电容式电压互感器(capacitive voltage transformer,CVT)为电力系统计量、保护和控制装置提供可靠的电压信号。然而其暂态响应误差大,可能引发距离保护超越和误动作等问题,需建立精确的CVT模型为电力系统分析与保护研究提供基础模型。...电容式电压互感器(capacitive voltage transformer,CVT)为电力系统计量、保护和控制装置提供可靠的电压信号。然而其暂态响应误差大,可能引发距离保护超越和误动作等问题,需建立精确的CVT模型为电力系统分析与保护研究提供基础模型。然而现有具备宽频表征能力的CVT模型多为线性模型,难以兼顾中间变压器铁芯组件对其电压传输特性的影响,且建模过程存在无源修正和降阶等问题,导致模型在特定频段或中间变压器铁芯饱和时的响应误差激增,基于此的电力系统保护策略可能失效。该文提出将CVT端口散射参数在状态方程中进行离散化表征的方法,进而通过诺顿等价建立CVT宽频导纳子模型,表征整体CVT的宽频电压传输特性;基于电磁对偶原理建立CVT工频非线性子模型,表征中间变压器铁芯励磁特性的饱和差异性;对2个子模型进行导纳互差后再进行并联耦合,建立考虑中间变压器铁芯饱和特性的CVT宽频非线性模型。对典型35kV CVT进行参数辨识和模型构建,针对其非线性和频率特性表征能力,分别设计低频涌流、电压传递特性测试和雷电冲击电压试验。结果表明,与传统CVT模型相比,该文提出的CVT模型在中间变压器铁芯饱和时的低频涌流首峰幅值仿真误差从77.79%降低至1.71%,在5Hz~1MHz范围内电压传递特性仿真归一化均方误差为0.91%,雷电冲击电压首峰值仿真误差为3.11%。试验证明所提出的CVT模型能够表征CVT的频率特性和非线性特性,可为涉及CVT的电磁暂态仿真研究提供基础模型。展开更多
The carbon dissolution in solvent plays a key role in the process of solution growth route for SiC single crystal,which could determine the growth rate and quality of the products.However,the carbon dissolving ability...The carbon dissolution in solvent plays a key role in the process of solution growth route for SiC single crystal,which could determine the growth rate and quality of the products.However,the carbon dissolving ability of binary alloy solvent still needs to be improved.Here,we demonstrate the improved carbon dissolution and enlarged carbon supersaturation in Cr-Ce-Si ternary solvent,showing great potential for SiC solution growth.The phase relations of Cr-Ce-Si-C system were determined by using CALPHAD method based on thermodynamic parameters of CeCr_(2)Si_(2)C.It is indicated that the Cr-Ce-Si ternary solvent shows much larger carbon solubility in temperature range from 1700 to 2000℃compared to Cr-Si binary one,Furthermore,the carbon supersaturation in solvent is also significantly increased in low temperature range after the addition of Ce,leading to a rapid growth rate.Our work not only demonstrates the feasibility of adding Ce in the alloy solvent for rapid growth of SiC crystal,but also provides an example for investigating the C solubility in ternary solvent.展开更多
准确检测变电站中的设备缺陷并及时进行处理是保证电力系统安全运行的重要措施.针对表计缺陷图像背景复杂、目标尺寸不一、外形差别大等问题,提出基于改进YOLOv5(you only look once的第5个版本)的变电站表计缺陷检测算法.为了提高泛化...准确检测变电站中的设备缺陷并及时进行处理是保证电力系统安全运行的重要措施.针对表计缺陷图像背景复杂、目标尺寸不一、外形差别大等问题,提出基于改进YOLOv5(you only look once的第5个版本)的变电站表计缺陷检测算法.为了提高泛化能力、解决训练过程中样本不平衡问题,利用旋转和改变图像亮度的方法进行数据增广.通过引入坐标注意力机制,在聚焦缺陷特征的同时,能突出缺陷特征的差异.为了使边界框回归更快速准确,将EDIOU loss(effective distance intersection over union loss)代替CIOU loos(complete intersection over union loss).实验结果表明:6种算法中,该文算法的准确度、召回率和mAP(mean average preciscion)均最高,分别达85.1%,86.6%,87.3%.因此,该文算法具有优越性.展开更多
文摘电容式电压互感器(capacitive voltage transformer,CVT)为电力系统计量、保护和控制装置提供可靠的电压信号。然而其暂态响应误差大,可能引发距离保护超越和误动作等问题,需建立精确的CVT模型为电力系统分析与保护研究提供基础模型。然而现有具备宽频表征能力的CVT模型多为线性模型,难以兼顾中间变压器铁芯组件对其电压传输特性的影响,且建模过程存在无源修正和降阶等问题,导致模型在特定频段或中间变压器铁芯饱和时的响应误差激增,基于此的电力系统保护策略可能失效。该文提出将CVT端口散射参数在状态方程中进行离散化表征的方法,进而通过诺顿等价建立CVT宽频导纳子模型,表征整体CVT的宽频电压传输特性;基于电磁对偶原理建立CVT工频非线性子模型,表征中间变压器铁芯励磁特性的饱和差异性;对2个子模型进行导纳互差后再进行并联耦合,建立考虑中间变压器铁芯饱和特性的CVT宽频非线性模型。对典型35kV CVT进行参数辨识和模型构建,针对其非线性和频率特性表征能力,分别设计低频涌流、电压传递特性测试和雷电冲击电压试验。结果表明,与传统CVT模型相比,该文提出的CVT模型在中间变压器铁芯饱和时的低频涌流首峰幅值仿真误差从77.79%降低至1.71%,在5Hz~1MHz范围内电压传递特性仿真归一化均方误差为0.91%,雷电冲击电压首峰值仿真误差为3.11%。试验证明所提出的CVT模型能够表征CVT的频率特性和非线性特性,可为涉及CVT的电磁暂态仿真研究提供基础模型。
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Project(Z211100004821004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872028)。
文摘The carbon dissolution in solvent plays a key role in the process of solution growth route for SiC single crystal,which could determine the growth rate and quality of the products.However,the carbon dissolving ability of binary alloy solvent still needs to be improved.Here,we demonstrate the improved carbon dissolution and enlarged carbon supersaturation in Cr-Ce-Si ternary solvent,showing great potential for SiC solution growth.The phase relations of Cr-Ce-Si-C system were determined by using CALPHAD method based on thermodynamic parameters of CeCr_(2)Si_(2)C.It is indicated that the Cr-Ce-Si ternary solvent shows much larger carbon solubility in temperature range from 1700 to 2000℃compared to Cr-Si binary one,Furthermore,the carbon supersaturation in solvent is also significantly increased in low temperature range after the addition of Ce,leading to a rapid growth rate.Our work not only demonstrates the feasibility of adding Ce in the alloy solvent for rapid growth of SiC crystal,but also provides an example for investigating the C solubility in ternary solvent.
文摘准确检测变电站中的设备缺陷并及时进行处理是保证电力系统安全运行的重要措施.针对表计缺陷图像背景复杂、目标尺寸不一、外形差别大等问题,提出基于改进YOLOv5(you only look once的第5个版本)的变电站表计缺陷检测算法.为了提高泛化能力、解决训练过程中样本不平衡问题,利用旋转和改变图像亮度的方法进行数据增广.通过引入坐标注意力机制,在聚焦缺陷特征的同时,能突出缺陷特征的差异.为了使边界框回归更快速准确,将EDIOU loss(effective distance intersection over union loss)代替CIOU loos(complete intersection over union loss).实验结果表明:6种算法中,该文算法的准确度、召回率和mAP(mean average preciscion)均最高,分别达85.1%,86.6%,87.3%.因此,该文算法具有优越性.
基金Project supported by Funds for Innovative Research Groups of China （51021005）, National Basic Research Program of China （973 Program） （2009CB724504）, National Natural Science Foundation of China（50707036）.
