res fraction under the WD cycles. The IR and Uts values were influenced by Pb loading levels and WD; therefore, the Pb lability and/or redistribution pattern could semi-quantitatively be assessed via these parameters. At the end of the experiment, the Ia and Uts values for the Pb salt-spiked soils did not show the quasi- equilibrium state. The lability of Pb in the soils decreased with increasing incubation time and showed a strong dependence on Pb levels and soil chemical composition. WD cycles significantly affected the overall lability of Pb in soils through influencing the redistribution of Pb among solid-phase components.展开更多
Two low-lying unbound states in ^(16)C are investigated by deuteron inelastic scattering in inverse kinematics.Besides the 2^(-) state at 5.45 MeV previously measured in a 1n knockout reaction,a new resonant state at ...Two low-lying unbound states in ^(16)C are investigated by deuteron inelastic scattering in inverse kinematics.Besides the 2^(-) state at 5.45 MeV previously measured in a 1n knockout reaction,a new resonant state at 6.89 MeV is observed for the first time.The inelastic scattering angular distributions of these two states are well reproduced by the distorted-wave Born approximation(DWBA)calculation with an l=1 excitation.In addition,the spinparities of the unbound states are discussed and tentatively assigned based on shell model calculations using the modified YSOX interaction.展开更多
Nano-ring-type magnetic tunnel junctions （NR-MTJs） with the layer structure of Ta（5）/Ir22Mn78（10）/ Co75Fe25（2）/Ru（0.75）/CoooFe20B20（3）/Al（0.6）-oxide/Co60Fe20B20（2.5）/Ta（3）/Ru（5） （thickness unit：...Nano-ring-type magnetic tunnel junctions （NR-MTJs） with the layer structure of Ta（5）/Ir22Mn78（10）/ Co75Fe25（2）/Ru（0.75）/CoooFe20B20（3）/Al（0.6）-oxide/Co60Fe20B20（2.5）/Ta（3）/Ru（5） （thickness unit： nm） were nano-fabricated on the Si（100）/SiO2 substrate using magnetron sputtering deposition combined with the optical lithography, electron beam lithography （EBL） and Ar ion-beam etching techniques. The smaller NR-MTJs with the inner- and outer-diameter of around 50 and 100 nm and also their corresponding NR-MTJ arrays were nano-patterned. The tunnelling magnetoresistance （TMR ＆ R） versus driving current （I） loops for a spin-polarized current switching were measured, and the TMR ratio of around 35% at room temperature were observed. The critical values of switching current for the free Co60Fe20B20 layer relative to the reference Co6oFe2oB2o layer between parallel and anti-parallel magnetization states were between 0.50 and 0.75 mA in such NR-MTJs. It is suggested that the applicable MRAM fabrication with the density and capacity higher than 256 Mbit/inch2 even 6 Gbite/inch2 are possible using both I NR-MTJ＋1 transistor structure and current switching mechanism based on based on our fabricated 4×4 MRAM demo devices.展开更多
Introduction The main physical objective of the GECAM satellite is to detect gamma-ray bursts,which is related to gravitational waves of double compact object mergers.The GECAM satellite also detects and investigates ...Introduction The main physical objective of the GECAM satellite is to detect gamma-ray bursts,which is related to gravitational waves of double compact object mergers.The GECAM satellite also detects and investigates various bursts of high-energy celestial bodies.Purposes and methods In this study,we designed,developed and calibrated the payload and launched it into orbit with GECAM satellite.The payload consists of the gamma ray detector(GRD,for detecting 4 keV–4 MeV X/γray),the charged particle detector(CPD,for detecting 150 keV–5 MeV charged particle),and the electronic box(EBOX).The all-sky field coverage is achieved via two 229-degree large-area satellites positioned 180 degrees apart and are on opposite sides of the geo-center.Each satellite is equipped with 25 GRDs and 8 CPDs;thus,the satellite can identify charged particle bursts in space.Gamma-ray detectors adopt lanthanum bromide crystal technology combined with silicon photomultipliers.This is the first time that this technology was used massively in space detectors.Conclusions The GECAM satellite can quickly determine the direction of gamma-ray bursts(positioning)via indexing and fitting method,while the transmit variability,energy spectrum and direction of the gamma-ray bursts guide subsequent observations through the Beidou-3 RDSS in quasi-real time.It will play an important role in the study of high energy celestial bursts.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 51490662)the Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of Hunan Province (Grant 14JJ1016)+1 种基金the State Key Program of the National Science Foundation of China (11232004)the Heavy-duty Tractor Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Research and System Development (Grant 2016YFD0701105)
文摘Use of multidisciplinary analysis in reliabilitybased design optimization(RBDO) results in the emergence of the important method of reliability-based multidisciplinary design optimization(RBMDO). To enhance the efficiency and convergence of the overall solution process,a decoupling algorithm for RBMDO is proposed herein.Firstly, to decouple the multidisciplinary analysis using the individual disciplinary feasible(IDF) approach, the RBMDO is converted into a conventional form of RBDO. Secondly,the incremental shifting vector(ISV) strategy is adopted to decouple the nested optimization of RBDO into a sequential iteration process composed of design optimization and reliability analysis, thereby improving the efficiency significantly. Finally, the proposed RBMDO method is applied to the design of two actual electronic products: an aerial camera and a car pad. For these two applications, two RBMDO models are created, each containing several finite element models(FEMs) and relatively strong coupling between the involved disciplines. The computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金The project support from CERN and from the national agencies:CAPES,CNPq,FAPERJ and FINEP(Brazil)MOST and NSFC(China)+18 种基金CNRS/IN2P3(France)BMBF,DFG and MPG(Germany)INFN(Italy)NWO(Netherlands)MNiSW and NCN(Poland)MEN/IFA(Romania)MICINN(Spain)SNSF and SER(Switzerland)NASU(Ukraine)STFC(United Kingdom)DOE NP and NSF(USA).We acknowledge the computing resources that are provided by CERN,IN2P3(France),KIT and DESY(Germany),INFN(Italy),SURF(Netherlands),PIC(Spain),GridPP(United Kingdom),CSCS(Switzerland),IFIN-HH(Romania),CBPF(Brazil),Polish WLCG(Poland)and NERSC(USA).Individual groups or members have received support from ARC and ARDC(Australia)Minciencias(Colombia)AvH Foundation(Germany)EPLANET,Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions and ERC(European Union)A*MIDEX,ANR,IPhU and Labex P2IO,and Région Auvergne-RhôneAlpes(France)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS,CAS PIFI,CAS CCEPP,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and Sci.&Tech.Program of Guangzhou(China)GVA,XuntaGal,GENCAT and Prog.Atracción Talento,CM(Spain)SRC(Sweden)the Leverhulme Trust,the Royal Society and UKRI(United Kingdom).
文摘A first search for the Ξ_(bc)^(+)J/ψΞ_(c)^(+) decay is performed by the LHCb experiment with a data sample of proton-proton collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb−1 recorded at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. Two peaking structures are seen with a local (global) significance of 4.3(2.8) and 4.1(2.4) standard deviations at masses of 6571 and 6694 MeV/c2, respectively. Upper limits are set on the Ξ+bc baryon production cross-section times the branching fraction relative to that of the B+c→J/ψD+s decay at centre-of-mass energies of 8 and 13 TeV, in the Ξ+bc and in the B+c rapidity and transverse-momentum ranges from 2.0 to 4.5 and 0 to 20GeV/c, respectively. Upper limits are presented as a function of the Ξ+bc mass and lifetime.
文摘A search for the rare decays W^(+)→D_(s)^(+)γ and Z→D0γis performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0fb−1.No significant signal is observed for either decay mode and upper limits on their branching fractions are set using W^(+)→D_(s)^(+)γ and Z→μ+μ−decays as normalization channels.The upper limits are 6.5×10^(−4) and 2.1×10^(−3) at 95% confidence level for the W^(+)→D_(s)^(+)γ and Z→D^(0)γ decay modes,respectively.This is the first reported search for the Z→D^(0)γ decay,while the upper limit on the W+→D+sγbranching fraction improves upon the previous best limit.
基金support from CERN and from the national agencies:CAPES,CNPq，FAPERJ and FINEP(Brazil)MOST and NSFC(China)+11 种基金CNRS/IN2P3(France)BMBF,DFG and MPG(Germany)INFN(Italy)KWO(Netherlands)MNiSW and NCN(Poland)MEN/IFA(Romania)MinES and FASO(Russia)MinECo(Spain)SNSF and SER(Switzerland)NASU(Ukraine)STFC(United Kingdom)NSF(USA).
文摘A search for the doubly charmed baryon ■^+cc is performed through its decay to theΛ^+c K^-π^+ final state,using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 TeV.The data correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb^-1.No significant signal is observed in the mass range from 3.4 to 3.8 GeV/c^2.Upper limits are set at 95%credibility level on the ratio of the ■^+cc production cross-section times the branching fraction to that ofΛ^+c and ■^++cc baryons.The limits are determined as functions of the ■^+cc mass for different lifetime hypotheses,in the rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and the transverse momentum range from 4 to 15 GeV/c.
文摘First evidence of a structure in the J/ψΛinvariant mass distribution is obtained from an amplitude analysis of■b^(-)J/ψΛK^(-)decays.The observed structure is consistent with being due to a charmonium pentaquark with strangeness with a significance of 3.1r including systematic uncertainties and lookelsewhere effect.Its mass and width are determined to be 4458:8±2:9t4:7-1:1 MeV and 17:3±6:5t8:0-5:7 MeV,respectively,where the quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic.The structure is also consistent with being due to two resonances.In addition,the narrow excited■^(-)states,N■(1690)and■(1820),are seen for the first time in a■b^(-)decay,and their masses and widths are measured with improved precision.The analysis is performed using pp collision data corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9 fb^(-1),collected with the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 TeV.
基金Supported by CERNnational agencies:CAPES+30 种基金CNPqFAPERJFINEP(Brazil)MOSTNSFC(China)CNRS/IN2P3(France)BMBFDFGMPG(Germany)INFN(Italy)NWO(Netherlands)MNiSWNCN(Poland)MEN/IFA(Romania)MSHE(Russia)MinECo(Spain)SNSFSER(Switzerland)NASU(Ukraine)STFC(United Kingdom)DOE NPNSF(USA)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS,CAS PIFIthe Thousand Talents Program(China)RFBRRSFYandex LLC(Russia)GVAXuntaGalGENCAT(Spain)the Royal Society and the Leverhulme Trust(United Kingdom)
文摘The production of ■baryons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV is measured in the transverse-momentum range 4<pT<15GeV/c and the rapidity range2.0<y<4.5.The data used in this measurement correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.7fb^-1,recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2016.The ratio of the ■ production cross-section times the branching fraction of the■→∧^+cK^-π^+ π^+decay relative to the prompt ∧^+c production cross-section is found to be(2.22±0.27±0.29)×10^-4,assuming the central value of the measured lifetime,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
基金CAPES,CNPq,FAPERJ and FINEP(Brazil)MOST and NSFC(China)+18 种基金CNRS/IN2P3(France)BMBF,DFG,MPG(Germany)INFN(Italy)NWO(Netherlands)MNiSW,NCN(Poland)MEN/IFA(Romania)MSHE(Russia)MICINN(Spain)SNSF,SER(Switzerland)NASU(Ukraine)STFC(United Kingdom)DOE NP,NSF(USA).We acknowledge the computing resources that are provided by CERN,IN2P3(France),KIT and DESY(Germany),INFN(Italy),SURF(Netherlands),PIC(Spain),GridPP(United Kingdom),RRCKI and Yandex LLC(Russia),CSCS(Switzerland),IFIN-HH(Romania),CBPF(Brazil),PL-GRID(Poland)and NERSC(USA)AvH Foundation(Germany)EPLANET,Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions and ERC(European Union)A*MIDEX,ANR,Labex P2IO and OCEVU,Region Auvergne-Rhdne-Alpes(France)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CAS,CAS PIFI,CAS CCEPP,Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and Sci.Tech.Program of Guangzhou(China)RFBR,RSF and Yandex LLC(Russia)GVA,XuntaGal,GENCAT(Spain)the Leverhulme Trust,the Royal Society and UKRI(United Kingdom)。
文摘The first search for the doubly heavyΩ^(0)_(bc)baryon and a search for the E^(0)_(bc)baryon are performed using pp collision data collected via the LHCb experiment from 2016 to 2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb^(-1).The baryons are reconstructed via their decays to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)and E^(+)_(c)π^(-).No significant excess is fbund for invariant masses between 6700 and 7300 MeV/c^(2),in a rapidity range from 2.0 to 4.5 and a transverse momentum range from 2 to 20 MeV/c.Upper limits are set on the ratio of the Ω^(0)_(bc)and E^(0)_(bc)production cross-section times the branching fraction to Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(+)_(c)π^(-))relative to that of the Λ^(0)_(b)(E^(0)_(b))baryon,for different lifetime hypotheses,at 95%confidence level.The upper limits range from 0.5 x 10^(-4)to 2.5 x 10^(-4)for theΩ^(0)_(bc)→Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(0)_(bc)→Λ^(+)_(c)π^(-))decay,and from 1.4x 10^(-3)to 6.9 x 10^(-3)for theΩ^(0)_(bc)→E^(+)_(c)π^(-)(E^(0)_(bc)→E^(+)_(c)π^(-))decay,depending on the considered mass and lifetime of theΩ^(0)_(bc)(E^(0)_(bc))baryon.
基金support from AvH Foundation(Germany)EPLANET,Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Actions and ERC(European Union)+11 种基金A*MIDEXANRLabex P2IOOCEVURégion Auvergne-Rh?ne-Alpes(France)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of CASCAS PIFIThousand Talents ProgramSci.&Tech.Program of Guangzhou(China)RFBR,RSF and Yandex LLC(Russia)GVA,Xunta Gal and GENCAT(Spain)the Royal Society and the Leverhulme Trust(United Kingdom)。
文摘A search for the rare decay B^(0)→J/ψФis performed using Pp collision data collected with the LHCb dete-ctor at centre-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 TeV,corresponding to an integrated luminosity of9 fb.No significant signal of the decay is observed and an upper limitof 1.1x 10^(-7)at 90%confidence level is set on the branching fraction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51171098,and 51222102)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (No.Poly U511211)+2 种基金the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No.12ZZ090)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learningthe "085 Project" in Shanghai University
文摘Cutting behavior exerts a considerable influence on the fabrication of bulk metallic glass(BMG) components. In this study,the influences of machining parameters(i.e.,depth of cutting,feed rate,and spindle rate) on the turned surface of a Zr-based BMG after observing the 3D morphologies of this surface were characterized.The results showed that the influence of the spindle rate on the surface morphologies is more substantial as compared to the depth of cutting and the feed rate. Nanoscratch tests were conducted to further characterize the separation mechanism of the chips,which revealed that the chips are torn off the surface of a BMG because of inhomogeneous localized maximum shear stress.
基金fully supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.PolyU 15222017)。
文摘Kirigami, the ancient Japanese paper cutting technique, has been applied to achieve high stretchability and low energy loss of designed metallic glass. Despite the exploration of the underlying deformation mechanism of kirigami-inspired structures from the energy point of view, the morphable responses of the kirigami patterns and the origin of the kirigami response are yet to be fully understood. This study reveals the mechanical driven-forms of the kirigami structure with the corresponding deformation stages. Based on the beam deflection theory, the elastic buckling behavior of kirigami metallic glass is manifested and a critical force prediction model is developed. Moreover, a force concentration parameter is introduced in the rigid-plastic deformation stage, predicting the nominal ultimate force. The kirigami-inspired facture force is firstly proposed. The findings of these models are in good agreement with the experimental sizedependent kirigami responses, and expected to provide significant insights into the understanding of the deformation behavior and the design of kirigami metallic glasses.
基金Supported in part by the Offices of NP and HEP within the U.S.DOE Office of Sciencethe U.S.NSF+18 种基金the Sloan Foundationthe DFG cluster of excellence‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’of Germany,CNRS/IN2P3STFC and EPSRC of the United KingdomFAPESP CNPq of Brazil,Ministry of Ed.Sci.of the Russian FederationNNSFCCASMoSTMoE of ChinaGA and MSMT of the Czech RepublicFOM and NWO of the NetherlandsDAEDSTCSIR of IndiaPolish Ministry of Sci.Higher Ed.,Korea Research Foundation,Ministry of Sci.,Ed.Sports of the Rep.Of CroatiaRussian Ministry of Sci.and TechRos-Atom of Russia。
文摘Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,ie.jet-quenching.Previous measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au collisions.The modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching ef-fect.This paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle pr.The subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are described.The correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow backgrounds.The away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger particles.The near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately constant.The correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from fluc-tuations.It is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak structure.The dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open ques-tion.Even with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure is robust.These results,with exte
基金supported by the Einstein Probe project,a mission in the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science of CAS(grant Nos.XDA15310000,XDA15052100)in part been supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Program under the AHEAD2020 project(grant No.871158).
文摘The Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy(LEIA),a pathfinder of the Wide-field X-ray Telescope of the Einstein Probe mission,was successfully launched onboard the SATech-01 satellite of the Chinese Academy of Sciences on2022 July 27.In this paper,we introduce the design and on-ground test results of the LEIA instrument.Using stateof-the-art Micro-Pore Optics(MPO),a wide field of view of 346 square degrees(18.6°×18.6°)of the X-ray imager is realized.An optical assembly composed of 36 MPO chips is used to focus incident X-ray photons,and four large-format complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)sensors,each of size 6 cm×6 cm,are used as the focal plane detectors.The instrument has an angular resolution of 4’-8’(in terms of FWHM)for the central focal spot of the point-spread function,and an effective area of 2-3 cm^(2) at 1 keV in essentially all the directions within the field of view.The detection passband is 0.5-4 keV in soft X-rays and the sensitivity is2-3×10^(-11) erg s^(-1) cm^(-2)(about 1 milliCrab)with a 1000 s observation.The total weight of LEIA is 56 kg and the power is 85 W.The satellite,with a design lifetime of 2 yr,operates in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 500 km with an orbital period of 95 minutes.LEIA is paving the way for future missions by verifying in flight the technologies of both novel focusing imaging optics and CMOS sensors for X-ray observation,and by optimizing the working setups of the instrumental parameters.In addition,LEIA is able to carry out scientific observations to find new transients and to monitor known sources in the soft X-ray band,albeit with limited useful observing time available.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51925103,51801027)the program 173(No.2020-JCIQ-ZD-186-01)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M713334)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(No.PolyU 15222017).
文摘Shear-banding behavior in metallic glasses plays a key role in the operation of plastic deformation,which is associated with yield strength.In a micro-scale,the shear-banding behavior must be affected by many factors from the test machine and the substrate.Therefore,in this study,comprehensively considering a machine compliance,a geometry imperfection of micro-pillar,and a substrate sink-in the machine-sample-substrate system,we developed a plastic-strength model at a micrometer scale in this study,which is evidenced by the microscale compressive properties of 18 kinds of metallic glasses.The the-oretical model provides a guidance for the elastic limits and shear-banding dynamics of metallic glasses at the micro-scale,which can be applicable to characterize the microscale deformation behavior of other amorphous materials.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of New Nonferrous Metal Materials Natural Science Foundation of He'nan Province,China(No.984040900)Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of He'nan Province,China(No.2003430211).
文摘The microstructure of 40Cr steel sample and its surface is ultra-fined through salt-bath cyclic quenching and high frequency hardening, then the superplasticity is studied under isothermal superplastic compressive deformation condition. The experimental results indicate that the stress-strain curves are shown to take place obvious superplastic flow characteristic at the temperature of 750-770℃ and at the initial strain rate of (1.7-5.0)×10-4 s-1. Its strain rate sensitivity is 0.30-0.38, the steady superplastic flow stress is 60-70MPa, the superplastic flow activation energy is 198-217kJ/mol, and it is close to α-Fe grain boundary self-diffusion activation energy. The super-plastic compressive constitute equations of this steel are correspondingly set up. Due to the finer microstructure of high frequency hardening, it appears bigger strain rate sensitivity value, smaller the steady superplastic flow stress and the superplastic flow activation energy, so it has better superplastic deformation capability.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of Iran and Urmia University,Iran
文摘Mobility and bioavailability of lead （Pb） could be affected considerably by soil physicochemical properties; however, less is known about the effect of Pb levels and aging time. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Pb levels and wetting-drying （WD） cycles on distribution and bioavailability of Pb in three semi-arid zone soils treated with different levels of Pb（NO3）2. Wetting-drying cycles simulated the actual field irrigation in the semi-arid soils. A soil with a long history of Pb contamination was also taken as a reference soil. The soils were spiked with various levels of Pb and incubated under WD cycles for 160 d. Sequential extractions and batch sorption experiments were performed to assess the fractionation of Pb in the spiked soils. Redistribution index （Uts） and reduced partitioning parameter （IR） were applied to semi-quantify the distribution of Pb in the spiked soils. A small amount of Pb sorbed was desorbed by the soils, indicating a strong and irreversible binding of Pb in the studied soils. Contribution of carbonate-bound （Car） and residual （Res） Pb fl＇actions to the total Pb of the soils was more than 97%. The Car, soluble plus exchangeable （SE）, and organic matter-bound （OMB） fractions of Pb were transferred to the Res fraction under the WD cycles. The IR and Uts values were influenced by Pb loading levels and WD; therefore, the Pb lability and/or redistribution pattern could semi-quantitatively be assessed via these parameters. At the end of the experiment, the Ia and Uts values for the Pb salt-spiked soils did not show the quasi- equilibrium state. The lability of Pb in the soils decreased with increasing incubation time and showed a strong dependence on Pb levels and soil chemical composition. WD cycles significantly affected the overall lability of Pb in soils through influencing the redistribution of Pb among solid-phase components.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0404403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11775004,U1867214,11875074,11961141003)+1 种基金the funding from the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology,Peking University(NPT2021ZZ01)the funding from Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIR2021PY002)。
文摘Two low-lying unbound states in ^(16)C are investigated by deuteron inelastic scattering in inverse kinematics.Besides the 2^(-) state at 5.45 MeV previously measured in a 1n knockout reaction,a new resonant state at 6.89 MeV is observed for the first time.The inelastic scattering angular distributions of these two states are well reproduced by the distorted-wave Born approximation(DWBA)calculation with an l=1 excitation.In addition,the spinparities of the unbound states are discussed and tentatively assigned based on shell model calculations using the modified YSOX interaction.
基金the State Key Project of Fundamental Research of Ministry of Science and Technology （No. 2006CB932200） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC, No. 10574156）+2 种基金 the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Aca.demy of Sciencesthe protial support of 0utstanding Young Researcher Foundation （Nos. 50325104 and 50528101） K.C.Wong Education Foundation, Hong Kong.
文摘Nano-ring-type magnetic tunnel junctions （NR-MTJs） with the layer structure of Ta（5）/Ir22Mn78（10）/ Co75Fe25（2）/Ru（0.75）/CoooFe20B20（3）/Al（0.6）-oxide/Co60Fe20B20（2.5）/Ta（3）/Ru（5） （thickness unit： nm） were nano-fabricated on the Si（100）/SiO2 substrate using magnetron sputtering deposition combined with the optical lithography, electron beam lithography （EBL） and Ar ion-beam etching techniques. The smaller NR-MTJs with the inner- and outer-diameter of around 50 and 100 nm and also their corresponding NR-MTJ arrays were nano-patterned. The tunnelling magnetoresistance （TMR ＆ R） versus driving current （I） loops for a spin-polarized current switching were measured, and the TMR ratio of around 35% at room temperature were observed. The critical values of switching current for the free Co60Fe20B20 layer relative to the reference Co6oFe2oB2o layer between parallel and anti-parallel magnetization states were between 0.50 and 0.75 mA in such NR-MTJs. It is suggested that the applicable MRAM fabrication with the density and capacity higher than 256 Mbit/inch2 even 6 Gbite/inch2 are possible using both I NR-MTJ＋1 transistor structure and current switching mechanism based on based on our fabricated 4×4 MRAM demo devices.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12173038)the strategic leading science and technology program(XDA 15360100,XDA 15360102)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Introduction The main physical objective of the GECAM satellite is to detect gamma-ray bursts,which is related to gravitational waves of double compact object mergers.The GECAM satellite also detects and investigates various bursts of high-energy celestial bodies.Purposes and methods In this study,we designed,developed and calibrated the payload and launched it into orbit with GECAM satellite.The payload consists of the gamma ray detector(GRD,for detecting 4 keV–4 MeV X/γray),the charged particle detector(CPD,for detecting 150 keV–5 MeV charged particle),and the electronic box(EBOX).The all-sky field coverage is achieved via two 229-degree large-area satellites positioned 180 degrees apart and are on opposite sides of the geo-center.Each satellite is equipped with 25 GRDs and 8 CPDs;thus,the satellite can identify charged particle bursts in space.Gamma-ray detectors adopt lanthanum bromide crystal technology combined with silicon photomultipliers.This is the first time that this technology was used massively in space detectors.Conclusions The GECAM satellite can quickly determine the direction of gamma-ray bursts(positioning)via indexing and fitting method,while the transmit variability,energy spectrum and direction of the gamma-ray bursts guide subsequent observations through the Beidou-3 RDSS in quasi-real time.It will play an important role in the study of high energy celestial bursts.
